YUD 1:10 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. οὗτοι
2. houtos
3. these
4. -
5. 37780
6. R····NMP
7. these
8. these
9. -
10. Y66; R154919
11. 154960
1. Δέ
2. de
3. But
4. but
5. 11610
6. C·······
7. but
8. but
9. S
10. Y66
11. 154961
1. ὅσα
2. hosos
3. as much as
4. -
5. 37450
6. R····ANP
7. as_much_as
8. as_much_as
9. -
10. Y66
11. 154962
1. μέν
2. men
3. on one hand
4. -
5. 33030
6. C·······
7. on_one_hand
8. on_one_hand
9. -
10. Y66
11. 154963
1. οὐκ
2. ou
3. not
4. don't
5. 37560
6. D·······
7. not
8. not
9. -
10. Y66
11. 154964
1. οἴδασιν
2. eidō
3. they have known
4. -
5. 14920
6. VIEA3··P
7. ˱they˲ ˓have˒ known
8. ˱they˲ ˓have˒ known
9. -
10. Y66; R154919
11. 154965
1. βλασφημοῦσιν
2. blasfēmeō
3. they are slandering
4. -
5. 9870
6. VIPA3··P
7. ˱they˲ ˓are˒ slandering
8. ˱they˲ ˓are˒ slandering
9. -
10. Y66
11. 154966
1. ὅσα
2. hosos
3. as much as
4. -
5. 37450
6. R····ANP
7. as_much_as
8. as_much_as
9. -
10. Y66
11. 154967
1. δέ
2. de
3. on the other hand
4. -
5. 11610
6. C·······
7. on_the_other_hand
8. on_the_other_hand
9. -
10. Y66
11. 154968
1. φυσικῶς
2. fusikōs
3. naturally
4. -
5. 54470
6. D·······
7. naturally
8. naturally
9. -
10. Y66
11. 154969
1. ὡς
2. hōs
3. as
4. -
5. 56130
6. C·······
7. as
8. as
9. -
10. Y66
11. 154970
1. τά
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····NNP
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y66
11. 154971
1. ἄλογα
2. alogos
3. illogical
4. -
5. 2490
6. A····NNP
7. illogical
8. illogical
9. -
10. Y66
11. 154972
1. ζῷα
2. zōon
3. animals
4. animal
5. 22260
6. N····NNP
7. animals
8. animals
9. -
10. Y66
11. 154973
1. ἐπίστανται
2. epistamai
3. are understanding
4. understand
5. 19870
6. VIPM3··P
7. ˓are˒ understanding
8. ˓are˒ understanding
9. -
10. Y66; R154919; F154976
11. 154974
1. ἐν
2. en
3. in
4. -
5. 17220
6. P·······
7. in
8. in
9. -
10. Y66
11. 154975
1. τούτοις
2. houtos
3. these things
4. -
5. 37780
6. R····DNP
7. these ‹things›
8. these ‹things›
9. -
10. Y66; R154974
11. 154976
1. φθείρονται
2. ftheirō
3. they are being corrupted
4. -
5. 53510
6. VIPP3··P
7. ˱they˲ ˓are_being˒ corrupted
8. ˱they˲ ˓are_being˒ corrupted
9. -
10. Y66; R154919
11. 154977

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 5–19: Jude gave illustrations to prove that the Lord would punish the fake Christians

In this section, Jude described the sins of the fake Christians in more detail. He also foretold that the Lord would punish them. He used a special Jewish styleAs mentioned in the Outline, this style was called “midrash.” Jewish rabbis sometimes used this text-application style of presentation. in these verses. He referred to different examples, often taken from the Bible. Then he applied these examples to the situation about which he was writing.

Jude organized this part of his letter as follows:

Example	Application
verses 5–7	verse 8Verse 8 is the application for the examples in 5–7 and could end that paragraph. Verse 8 also introduces 9–10 and could begin that paragraph. These Notes show the paragraph division between verse 7 and verse 8, as does almost every English version.
verse 9	verse 10
verse 11	verses 12–13
verses 14–15	verse 16
verses 17–18	verse 19

The main purpose of the section was to show that the Lord would certainly punish these fake Christians. Jude compared them with well-known individuals and groups mentioned in the Old Testament and in other Jewish writings. He also used things found in nature to describe their sinful ways. Through these examples, he explained that these fake Christians deserved the punishment which they would receive.

Paragraph 8–10

In this paragraph, Jude wrote that the fake Christians (verse 4) had sinned in ways which were similar to the examples of sin in verses 5–7. Jude added another example to show how evil and unwise these people were (verse 9). He then said that they were like unthinking animals (verse 10).

10

In this verse, there is a contrast between 10a and 10b–c.In the Greek text of this verse, there is a men-de relationship between 10a and 10b–c. In English, men-de is often defined as “on the one hand”…“on the other hand.” None of the English versions make this explicit in their translation. This form, when used in English, usually marks some kind of contrast. In this verse, however, both the men and the de reinforce Jude’s point, that is, the sinfulness of the fake Christians. The contrast relates to their response to what (men) they do not understand (10a) and to what (de) they do understand (10b–c). In both cases they act sinfully. This contrast is between the response of the fake Christians to what they did not understand and their response to what they did understand. Be sure to express this contrast clearly in your translation.

10a

These men, however, slander what they do not understand,

But these men speak disrespectfully against those things they do not understand,
These people, however, scorn/do-not-respect whatever and whomever they do not understand.

These men, however: The Greek pronoun that the BSB translates as These men refers here to the fake Christians whom Jude mentioned in verses 4 and 8a. This pronoun did not necessarily refer only to males. Many English versions use a more general expression. For example:

But these people… (GNT)

For another note that talks about this matter, see “certain men” in 4a.

however: The Greek word that the BSB translates here as however indicates a contrast between this verse and verse 9. In this verse, Jude contrasted the sinful ways of the fake Christians with Michael (verse 9), who respected the Lord. Jude described these people as being like unthinking animals.

slander: The Greek verb that the BSB translates here as slander is literally “blaspheme.” Forms of this word were also used in 8d and 9c, where the BSB translates them as “slander” and “slanderous.” Here in verse 10, the word is used in a general way. It should be translated with a general expression that could apply to either God or people.In English, “blaspheme” would generally apply to a deity, and “slander” to other personal beings, such as angels, human beings, and possibly Jesus according to his human nature. For example:

speak against

speak disrespectfully about

slight

what they do not understand: Jude was probably not referring here to any one thing in particular that these people did not understand.English versions that support this interpretation include: BSB, GW, JBP, NASB, NIV, NJB, NRSV, REB, RSV, GNT. The people spoke against anything that they did not understand.The CEV disagrees. It seems to say that Jude was speaking specifically about the insulting of angels (see also verse 8 in the CEV, specifically 8d). Here in 10a, the CEV says: “But these people insult powers they don’t know anything about.” For example, they did not understand the Lord, the gospel message, divine authority, morality, and many other things.The fake Christians probably claimed to have special knowledge, perhaps from their dreams. Here and later in this verse, Jude disagreed with their claim to have special understanding. Ways to translate this include:

But these people abuse anything they do not understand (NJB).

But these people mock and curse the things they do not understand (NLT).

These people, however, speak disrespectfully against whatever and whomever they do not understand.

10b

and like irrational animals,

and the things they do understand by instinct, as senseless/dumb animals understand things,
But like dumb animals, they know/understand some things that they do not have to think about.

like irrational animals: In general, animals do not reason or think about most things. They follow their natural desires. If they are hungry, they eat. If they are tired, they sleep. If it is time to mate, then they mate. Jude was implying that some of the desires that these people followed were sinful desires. They followed these desires without thinking about the consequences of their actions. The note on 10c discusses this further.

Other ways to say this are:

like senseless animals (CEV)

like animals that do not reason

10c

they will be destroyed by the things they do instinctively.

by doing these same things they destroy themselves.
When they do these sinful things that they do know/understand, these sinful men cause the Lord to destroy/judge them.

they will be destroyed by the things they do instinctively: Jude indicates that these fake Christians were destroying themselves by doing the things that they knew by instinct. They probably did this by following their instincts in sinful ways, such as by committing sexual sins or gluttony. By such actions, they would cause the Lord to destroy them.

they will be destroyed: There is implied information here about the way that these people would be destroyed. Their sinful actions would cause the Lord to judge and punish them. The destruction would not be only the natural results of their actions, such as troubles or disease. In some languages it may be necessary to make the Lord’s role explicit. For example:

^10b–cand when like animals they act on what they do understand by instinct, they cause the Lord to destroy them.

the things they do instinctively: Although there are many things that the fake Christians did not understand (10a), Jude said that they did understand some things. They understood these things instinctively. The things people do instinctively include natural urges like eating, sleeping, and having sexual relations.

instinctively: The Greek word that the BSB translates here as instinctively refers to what people naturally know to do. They understand these things, because doing them is according to their nature.

Some languages may not have a single word for instinctively. If this is true in your language, you may be able to say something like:

without thinking

according to their natural way(s)

Animals live instinctively, so Jude compared what these fake Christians do to animals, as described in the next note.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: writing-pronouns

οὗτοι

these

Here, these ones refers to the false teachers introduced in verse 4. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this phrase explicitly. Alternate translation: [these false teachers]

Note 2 topic: writing-pronouns

ὅσα & οὐκ οἴδασιν

as_much_as & not ˱they˲_˓have˒_known

This word what could refer to: (1) the spiritual realm referred to in the previous verse. Alternate translation: [the spiritual realm, which they do not understand] (2) the glorious ones mentioned in verse 8. Alternate translation: [the glorious ones, which they do not understand]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / simile

ὅσα δὲ φυσικῶς ὡς τὰ ἄλογα ζῷα ἐπίστανται

as_much_as as_much_as (Some words not found in SR-GNT: οὗτοι Δέ ὅσα μέν οὐκ οἴδασιν βλασφημοῦσιν ὅσα δέ φυσικῶς ὡς τά ἄλογα ζῷα ἐπίστανται ἐν τούτοις φθείρονται)

This clause refers to the sexual immorality of the false teachers, who thoughtlessly live according to their natural sexual desires the way animals do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this simile by translating the simile plainly. Alternate translation: [but what they naturally understand, unrestrained sexual desires]

Note 4 topic: writing-pronouns

ἐν τούτοις

in these_‹things›

Here, these things refers back to “what they understand by instinct,” which is sexually immoral acts. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this explicitly. Alternate translation: [by these sexually immoral acts]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

ἐν τούτοις φθείρονται

in these_‹things› ˱they˲_˓are_being˒_corrupted

If your language does not use the passive form are being destroyed, you could express this with an active form. Alternate translation: [these things are destroying them]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear YUD (JUD) 1:10

SR Greek word order

Section 5–19: Jude gave illustrations to prove that the Lord would punish the fake Christians

Paragraph 8–10

10

10a

10b

10c

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)