YUD 1:15 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. ποιῆσαι
2. poieō
3. to execute
4. -
5. 41600
6. VNAA····
7. ˓to˒ execute
8. ˓to˒ execute
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155086
1. κρίσιν
2. krisis
3. judgement
4. -
5. 29200
6. N····AFS
7. judgement
8. judgment
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155087
1. κατά
2. kata
3. against
4. -
5. 25960
6. P·······
7. against
8. against
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155088
1. πάντων
2. pas
3. all
4. -
5. 39560
6. S····GMP
7. all
8. all
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155089
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155090
1. ἐξελέγξαι
2. exelegχō
3. -
4. -
5. 18270
6. VNAA····
7. ˓to˒ refute
8. ˓to˒ refute
9. -
10. -
11. 155091
1. ἐλέγξαι
2. elegχō
3. to rebuke
4. -
5. 16510
6. VNAA····
7. ˓to˒ rebuke
8. ˓to˒ rebuke
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155092
1. πασᾶν
2. pas
3. -
4. -
5. 39560
6. E····AFS
7. all
8. all
9. -
10. -
11. 155093
1. πάντας
2. pas
3. all
4. -
5. 39560
6. E····AMP
7. all
8. all
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155094
1. ψυχήν
2. psuχē
3. -
4. -
5. 55900
6. N····AFS
7. souls
8. souls
9. -
10. -
11. 155095
1. τούς
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····AMP
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155096
1. ἀσεβεῖς
2. asebēs
3. ungodly
4. -
5. 7650
6. S····NMP
7. ungodly
8. ungodly
9. -
10. Y66; F155098; F155106
11. 155097
1. αὐτῶν
2. autos
3. -
4. -
5. 8460
6. R···3GMP
7. ˱of˲ them
8. ˱of˲ them
9. -
10. R155097
11. 155098
1. περί
2. peri
3. concerning
4. -
5. 40120
6. P·······
7. concerning
8. concerning
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155099
1. πάντων
2. pas
3. all
4. -
5. 39560
6. E····GNP
7. all
8. all
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155100
1. τῶν
2. ho
3. their
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····GNP
7. their
8. their
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155101
1. ἔργων
2. ergon
3. works
4. -
5. 20410
6. N····GNP
7. works
8. works
9. -
10. Y66; F155105
11. 155102
1. ἀσεβείας
2. asebeia
3. of ungodliness
4. -
5. 7630
6. N····GFS
7. ˱of˲ ungodliness
8. ˱of˲ ungodliness
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155103
1. αὐτῶν
2. autos
3. of them
4. -
5. 8460
6. R···3GMP
7. ˱of˲ them
8. ˱of˲ them
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155104
1. ὧν
2. hos
3. which
4. that
5. 37390
6. R····GNP
7. which
8. which
9. -
10. Y66; R155102; R155111
11. 155105
1. ἠσέβησαν
2. asebeō
3. they acted ungodly
4. -
5. 7640
6. VIAA3··P
7. ˱they˲ acted_ungodly
8. ˱they˲ acted_ungodly
9. -
10. Y66; R155097
11. 155106
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155107
1. περί
2. peri
3. concerning
4. -
5. 40120
6. P·······
7. concerning
8. concerning
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155108
1. πάντων
2. pas
3. all
4. -
5. 39560
6. E····GNP
7. all
8. all
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155109
1. τῶν
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····GNP
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155110
1. σκληρῶν
2. sklēros
3. hard things
4. -
5. 46420
6. S····GNP
7. hard ‹things›
8. hard ‹things›
9. -
10. Y66; F155105
11. 155111
1. σκληρῶν
2. sklēros
3. -
4. -
5. 46420
6. A····GMP
7. hard
8. hard
9. -
10. -
11. 155112
1. λόγων
2. logos
3. -
4. -
5. 30560
6. N····GMP
7. messages
8. words
9. -
10. -
11. 155113
1. ὧν
2. hos
3. of which
4. -
5. 37390
6. R····GNP
7. ˱of˲ which
8. ˱of˲ which
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155114
1. ἐλάλησαν
2. laleō
3. spoke
4. -
5. 29800
6. VIAA3··P
7. spoke
8. spoke
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155115
1. κατʼ
2. kata
3. against
4. -
5. 25960
6. P·······
7. against
8. against
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155116
1. αὐτοῦ
2. autos
3. him
4. him
5. 8460
6. R···3GMS
7. him
8. him
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155117
1. ἁμαρτωλοί
2. hamartōlos
3. sinners
4. -
5. 2680
6. S····NMP
7. sinners
8. sinners
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155118
1. ἀσεβεῖς
2. asebēs
3. ungodly
4. -
5. 7650
6. A····NMP
7. ungodly
8. ungodly
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155119

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 5–19: Jude gave illustrations to prove that the Lord would punish the fake Christians

In this section, Jude described the sins of the fake Christians in more detail. He also foretold that the Lord would punish them. He used a special Jewish styleAs mentioned in the Outline, this style was called “midrash.” Jewish rabbis sometimes used this text-application style of presentation. in these verses. He referred to different examples, often taken from the Bible. Then he applied these examples to the situation about which he was writing.

Jude organized this part of his letter as follows:

Example	Application
verses 5–7	verse 8Verse 8 is the application for the examples in 5–7 and could end that paragraph. Verse 8 also introduces 9–10 and could begin that paragraph. These Notes show the paragraph division between verse 7 and verse 8, as does almost every English version.
verse 9	verse 10
verse 11	verses 12–13
verses 14–15	verse 16
verses 17–18	verse 19

The main purpose of the section was to show that the Lord would certainly punish these fake Christians. Jude compared them with well-known individuals and groups mentioned in the Old Testament and in other Jewish writings. He also used things found in nature to describe their sinful ways. Through these examples, he explained that these fake Christians deserved the punishment which they would receive.

Paragraph 14–16

In this paragraph, Jude quoted a prophecy made by a man named Enoch. Enoch lived in the Old Testament period, before the great flood. Genesis 5:18–24 indicates that Enoch had a special relationship with God, and that he never died.

Enoch prophesied that the Lord would condemn people like these fake Christians. Jude did not learn this prophecy from the Bible, but from some other reliable source.

Jude presented the information about Enoch in an order that is unusual for some languages, including English. A general comment at the end of the notes for 15d shows a way to reorder 14–15.

15

In this verse, Jude continued to quote a prophecy made by Enoch. This quotation started at 14c and ends at 15d.

This verse repeats the word for “ungodly” several times for emphasis. See the general comment at the end of the notes for 15d for translation suggestions.

15a

to execute judgment on everyone,

He will come to judge everyone,
When he comes, he will judge all people,

to execute judgment on everyone: The prophecy indicates here that the Lord will execute judgment on everyone when he returns. However, he will “convict” (15b) only the “ungodly” people (15b–d).

to execute judgment: In this context, the Greek phrase that the BSB translates here as to execute judgment means “to say publicly whether someone is guilty or not guilty.” It does not include the idea of deciding punishment. Here are some other ways to translate the word execute:

declare

pronounce/announce

proclaim

everyone: The Greek word that the BSB translates here as everyone is literally “all.” It refers to all human beings. This includes both righteous people and unrighteous people.

15b

and to convict all the ungodly

and to condemn all the impious people
and he will convict all of those who did not respect him
and he will declare guilty everyone who did not accept his authority

and to convict: In this context, the Greek verb that the BSB translates as to convict means “to declare someone to be guilty and to sentence the guilty person to be punished.” Some other ways that English versions translate this include:

to sentence (NJB)

to condemn (GNT)

to punish (NCV)

all the ungodly: Copies of the Greek text differ about the phrase that is used here:

Some copies have a phrase that means all the ungodly. Most English versions follow these copies. (Some of these versions leave the idea all implicit.) For example:
all the godless (REB)
all the ungodly (NASB) (BSB, CEV, GW, JBP, KJV, NASB, NIV, NJB, NLT, REB, RSV, NCV)
Some other copies have a phrase that means “every soul.” Some English versions follow these copies. For example:
every person (NET) (NET, NRSV, GNT)

It is recommended that you follow option (1).

ungodly: The Greek word asebeias, which the BSB translates here as ungodly, is the same word that was used in 4c. This Greek adjective described people who did not respect God or his authority. Because they did not respect God’s authority over them, they lived sinful lives. Ways to translate this include:Although the word “ungodly” includes the English word for God, this is not true in Greek (The Greek word is asebeis.) It is not necessary in other languages to include a word for “god” in the expression that is used to translate this idea. Some examples of ways to translate without using a word for god are: “impious,” “irreverent,” “immoral,” or “irreligious.”

impious

irreverent

do not respect God

In English an adjective like ungodly implies a noun like “people.” In some languages it may be necessary to include a word to clarify what ungodly describes. For example:

ungodly people (CEV)

ungodly sinners (GW)

Jude used other forms of this Greek word several times in this verse, and once in 18d.

15c

of every ungodly act of wickedness

for all the immoral acts they have disrespectfully done,
for all the immoral and evil things that they have done,
because of all of their evil actions,

of every ungodly act of wickedness: The Greek phrase that the BSB translates as of every ungodly act of wickedness can also be translated literally as “concerning all of the/their ungodly works.” These ungodly works are everything that they have done to disobey or disrespect God.

Again, Jude used another form of the Greek word that the BSB translates as ungodly in 15b. These people did not just disobey and disrespect God, but they did it in ways that showed their disrespect of him. Some ways to say this include:

they have done in rebellion (NLT)

which they have committed in an ungodly manner

15d

and every harsh word spoken against Him by ungodly sinners.”

and for all the defiant words that they have disrespectfully spoken against him.”
and because of all the insulting/hurtful words that sinful people have spoken against him.”

Enoch had prophesied that the Lord would convict ungodly people also for the harsh words they spoke against him. Jude had already stated that Enoch’s prophecy applied to the fake Christians that he wrote about in this letter (14b). Jude had already mentioned that these fake Christians were guilty of disrespectful speech against the Lord Jesus (8d, 10a).

and every harsh word: The Greek term that the BSB translates here as harsh word refers to talk which is disrespectful, defiant, insulting, or hurtful.

spoken against Him: This phrase refers specifically to the words they have spoken against the Lord. Enoch indicated that sinners would be punished for what they said against the Lord, not only for what they did (15c).

Him: The Greek pronoun that the BSB translates here as Him refers to the Lord. This pronoun refers back to “the Lord” in 14c.

by ungodly sinners: The Greek adjective that the BSB translates here as sinners can also be translated literally as “sinful.” Here Jude added sinful to his description of the ungodly people. This emphasized that they were guilty and deserved to be punished.

In some languages the words ungodly and sinners may be too similar to translate separately. If that is true in your language, you may need to use only one term here instead of two.

ungodly: Here Jude again used another form of the Greek word which the BSB translates as ungodly in 15b.

General Comment on 15a–d

In this verse, Jude repeated the Greek word that the BSB translates as “ungodly” several times. He also used the word “sinners.” He did this to emphasize that the fake Christians were very guilty, and they deserved for the Lord to punish them. Repetition is a natural way to express this emphasis in Greek.

In some languages it may not be natural to repeat a word so many times in such a short verse. If this is true in your language, look for the most natural way to emphasize their guilt. You may be able to do this by using several different words to express the idea. For example:

to convict all ungodly people for all the immoral and evil things that they have done, and for all the harsh words sinners have spoken against him.

He will sentence/condemn all ungodly people for all of their evil and impious actions, and for everything disrespectful that immoral and sinful people have spoken against him.

General Comment on 14–15

The BSB text of 14a–b has reordered the phrases to be more natural English. In the Greek text, Jude began the verse by referring to the fake Christians as the ones whom Enoch prophesied about. The RSV follows the Greek order more closely here. For example:

^14bIt was of these also that ^14aEnoch in the seventh generation from Adam ^14bprophesied, saying… (RSV)

In some languages it may not be natural or possible to introduce the information in that order. It may help to reorder verses 14–15. Reordering may also help to connect these verses to verse 16. For example:

^14a Enoch, born in the seventh generation from Adam, ^14bprophesied, ^14c“See, the Lord will certainly come with many thousands of his holy angels. ^15aWhen he comes, he will judge everyone, ^15band he will sentence all ungodly people. ^15cHe will condemn them for all the immoral and evil things they have done, ^15dand for everything disrespectful that ungodly and sinful people have spoken against him.” ^14bEnoch’s prophecy applies also to the people who have infiltrated your church. ^16aThese men are…

If you use this order, you may need to use a more specific phrase at the end of 14–15 to refer to the fake Christians. Since “These men” in 16a resumes the description of the fake Christians, it may be helpful at the end of 14–15 to use a clear phrase in your language. You can consider using the one which you used in 4c. In the example above, these people are referred to as “the people who have infiltrated your church.”

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-logic-goal

ποιῆσαι κρίσιν & καὶ ἐλέγξαι

˓to˒_execute judgment & (Some words not found in SR-GNT: ποιῆσαι κρίσιν κατά πάντων καί ἐλέγξαι πάντας τούς ἀσεβεῖς περί πάντων τῶν ἔργων ἀσεβείας αὐτῶν ὧν ἠσέβησαν καί περί πάντων τῶν σκληρῶν ὧν ἐλάλησαν κατʼ αὐτοῦ ἁμαρτωλοί ἀσεβεῖς)

Both of these instances of the word to indicate the purpose for which the Lord comes with his holy ones. Alternate translation: [for the purpose of judgment … and in order to rebuke]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

ποιῆσαι κρίσιν κατὰ

˓to˒_execute judgment (Some words not found in SR-GNT: ποιῆσαι κρίσιν κατά πάντων καί ἐλέγξαι πάντας τούς ἀσεβεῖς περί πάντων τῶν ἔργων ἀσεβείας αὐτῶν ὧν ἠσέβησαν καί περί πάντων τῶν σκληρῶν ὧν ἐλάλησαν κατʼ αὐτοῦ ἁμαρτωλοί ἀσεβεῖς)

If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun judgment with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: [to judge]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / synecdoche

πᾶσαν ψυχὴν

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: ποιῆσαι κρίσιν κατά πάντων καί ἐλέγξαι πάντας τούς ἀσεβεῖς περί πάντων τῶν ἔργων ἀσεβείας αὐτῶν ὧν ἠσέβησαν καί περί πάντων τῶν σκληρῶν ὧν ἐλάλησαν κατʼ αὐτοῦ ἁμαρτωλοί ἀσεβεῖς)

Here, soul refers to a person. Alternate translation: [every person]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / possession

τῶν ἔργων ἀσεβείας αὐτῶν

their works ˱of˲_ungodliness ˱of˲_them

Here Jude is using the possessive form to describe works that are characterized by ungodliness. If this is not clear in your language, you could use a phrase to explain it. Alternate translation: [ungodly works]

τῶν σκληρῶν

their the hard_‹things›

Here, harsh things refers to harsh statements that sinners speak slanderously against the Lord. Alternate translation: [the harsh words] or [the offensive statements]

Note 5 topic: writing-pronouns

αὐτοῦ

him

Here the pronoun him could refer to: (1) Jesus. Alternate translation, as in the UST: [Jesus] (2) God. Alternate translation: [God] The option you choose must agree with your choice for the meaning of “Lord” in the previous verse.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear YUD (JUD) 1:15

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

Section 5–19: Jude gave illustrations to prove that the Lord would punish the fake Christians

Paragraph 14–16

15

15a

15b

15c

15d

General Comment on 15a–d

General Comment on 14–15

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)