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InterlinearVerse GEN EXO LEV NUM DEU JOB JOS JDG RUTH 1 SAM 2 SAM PSA AMOS HOS 1 KI 2 KI 1 CHR 2 CHR PROV ECC SNG JOEL MIC ISA ZEP HAB JER LAM YNA (JNA) NAH OBA DAN EZE EZRA EST NEH HAG ZEC MAL LAO GES LES ESG DNG 2 PS TOB JDT WIS SIR BAR LJE PAZ SUS BEL MAN 1 MAC 2 MAC 3 MAC 4 MAC YHN (JHN) MARK MAT LUKE ACTs YAC (JAM) GAL 1 TH 2 TH 1 COR 2 COR ROM COL PHM EPH PHP 1 TIM TIT 1 PET 2 PET 2 TIM HEB YUD (JUD) 1 YHN (1 JHN) 2 YHN (2 JHN) 3 YHN (3 JHN) REV
2 Pet 2 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22
OET (OET-LV) and having_reduced_to_ashes the_cities of_Sodoma/(Şədom) and Gomorra/(ˊAmorāh) condemned them, having_presented an_example of_going to_be_acting_ungodly
OET (OET-RV) and if he reduced the cities of Sodom and Amorah (Gomorrah) to ashes by a catastrophe which condemned them to being an example of what the ungodly will become,
In this section, Peter warned the people who read his letter against false teachers who behaved wickedly and who would try to encourage believers to behave in the same immoral way as they did. But God would certainly destroy these false teachers.
Many of the verses in this section are similar to verses in Jude’s letter. Whoever wrote second, Peter or Jude, may have had a copy of the other one’s letter and used words and ideas out of that letter. Or perhaps someone else had written something with similar words and ideas in it, and Peter and Jude both used words and ideas from that writing. Why these two letters are so similar is not the most important thing. But if you have already translated Jude, it is important to have that translation open in front of you while you are studying and translating this section of 2 Peter. However be careful not to copy any verse exactly from Jude’s letter to your translation of 2 Peter, because there are differences between them which must remain in your translation.
Peter wrote this paragraph mainly to support what he said in 2:3b–c. He supported what he had said by telling three examples from the OT of how God punished wicked people and rescued people who obeyed him. These were examples with which the people to whom he wrote this letter would have been familiar.
In the Greek this whole paragraph is one long sentence, but it may be necessary for you to break it up. Read GNT and notice how that version has broken the one sentence into several shorter sentences. Perhaps you should begin this paragraph with “See” or “You know that.” Think about whether that would help people who read your translation to understand that Peter was starting to prove a point here. You may even need to repeat the “See” or “You know that” each time Peter used a new example.
Although verses 4, 5, 6, 7 and 9 begin with “if” in the BSB, this is not because the events which Peter was talking about may not have happened. These events all did happen. This use of “if” in English (and Greek) was to prove a point, here what Peter said in verse 9. The GNT shows one way to communicate this meaning without using the word “if” at all.
The third example Peter gave in this chapter is of the wicked people of the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. God sent down fire upon these cities and destroyed them so completely that nothing was left of them but ashes. This also shows that God will punish ungodly, wicked people. You can read about this in Genesis 19:1–29.
if He condemned the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah to destruction, reducing them to ashes
You(plur) also know that long ago God condemned the people who lived in the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah because they had done wicked things and he burned them and their cities completely until only ash remained.
You(plur) also know that long ago God decided that the people of the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah deserved to be punished because of the wicked things they had done. Therefore he destroyed them and their cities by burning them completely until only ashes were left.
if He condemned…to destruction, reducing them to ashes: God, as a judge, had looked at the evil way the people of Sodom and Gomorrah were behaving and decided that they deserved to be punished.
condemned…to destruction: The version of the Greek Bible that the BSB follows, says condemned…to destruction (instead of just “condemned”). Here are some other translations that follow this text:
he condemned them to extinction (RSV)
condemned them to total destruction (NEB)
Whether you use the translation condemned…to destruction or simply “condemned", the basic meaning is the same.
the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah: Although Peter said that God condemned the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah, he meant that God condemned the people who were in those cities. It may be necessary for you to make that clear in your translation.
as an example of what is coming on the ungodly;
When he did this, he showed people that he will punish those people who disregard him.
When he punished them like this, he showed what will happen to people who do not fear him.
the ungodly: See the note on 2:5a.
Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-condition-fact
καὶ
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: καί πόλεις Σοδόμων καί Γομόρρας τεφρώσας κατέκρινεν ὑπόδειγμα μελλόντων ἀσεβεῖν τεθεικώς)
Here, and indicates the beginning of the third condition in a conditional sentence that extends from [2:4](../02/04.md) to [2:10](../02/10.md). Peter is speaking as if this were a hypothetical possibility, but he means that it is actually true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might think that what Peter is saying is not certain, then you could translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: [Since]
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / infostructure
καὶ πόλεις Σοδόμων καὶ Γομόρρας τεφρώσας καταστροφῇ κατέκρινεν
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: καί πόλεις Σοδόμων καί Γομόρρας τεφρώσας κατέκρινεν ὑπόδειγμα μελλόντων ἀσεβεῖν τεθεικώς)
If it would be natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: [and he condemned the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah to destruction, having reduced them to ashes]
πόλεις Σοδόμων καὶ Γομόρρας τεφρώσας
˓the˒_cities ˱of˲_Sodom (Some words not found in SR-GNT: καί πόλεις Σοδόμων καί Γομόρρας τεφρώσας κατέκρινεν ὑπόδειγμα μελλόντων ἀσεβεῖν τεθεικώς)
This phrase indicates the means by which God destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah. Alternate translation: [by means of reducing the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah to ashes]
Note 3 topic: writing-pronouns
καταστροφῇ κατέκρινεν
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: καί πόλεις Σοδόμων καί Γομόρρας τεφρώσας κατέκρινεν ὑπόδειγμα μελλόντων ἀσεβεῖν τεθεικώς)
Here, he refers to God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: [God condemned them to destruction]
Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns
καταστροφῇ κατέκρινεν
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: καί πόλεις Σοδόμων καί Γομόρρας τεφρώσας κατέκρινεν ὑπόδειγμα μελλόντων ἀσεβεῖν τεθεικώς)
If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the abstract noun destruction by translating the idea behind it with an verb, such as “destroy.” Alternate translation: [he condemned them to be destroyed]
Note 5 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result
ὑπόδειγμα μελλόντων ἀσεβέσιν τεθεικώς
˓an˒_example ˱of˲_going (Some words not found in SR-GNT: καί πόλεις Σοδόμων καί Γομόρρας τεφρώσας κατέκρινεν ὑπόδειγμα μελλόντων ἀσεβεῖν τεθεικώς)
This clause indicates the result of what happened in the previous clauses of the verse. God’s destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah resulted in them being an example and a warning of what happens to others who disobey God. Alternate translation: [with the result that God set them as an example of the things that will happen to the ungodly]
Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / genericnoun
ἀσεβέσιν
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: καί πόλεις Σοδόμων καί Γομόρρας τεφρώσας κατέκρινεν ὑπόδειγμα μελλόντων ἀσεβεῖν τεθεικώς)
Here, ungodly refers to wicked people in general, not to one specific wicked person. Alternate translation: [to an ungodly person] or [to ungodly people]
2:6 The third example of judgment is that God condemned the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. The people of these cities were so immoral that God rained down sulfur from heaven to destroy them (Gen 19:24). Peter focuses on the result of this action: The cities were turned into heaps of ashes.
OET (OET-LV) and having_reduced_to_ashes the_cities of_Sodoma/(Şədom) and Gomorra/(ˊAmorāh) condemned them, having_presented an_example of_going to_be_acting_ungodly
OET (OET-RV) and if he reduced the cities of Sodom and Amorah (Gomorrah) to ashes by a catastrophe which condemned them to being an example of what the ungodly will become,
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.