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OET GENEXOLEVNUMDEUJOBJOSJDGRUTH1 SAM2 SAMPSAAMOSHOS1 KI2 KI1 CHR2 CHRPROVECCSNGJOELMICISAZEPHABJERLAMYNANAHOBADANEZEEZRAESTNEHHAGZECMALYHNMARKMATLUKEACTsYACGAL1 TH2 TH1 COR2 CORROMCOLPHMEPHPHP1 TIMTIT1 PET2 PET2 TIMHEBYUD1 YHN2 YHN3 YHNREV

1 KIIntroC1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8C9C10C11C12C13C14C15C16C17C18C19C20C21C22

Open English Translation 1 KI Chapter 18

1 KI 18 ©

Readers’ Version

Literal Version

18In the third year of drought, Yahweh told Eliyah to go and show himself to King Ahav and tell him that it would soon rain, 2so he went to present himself to Ahav.

Meanwhile in Shomron (Samaria), the food shortage was terrible 3and King Ahav had summoned his palace manager Ovadyah. (Ovadyah was a sincere follower of Yahweh. 4When Queen Izevel had tried to kill Yahweh’s prophets, Ovadyah had hidden a hundred prophets—fifty in each of two caves and kept them supplied with food and water.) 5King Ahav told Ovadyah, “We’ll go across the country to all the springs and all the valleys that water sometimes flows in. Perhaps we’ll find some grass so we can keep a horse or a mule or two alive and not lose our breeding stock.” 6So they divided the country into two, and they each went off in a different direction.

7While Ovadyah was on a path, Eliyah came to meet him. Ovadyah recognised him and fell to his knees with his face to the ground, and asked, “Is it really you, my master Eliyah?”

8Yes, it’s me,” he replied. “Now go and tell your master that I’m here.”

9“How have I sinned,” Ovadyah responded, “that you’re giving your servant a death sentence? 10As your god Yahweh lives, my master sent people to every kingdom to try to find you, and if they said you weren’t there, then he made them promise under oath that it was true. 11So now you tell me to tell my master that you’re here, 12but as soon as I leave you, Yahweh’s spirit will take you to goodness knows where. Meanwhile I’ll go and tell Ahav, and he’ll come here and not find you, so then he’ll kill me, even though I’ve been trying to obey Yahweh since I was young. 13Haven’t you heard, my master, what I did when Izevel was killing Yahweh’s prophets and I hid a hundred of them in two caves and kept them supplied with food and water? 14Yet now you’re trying to get me killed by telling my master that he’ll find you here.”

15“As army commander Yahweh lives—the one I serve,” Eliyah replied, “I’ll definitely be here to see him today.”

16So Ovadyah went and informed Ahav who then came to meet Eliyah. 17When he saw Eliyah, Ahav asked him, “Is that you—the one who causes trouble for Yisrael?”

18It’s not me who brings trouble onto Yisrael,” Eliyah replied. “But rather it’s you and your father’s families who decided to ignore Yahweh’s commands and serve the Baals instead. 19So now, get all Yisrael to go to Mt. Karmel, along with the 450 prophets of Baal and the 400 prophets of Asherah who Queen Izevel feeds at her table.”

20So Ahav summoned all the Israelis and the prophets to go to Mt. Karmel, 21and Eliyah addressed the people, “How much longer are you all going to remain unsure who to follow? If Yahweh is God, follow him, but if it’s Baal, follow him.” But the people just stayed silent. 22Then he said, “I’m Yahweh’s only remaining prophet, but Baal has 450 prophets. 23Let them get us two bulls and they can choose one for themselves. Then they can cut it into pieces and lay them a pile of wood that they’ve set for a fire, but they can’t light the fire. I’ll do the same with the other bull, but also won’t light the fire. 24Then they must call to their god and I’ll call to Yahweh, and the god who answers by setting the wood on fire must be the true God.”

It sounds good to us,” the people answered.

25So Eliyah told Baal’s prophets, “Okay, there’s a lot more of you guys, so you choose your bull and go first and call out to your god, but don’t set fire to the pile.”

26So they took the bull he gave them and prepared it all, and then they called out to Baal from morning until midday, shouting, “Baal, answer us!” But they didn’t hear any voice and got no answer. Then they hopped around the altar they’d made.

27Finally at noon, Eliyah began mocking them, saying, “Call out louder because he’s a god. Maybe he’s thinking about something else, or busy with something, or travelling somewhere. Pehaps he’s asleep and needs waking up.” 28So they shouted even louder and did their usual cutting of their bodies with knives and swords until a lot of blood flowed. 29Midday passed and they continued raving all afternoon, but they didn’t hear any voice, and they got no answer or even any suggestion that their god was listening.

30Then Eliyah told the people, “Okay, now come over here by me.” So all the people came over by him, and he repaired the altar of Yahweh that had been torn down. 31He took twelve stones (the number of the sons of Yakob (Jacob) who Yahweh told would be called Yisrael)[ref] 32and used them to rebuild Yahweh’s altar. Then around the altar he made a trench large enough to hold the water to water in two drums of seed.[fn] 33He arranged the firewood, and cut the bull into pieces and placed them on top, 34and then ordered, “Fill four jars with water and pour it on the burnt offering and the firewood.” Then he said “Now do it a second time,” and they did it a second time, and again he said, “Do it a third time,” and they did it a third time. 35The water ran around the altar and even filled the trench.

36When it was time to offer the evening sacrifices, the prophet Eliyah approached the altar and prayed, “Yahweh, God of Abraham, Yitshak, and Yisrael, let it be known today that you are God in Yisrael and I’m your servant, and I’ve done all these things following your instructions. 37Answer me, Yahweh! Answer me, so that this country will understand that you, Yahweh, are God, and that you can turn their hearts back again.”

38Then Yahweh sent fire down from the sky that consumed the pieces of meat, the firewood, the stones, and the dirt around the altar, including all the water that had been in the trench. 39When all the people saw what had happened, they fell onto their knees and bowed their faces to the ground, saying, “Yahweh is God! Yahweh is God!”

40Then Eliyah ordered them, “Grab hold of Baal’s prophets. Don’t let any of them sneak away.” So they seized them, and Eliyah brought them down to the Kishon valley and he slaughtered them there.

41Then Eliyah told King Ahav, “Get ready and have something to eat and drink, because I can hear the noise of heavy rain coming.” 42So Ahav got ready and had something to eat and drink, but Eliyah went further up Mt. Karmel and squatted with his face down between his knees[ref] 43and told his servant, “Go up now, and look towards the ocean.”

He went up and looked and said, “There’s nothing there.”

This happened seven times, 44but on the seventh time he came back and said, “Wow, there’s a small cloud out above the ocean about the size of a man’s palm.”

Then Eliyah ordered him, “Rush and tell Ahab to get his chariot ready and head down so he won’t be caught in the rain.”

45Very soon the sky was full of dark clouds, then wind and heavy rain. Ahav kept riding and made it to the city of Yezreel. 46Yahweh gave Eliyah extra strength and he tucked his robe into his belt, and ran ahead of Ahav going into Yezreel.


18:32 A more Jewish interpretation that seems to agree with v34–35—see https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/questions/31555/water-in-elijahs-trench.


18and_ days _he/it_was many and_the_message_of YHWH it_came to ʼĒliyyāh in_year (the)_third to_say go present_yourself to ʼAḩʼāⱱ and_I_will_give rain on the_surface_of the_soil.
2And_ ʼĒliyyāh _he/it_went to_present_himself to ʼAḩʼāⱱ and_the_famine was_severe in_Shomrōn.
3And_ ʼAḩʼāⱱ _he/it_called (to) ˊOⱱadyāh who was_over the_household and_ˊOⱱadyāh he_was fearing DOM YHWH exceedingly.
4And_he/it_was when_cut_off ʼĪzeⱱel/(Jezebel) DOM the_prophets_of YHWH and_ ˊOⱱadyāh _he/it_took one_hundred prophets and_he_hid_them fifty man in_cave and_he_supplied_them food and_water.
5And_ ʼAḩʼāⱱ _he/it_said to ˊOⱱadyāh go on_the_earth to all_of the_springs_of the_waters and_near/to all_of the_wadis perhaps we_will_find grass and_we_will_preserve_alive horse and_mule and_not we_will_cut_off any_of_the_livestock.
6And_they_divided to/for_them DOM the_earth/land to_pass in_it ʼAḩʼāⱱ he_went in_a_direction one for_him/it_being_alone and_ˊOⱱadyāh he_went in_a_direction one for_him/it_being_alone.
7And_he/it_was ˊOⱱadyāh on_way and_see/lo/see ʼĒliyyāh to_meet_him and_he_recognized_him and_he_fell on his/its_faces/face and_he/it_said you is_this my_master ʼĒliyyāh.
8And_he/it_said to_him/it it_is_I go say to_your(pl)_of_master(s) here ʼĒliyyāh.
9And_he/it_said what have_I_sinned (cmp) you are_giving DOM servant_of_your in_the_hand_of ʼAḩʼāⱱ to_put_me_to_death.
10by_the_life of_YHWH god_of_your if there_is a_nation and_a_kingdom where not he_has_sent my_master there to_seek_you and_they_said he_is_not and_he_made_swear DOM the_kingdom and_DOM the_nation if/because_that not it_has_found_you.
11And_now you are_saying go say to_your(pl)_of_master(s) here ʼĒliyyāh.
12And_it_was I I_will_go from_with_you and_spirit of_YHWH it_will_carry_you_away to where not I_know and_I_will_go to_announce to_ʼAḩʼāⱱ and_not he_will_find_you and_he_will_kill_me and_your_of_servant is_fearing DOM YHWH since_my_of_youth(s).
13Not has_it_been_told to_my_of_master DOM that_which I_did when_killed ʼĪzeⱱel/(Jezebel) DOM the_prophets_of YHWH and_I_hid of_the_prophets_of of_YHWH one_hundred man fifty fifty man in_cave and_I_supplied_them food and_water.
14And_now you are_saying go say to_your(pl)_of_master(s) here ʼĒliyyāh and_he_will_kill_me.
15and_ ʼĒliyyāh _he/it_said by_the_life of_YHWH hosts whom I_stand before_him if/because the_day I_will_present_myself to_him/it.
16And_ ˊOⱱadyāh _he/it_went to_ ʼAḩʼāⱱ _meet and_he_told to_him/it and_ ʼAḩʼāⱱ _he/it_went to_ ʼĒliyyāh _meet.
17And_he/it_was just_as_saw ʼAḩʼāⱱ DOM ʼĒliyyāh and_ ʼAḩʼāⱱ _he/it_said to_him/it you is_this Oh_you_who_trouble Yisrāʼēl/(Israel).
18And_he/it_said not I_have_troubled DOM Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) if/because (if) you and_the_household_of I_will_show_you(ms) because_you_have_abandoned DOM the_commands_of YHWH and_you_have_walked after the_Baˊal.
19And_now send gather to_me DOM all_of Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) to the_mountain_of (the)_Karmel/(Carmel) and_DOM the_prophets_of (the)_Baˊal four hundred(s) and_fifty and_the_prophets_of (the)_ʼAshērāh four hundred(s) who_eat_of the_table_of ʼĪzeⱱel.
20And_ ʼAḩʼāⱱ _he_sent in_all the_people_of Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) and_he_gathered DOM the_prophets to the_mountain_of (the)_Karmel/(Carmel).
21And_ ʼĒliyyāh _he_drew_near to all_of the_people and_he/it_said until when will_you(pl) be_limping on the_two_of the_crutches if YHWH the_ʼElohīm walk after_him and_if (the)_Baˊal walk after_him and_not they_answered the_people DOM_him/it a_message.
22And_ ʼĒliyyāh _he/it_said to the_people I I_am_left a_prophet to/for_YHWH I_alone and_the_prophets_of (the)_Baˊal are_four hundred(s) and_fifty man.
23And_they_give to/for_us two young_bulls and_let_them_choose to/for_them the_young_bull the_one and_let_them_cut_it_in_pieces and_let_them_put on the_wood(s) and_fire not they_will_set and_I I_will_prepare DOM the_young_bull the_one and_I_will_put on the_wood(s) and_fire not I_will_set.
24And_you(pl)_will_call in/on_name_of your(pl)_god_of_of and_I I_will_call on_the_name_of YHWH and_it_was the_ʼElohīm who he_will_answer by_fire he the_ʼElohīm and_ all_of _it_answered the_people and_they_said is_good the_message.
25And_ ʼĒliyyāh _he/it_said to_the_prophets_of (the)_Baˊal choose to/for_you(pl) the_young_bull the_one and_prepare_it first if/because you(pl) are_the_many and_call in/on_name_of your(pl)_god_of_of and_fire not you(pl)_will_set.
26And_they_took DOM the_young_bull which someone_gave to/for_them and_they_prepared_it and_they_called on_the_name_of (the)_Baˊal from_the_morning and_unto the_noontide(s) to_say Oh_Baˊal answer_us and_there_was_not a_voice and_there_was_not one_who_answered and_they_limped_around at the_altar which he_had_made.
27And_he/it_was at_noontide(s) and_he_mocked (is)_in_them ʼĒliyyāh and_he/it_said call_out with_a_voice great if/because is_a_god he if/because musing and_because/when a_going_away to_him/it and_because/when a_journey to_him/it perhaps is_sleeping he and_he_will_awake.
28And_they_called_out with_a_voice great and_they_cut_themselves according_to_of_their_custom with_swords and_with_spears until poured_out blood over_them.
29And_he/it_was just_as_passed the_noontide(s) and_they_prophesied until (to)_goes_up the_offering and_there_was_not a_voice and_there_was_not one_who_answered and_there_was_not attentiveness.
30And_ ʼĒliyyāh _he/it_said to/from_all/each/any/every the_people draw_near to_me and_ all_of _they_drew_near the_people to_him/it and_he_repaired DOM the_altar_of YHWH which_had_been_torn_down.
31And_ ʼĒliyyāh _he/it_took two_plus ten stones according_to_the_number_of the_tribes_of the_sons_of Yaˊₐqoⱱ/(Jacob) whom the_message_of it_had_come of_YHWH to_him/it to_ Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) _say it_will_be name_of_your.
32And_he_built DOM the_stones an_altar in/on_name_of YHWH and_he/it_made a_trench like_a_receptacle_of two_seahs seed around (to)_altar.
33And_he_arranged DOM the_wood(s) and_he_cut_it_in_pieces DOM the_young_bull and_he/it_assigned on the_wood(s).
34And_he/it_said fill four jars water and_pour_it on the_burnt_offering and_on the_wood(s)[fn] and_he/it_said do_it_again and_they_did_it_again and_he/it_said do_it_a_third_time and_they_did_it_a_third_time.
35And_they_went the_waters around (to)_altar and_also DOM the_trench he_filled water.
36And_he/it_was when_went_up the_offering and_ ʼĒliyyāh _he_drew_near the_prophet and_he_said Oh_YHWH the_god_of ʼAⱱrāhām Yiʦḩāq/(Isaac) and_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) the_day let_it_be_known if/because_that you are_god in_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) and_I servant_of_am_your and_at_your(pl)_of_message[fn] I_have_done DOM all_of the_things the_these.
37Answer_me Oh_YHWH answer_me so_that_they_may_know the_people the_this if/because_that you Oh_YHWH the_ʼElohīm and_you(ms) you_have_turned_around DOM heart_of_their backwards.
38And_ the_fire_of _it_fell of_YHWH and_she/it_ate DOM the_burnt_offering and_DOM the_wood(s) and_DOM the_stones and_DOM the_dust and_DOM the_waters which was_in_trench it_licked_up.
39And_ all_of _he/it_saw the_people and_they_fell on faces_of_their and_they_said YHWH he the_ʼElohīm YHWH he the_ʼElohīm.
40And_ ʼĒliyyāh _he/it_said to/for_them seize DOM the_prophets_of (the)_Baˊal anyone not let_him_escape from_them and_they_seized_them and_he_brought_them_down ʼĒliyyāh to the_wadi_of Qīshōn and_he_slaughtered_them there.
41And_ ʼĒliyyāh _he/it_said to_ʼAḩʼāⱱ go_up eat and_drink if/because the_sound_of the_noise_of (the)_rain.
42And_ ʼAḩʼāⱱ _he_went_up to_eat and_to_drink and_ʼĒliyyāh he_went_up to the_top_of (the)_Karmel/(Carmel) and_he_bent_down towards_land and_he/it_assigned his/its_faces/face between knees_of_his[fn].
43And_he/it_said to servant_of_his go_up please look the_direction_of the_sea and_he/it_ascended and_he_looked and_he/it_said there_is_not anything and_he/it_said go_back seven times.
44And_he/it_was at_time and_he/it_said there a_cloud small like_the_palm_of a_person is_coming_up from_the_sea and_he/it_said go_up say to ʼAḩʼāⱱ harness and_go_down and_not it_will_hold_you_back the_rain.
45And_he/it_was until thus and_unto thus and_the_heavens they_grew_dark clouds and_spirit and_he/it_was rain great and_ ʼAḩʼāⱱ _he_rode and_he/it_went to_Yizrəˊʼēl/(Jezreel).
46And_the_hand_of YHWH it_was to ʼĒliyyāh and_he_girded_up loins_of_his and_he_ran to_(the)_face_of/in_front_of/before ʼAḩʼāⱱ until your(ms)_going to_Yizrəˊʼēl/(Jezreel).

18:34 Note: KJB: 1Kgs.18.34

18:36 OSHB variant note: ו/ב/דברי/ך: (x-qere) ’וּ/בִ/דְבָרְ/ךָ֣’: lemma_c/b/1697 morph_HC/R/Ncmsc/Sp2ms id_11VuX וּ/בִ/דְבָרְ/ךָ֣

18:42 OSHB variant note: ברכ/ו: (x-qere) ’בִּרְכָּֽי/ו’: lemma_1290 n_0 morph_HNcfdc/Sp3ms id_11qFQ בִּרְכָּֽי/ו

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Prophets of the Old Testament before 800 B.C.

If you ask someone today what biblical prophets did, they will likely tell you that they divinely foretold of future events. While this was often the case, most prophets in the Bible focused as much on “forthtelling” God’s messages as they did on “foretelling” the future. That is, their primary role was to simply “forthtell” divinely acquired messages to leaders and groups of people, and at times that included foretelling of coming judgment, blessing, rescue, etc. Also, though plenty of prophets (sometimes called “seers” in Scripture) often spoke in confrontational or eccentric language that put them at odds with kings and religious leaders, the biblical writers also applied the term prophet to people who communicated God’s messages in ways that many readers today might not think of as prophecy, such as worship leaders appointed by David to “prophesy with lyres, harps, and cymbals” (1 Chronicles 25:1). Similarly, the books of Joshua, Judges, 1 & 2 Samuel, and 1 & 2 Kings are typically categorized as history by Christians, but in the Hebrew canon they belong to the category of Former Prophets. The Lord raised up prophets throughout all of biblical history, from the giving of the law under Moses to the revelation of the last days by the apostle John, and the kings of Israel and Judah often recognized and supported specific people as official prophets of the royal court and consulted them to find out God’s perspective about official matters. Following is a list of nearly everyone designated as prophet or seer in the Old Testament and the primary area of their ministry.

• Deborah (1216 B.C.) [Judges 4:4] => Baal-tamar?
• Samuel (1070 B.C.) [1 Samuel 3:20; 1 Chronicles 29:29; 2 Chronicles 35:18] => Ramah
• Gad (1018 B.C.) [2 Samuel 24:11; 1 Chronicles 21:9; 29:29; 2 Chronicles 29:25] => Masada?
• Nathan (1000 B.C.) [2 Samuel 12:1; 1 Chronicles 29:29; 2 Chronicles 29:25] => Jerusalem
• Asaph (1000 B.C.) [2 Chronicles 29:30] => Jerusalem
• Ahijah (935 B.C.) [1 Kings 11:29; 2 Chronicles 9:29] => Jerusalem
• Shemaiah (930 B.C.) [2 Chronicles 12:2-15] => Jerusalem
• Iddo (913 B.C.) [2 Chronicles 9:29; 12:15; 13:22] => Jerusalem
• Jehu son of Hanani (890 B.C.) [1 Kings 16:1-7; 2 Chronicles 19:2] => Samaria?
• Azariah (890 B.C.) [2 Chronicles 15:1-8] => Jerusalem
• Elijah (860 B.C.) [1 Kings 18:36] => Samaria
• Micaiah (853 B.C.) [1 Kings 22:8-23; 2 Chronicles 18:7-22] => Samaria
• Jahaziel (853 B.C.) [2 Chronicles 20:14] => Jerusalem
• Eliezer (853 B.C.) [2 Chronicles 20:37] => Mareshah
• Elisha (850 B.C.) [1 Kings 19:16; 2 Kings 2:15] => Samaria
• Joel (835 B.C.) [Joel 1:1] => Jerusalem

1 KI 18 ©

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