OET interlinear NEH 1:3

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / parallelism

הַֽ⁠נִּשְׁאָרִ֞ים אֲשֶֽׁר־נִשְׁאֲר֤וּ מִן־הַ⁠שְּׁבִי֙

(Some words not found in UHB: and=they_said to=me [those,who]_remain who survived from/more_than the,captivity there in,province [are]_in,trouble great and,in,disgrace and,the_wall_of Yerushalayim broken_down and,gates_of,its burnt with,fire )

These two statements mean similar things. Nehemiah says the same thing twice, in slightly different ways, to show his concern for this group. You do not need to repeat both phrases in your translation if that would be confusing for your readers. Alternate translation: [the Jews who escaped the exile and remained]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

בַּ⁠מְּדִינָ֔ה

(Some words not found in UHB: and=they_said to=me [those,who]_remain who survived from/more_than the,captivity there in,province [are]_in,trouble great and,in,disgrace and,the_wall_of Yerushalayim broken_down and,gates_of,its burnt with,fire )

Here province refers to Judah as an administrative district within the Persian Empire. Hanani is describing Judah by referring to something associated with it, its status as a province. Alternate translation: [in the province of Judah] or [in Judah]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / doublet

בְּ⁠רָעָ֥ה גְדֹלָ֖ה וּ⁠בְ⁠חֶרְפָּ֑ה

(Some words not found in UHB: and=they_said to=me [those,who]_remain who survived from/more_than the,captivity there in,province [are]_in,trouble great and,in,disgrace and,the_wall_of Yerushalayim broken_down and,gates_of,its burnt with,fire )

Difficulty and reproach mean similar things. Hanani uses them together to emphasize what a desperate situation the people are in. You do not need to repeat both words in your translation if that would be confusing for your readers. Alternate translation: [in a perilous situation]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

בְּ⁠רָעָ֥ה גְדֹלָ֖ה וּ⁠בְ⁠חֶרְפָּ֑ה

(Some words not found in UHB: and=they_said to=me [those,who]_remain who survived from/more_than the,captivity there in,province [are]_in,trouble great and,in,disgrace and,the_wall_of Yerushalayim broken_down and,gates_of,its burnt with,fire )

The abstract noun difficulty refers to a situation that is very hard for the people to live in. It describes a situation that is dangerous and insecure for the people in it. You can translate this idea with an adjective such as “bad.” Alternate translation: [in a very bad situation]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

וּ⁠בְ⁠חֶרְפָּ֑ה

(Some words not found in UHB: and=they_said to=me [those,who]_remain who survived from/more_than the,captivity there in,province [are]_in,trouble great and,in,disgrace and,the_wall_of Yerushalayim broken_down and,gates_of,its burnt with,fire )

Reproach is an abstract noun that describes how other people would see the situation of the Jews. The situation would lead them to say bad things about them. you could translate this idea with a verb such as “mock.” Alternate translation: [and people are mocking them.]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

וְ⁠חוֹמַ֤ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ מְפֹרָ֔צֶת וּ⁠שְׁעָרֶ֖י⁠הָ נִצְּת֥וּ בָ⁠אֵֽשׁ

and,the_wall_of (Some words not found in UHB: and=they_said to=me [those,who]_remain who survived from/more_than the,captivity there in,province [are]_in,trouble great and,in,disgrace and,the_wall_of Yerushalayim broken_down and,gates_of,its burnt with,fire )

You can say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: [armies have broken open the wall of Jerusalem and have set its gates on fire]

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

וְ⁠חוֹמַ֤ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ מְפֹרָ֔צֶת וּ⁠שְׁעָרֶ֖י⁠הָ נִצְּת֥וּ בָ⁠אֵֽשׁ

and,the_wall_of (Some words not found in UHB: and=they_said to=me [those,who]_remain who survived from/more_than the,captivity there in,province [are]_in,trouble great and,in,disgrace and,the_wall_of Yerushalayim broken_down and,gates_of,its burnt with,fire )

The implication is that the people are now defenseless. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: [The people living there have no protection.]

נִצְּת֥וּ בָ⁠אֵֽשׁ

(Some words not found in UHB: and=they_said to=me [those,who]_remain who survived from/more_than the,captivity there in,province [are]_in,trouble great and,in,disgrace and,the_wall_of Yerushalayim broken_down and,gates_of,its burnt with,fire )

If saying that something is burned with fire is redundant in your language, you can just say, completely burned. Alternate translation: [burned down]