uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

γὰρ

for

For indicates here that Peter is giving the reason for the result he implicitly described in the previous verse. He is saying why the destruction of the false teachers is certain. Alternate translation: [This is because]

Note 2 topic: grammar-connect-condition-fact

εἰ

if

Connecting Statement:

Here, if indicates the beginning of a conditional sentence that extends from 2:4 to 2:10. Peter is speaking as if this were a hypothetical possibility, but he means that it is actually true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might think that what Peter is saying is not certain, then you could translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: [Since God did not spare the angels who had sinned]

οὐκ ἐφείσατο

not spared

Here, spare means “to refrain from punishing.” Alternate translation: [did not refrain from punishing]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / distinguish

ἀγγέλων ἁμαρτησάντων

˱of˲_/the/_angels /having/_sinned

Peter uses who had sinned to distinguish the angels who were punished by God from those that were not.

Note 4 topic: translate-textvariants

σειροῖς ζόφου

˱to˲_pits ˱of˲_darkness

Some of the best ancient manuscripts read “pits” instead of “chains.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it has. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading in the ULT.

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

σειροῖς ζόφου

˱to˲_pits ˱of˲_darkness

This phrase could refer to: (1) chains in a very dark place. Alternate translation: [in chains in darkness] (2) a very deep darkness that imprisons them like chains. Alternate translation: [bound in darkness like chains]

Note 6 topic: translate-names

ταρταρώσας

/having/_committed_to_Tartarus_‹them›

The word Tartarus is a term from Ancient Greek religion that refers to the place where evil spirits and wicked men who have died are punished. Some Ancient Jewish literature written in Greek uses Tartarus as a term for the place where God punishes the wicked. Alternate translation: [he cast them into hell]

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

παρέδωκεν

gave_over_‹them›

God is the one who handed over the angels who had sinned. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that explicit in your translation. Alternate translation: [God handed over]

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

παρέδωκεν

gave_over_‹them›

Here, Peter speaks of God imprisoning the angels who sinned like someone who has handed over a criminal to the prison guards for imprisonment. Alternate translation: [imprisoned]

Note 9 topic: grammar-connect-logic-goal

εἰς κρίσιν

for judgment

This phrase gives the purpose or goal for which the sinning angels are being held in captivity. Alternate translation: [for the purpose of judgment]

Note 10 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

εἰς κρίσιν

for judgment

If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the abstract noun judgment by translating it with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: [to be judged]

Note 11 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

εἰς κρίσιν τηρουμένους

for judgment /being/_kept

This phrase refers to the sinful angels mentioned earlier in the verse. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express this explicitly. Alternate translation: [those sinful angels who are being kept for judgment]

Note 12 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

εἰς κρίσιν τηρουμένους

for judgment /being/_kept

If your language does not use this passive form, you can express this with an active verbal form and you can indicate who is doing the action. Alternate translation: [those whom God is keeping for judgment]