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Text critical issues=small word differences Clarity of original=clear Importance=normal (All still tentative.)
OET (OET-RV) Couriers delivered the letters to the officials in every province in the empire. The letters said to completely destroy all the Jews, including the children and women, on a single day. That was to be the thirteenth day of March early in the following year. The letters also stated that those who killed the Jews could take everything that belonged to them.
OET-LV And_sent documents in/on/at/with_hand_of the_couriers to all the_provinces the_king to_destroy to_kill and_to_annihilate DOM all the_Jews from_young and_unto old_[man] little_one[s] and_women in/on_day one in/on/at/with_three teen of_month two_[plus] ten that [is]_the_month of_Adar and_goods_their to_plunder.
UHB וְנִשְׁל֨וֹחַ סְפָרִ֜ים בְּיַ֣ד הָרָצִים֮ אֶל־כָּל־מְדִינ֣וֹת הַמֶּלֶךְ֒ לְהַשְׁמִ֡יד לַהֲרֹ֣ג וּלְאַבֵּ֣ד אֶת־כָּל־הַ֠יְּהוּדִים מִנַּ֨עַר וְעַד־זָקֵ֜ן טַ֤ף וְנָשִׁים֙ בְּי֣וֹם אֶחָ֔ד בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר לְחֹ֥דֶשׁ שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֖ר הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֑ר וּשְׁלָלָ֖ם לָבֽוֹז׃ ‡
(vənishlōaḩ şəfārim bəyad hārāʦīm ʼel-kāl-mədīnōt hammelek ləhashmid lahₐrog ūləʼabēd ʼet-kāl-hayyəhūdīm minnaˊar vəˊad-zāqēn ţaf vənāshīm bəyōm ʼeḩād bishəlōshāh ˊāsār ləḩodesh shənēym-ˊāsār hūʼ-ḩodesh ʼₐdār ūshəlālām lāⱱōz.)
Key: khaki:verbs.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).
BrLXX No BrLXX EST book available
BrTr No BrTr EST book available
ULT And letters were sent by the hand of runners to all of the provinces of the king, to annihilate, to slaughter, and to destroy all the Jews from young even to old, children and women, in one day, on the thirteenth of month 12 (which is the month of Adar), and to plunder their spoils.
UST Couriers delivered the letters to the officials in every province in the empire. The letters said to completely destroy all the Jews, including the children and women, on a single day. That was to be the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, the month of Adar, in that same year. The letters also said that those who killed the Jews could take everything that belonged to them.
BSB § And the letters were sent by couriers to each of the royal provinces with the order to destroy, kill, and annihilate all the Jews—young and old, women and children—and to plunder their possessions on a single day, the thirteenth day of Adar, the twelfth month.
OEB Dispatches were sent by couriers to all the king’s provinces, saying: Destroy, kill, put an end to all the Jews, young and old, little children and women, on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, and plunder their possessions.
WEBBE Letters were sent by couriers into all the king’s provinces, to destroy, to kill, and to cause to perish, all Jews, both young and old, little children and women, in one day, even on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, and to plunder their possessions.
WMBB (Same as above)
NET Letters were sent by the runners to all the king’s provinces stating that they should destroy, kill, and annihilate all the Jews, from youth to elderly, both women and children, on a particular day, namely the thirteenth day of the twelfth month (that is, the month of Adar), and to loot and plunder their possessions.
LSV and letters to be sent by the hand of the runners to all provinces of the king, to cut off, to slay, and to destroy all the Jews, from young even to old, infant and women, on one day, on the thirteenth of the twelfth month—it [is] the month of Adar—and to seize their spoil,
FBV Letters were sent by messenger to all the provinces in the king's empire with orders to destroy, kill, and annihilate all Jews, young and old, women and children, and confiscate their possessions, all in one day—the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, the month of Adar.
T4T On April 17th Haman summoned the king’s secretaries, and he dictated a letter to them that they translated and wrote to all the governors and administrators and other officials in all the provinces. They wrote copies of the letter in every language and every kind of writing/alphabet that was used in the empire. They wrote that all the Jews, including young people and old people, women and children, had to be killed on one day. That day was March 7th of the following year. They also wrote that those who killed the Jews could take everything that belonged to the Jews. They signed the king’s name at the end of the letters. Then they sealed the letters with wax, and stamped the wax by using the king’s ring. Then they sent the letters swiftly to every province in the empire,
LEB Letters were sent by couriers[fn] to all the provinces of the king to destroy, to kill, and to annihilate all the Jews, both young and old,[fn] women and children, on one day, the thirteenth day of the month, that is Adar, and to plunder their goods.
BBE And letters were sent by the runners into every division of the kingdom ordering the death and destruction of all Jews, young and old, little children and women, on the same day, even the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, the month Adar, and the taking of all their goods by force.
Moff No Moff EST book available
JPS And letters were sent by posts into all the king's provinces, to destroy, to slay, and to cause to perish, all Jews, both young and old, little children and women, in one day, even upon the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, and to take the spoil of them for a prey.
ASV And letters were sent by posts into all the king’s provinces, to destroy, to slay, and to cause to perish, all Jews, both young and old, little children and women, in one day, even upon the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, and to take the spoil of them for a prey.
DRA Were sent by the king’s messengers to all provinces, to kill and destroy all the Jews, both young and old, little children, and women, in one day, that is, on the thirteenth of the twelfth month, which is called Adar, and to make a spoil of their goods.
YLT and letters to be sent by the hand of the runners unto all provinces of the king, to cut off, to slay, and to destroy all the Jews, from young even unto old, infant and women, on one day, on the thirteenth of the twelfth month — it [is] the month of Adar — and their spoil to seize,
Drby And the letters were sent by couriers into all the king's provinces, to destroy, to kill, and to cause to perish, all Jews, both young and old, little children and women, in one day, upon the thirteenth of the twelfth month, that is, the month Adar, and [to take] the spoil of them for a prey.
RV And letters were sent by posts into all the king’s provinces, to destroy, to slay, and to cause to perish, all Jews, both young and old, little children and women, in one day, even upon the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, and to take the spoil of them for a prey.
Wbstr And the letters were sent by posts into all the king's provinces, to destroy, to kill, and to cause to perish, all Jews, both young and old, little children and women, in one day, even upon the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, and to take the spoil of them for a prey.
KJB-1769 And the letters were sent by posts into all the king’s provinces, to destroy, to kill, and to cause to perish, all Jews, both young and old, little children and women, in one day, even upon the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, and to take the spoil of them for a prey.
KJB-1611 And the letters were sent by posts into all the kings prouinces, to destroy, to kill, and to cause to perish all Iewes, both yong and olde, litle children and women, in one day, euen vpon the thirteenth day of the twelfth moneth (which is the moneth Adar) and to take the spoile of them for a pray.
(And the letters were sent by posts into all the kings provinces, to destroy, to kill, and to cause to perish all Yewes, both young and old, little children and women, in one day, even upon the thirteenth day of the twelfth month (which is the month Adar) and to take the spoil of them for a pray.)
Bshps And the letters were sent by postes into all the kinges prouinces, to roote out, to kill, and to destroy all Iewes both young and olde, children and women in one day namely vpon the thirteenth day of the twelfth moneth (which is the moneth Adar) & to spoyle the as a pray.par
(And the letters were sent by posts into all the kings provinces, to root out, to kill, and to destroy all Yews both young and old, children and women in one day namely upon the thirteenth day of the twelfth month (which is the month Adar) and to spoil thee/you as a pray.par)
Gnva And the letters were sent by postes into all the Kings prouinces, to roote out, to kill and to destroy all the Iewes, both yong and olde, children and women, in one day vpon the thirteenth day of the twelft moneth, (which is the moneth Adar) and to spoyle them as a pray.
(And the letters were sent by posts into all the Kings provinces, to root out, to kill and to destroy all the Yewes, both young and old, children and women, in one day upon the thirteenth day of the twelft month, (which is the month Adar) and to spoil them as a pray. )
Cvdl And the wrytynges were sent by postes in to all the kynges lodes, to rote out, to kyll, and to destroye all Iewes, both yonge and olde, childre and wemen in one daye (namely vpon the thirtenth daye of the twolueth moneth, which is the moneth Adar) and to spoyle their goodes.
(And the wrytynges were sent by posts in to all the kings lodes, to root out, to kyll, and to destroy all Yewes, both young and old, children and women in one day (namely upon the thirtenth day of the twelveth month, which is the month Adar) and to spoil their goodes.)
Wycl the ring of the kyng weren sent bi the corouris of the kyng to alle hise prouynces, that thei schulden sle, and `do awei alle Jewis, fro a child to an eld man, litle children and wymmen, in o dai, that is, in the thrittenthe dai of the tweluethe monethe, which is clepid Adar; and that thei schulden take awei the goodis of Jewis.
(the ring of the king were sent by the corouris of the king to all his provinces, that they should sle, and `do away all Yewis, from a child to an old man, little children and women, in o day, that is, in the thrittenthe day of the twelvethe month, which is called Adar; and that they should take away the goods of Yewis.)
Luth Und die Briefe wurden gesandt durch die Läufer in alle Länder des Königs, zu vertilgen, zu erwürgen und umzubringen alle Juden, beide jung und alt, Kinder und Weiber, auf einen Tag, nämlich auf den dreizehnten Tag des zwölften Monden, das ist der Mond Adar, und ihr Gut zu rauben.
(And the Briefe became sent through the Läufer in all Länder the kings, to vertilgen, to erwürgen and umzubringen all Yuden, both jung and alt, children and women, on a Tag, namely on the threezehnten Tag the zwölften Monden, the is the/of_the moon Adar, and you/their/her Gut to rauben.)
ClVg missæ sunt per cursores regis ad universas provincias, ut occiderent atque delerent omnes Judæos, a puero usque ad senem, parvulos et mulieres, uno die, hoc est tertiodecimo mensis duodecimi, qui vocatur Adar; et bona eorum diriperent.
(missæ are through cursores king to universas provincias, as occiderent atque delerent everyone Yudæos, from puero until to senem, parvulos and mulieres, uno die, this it_is tertiodecimo mensis duodecimi, who is_called Adar; and good their diriperent. )
3:13 The phrase killed, slaughtered, and annihilated is repeated with ironic effect in 8:11 and 9:5.
• on March 7 of the next year: Haman’s “lucky day” that was chosen by casting lots (3:7) was eleven months after the decree, by God’s providence, giving time to overcome the decree.
• The property of the Jews would be given to those who killed them: Haman ingeniously bribed the would-be executioners.
Ethnic Hatred
Selfish pride, a desire to maintain power, and hatred for those who stand in the way have often been the basis for the persecution of racial or religious groups. Many people have died through the centuries because of such hatred.
In the book of Esther, Haman hated Mordecai because Mordecai would not bow down as everyone else did when Haman passed by (Esth 3:1-5). Haman thus despised a man of integrity who would not obey laws that were against his convictions. This personal hatred of Mordecai the Jew developed into a murderous desire to destroy all Jews (3:6). His charge against the Jewish people was what he hated in Mordecai: They did not assimilate with other people, they had unique laws and customs, and they did not obey some of the laws of the king (3:8).
The Spanish Inquisition (1400s) and the Holocaust in Nazi Germany (1930s–40s) were other terrible attempts to wipe the Jewish people off the face of the earth. Religious and ethnic hatred still leads to diabolical plans today.
God disapproves of such hatred against any ethnic or religious group, and he will eventually hold accountable those who attempt to carry out such plots (see Deut 30:7; Pss 21:7-11; 34:19-21; 44:7). God has repeatedly saved the Jewish people and defeated their enemies, for God is faithful to all his promises (see Rom 9–11). He will similarly preserve his church through all persecution (see Matt 16:18; Rom 8:26-39).
Passages for Further Study
Gen 46:33-34; Deut 7:1-6; 23:3-8; Esth 3:1-9; Matt 15:22-28; Luke 4:27; Acts 10:34-35; Rom 9:1–11:36; Gal 3:26-29; Eph 2:14
Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive
וְנִשְׁל֨וֹחַ סְפָרִ֜ים
and,sent letters
You can say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. For example, you can say, “couriers delivered the letters.”
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor
בְּיַ֣ד הָרָצִים֮
in/on/at/with,hand_of the,couriers
Here, hand could mean two different things: (1) It could literally mean “hand,” meaning that the couriers carried the letters in their hands. Alternate translation: “couriers hand-delivered the documents” (2) “Hand” could also be a metaphor for power, control, or authority, meaning that couriers were the ones who delivered the letters to all the provinces throughout the empire. Alternate translation: “couriers gave the documents directly”
Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy
אֶל־כָּל־מְדִינ֣וֹת הַמֶּלֶךְ֒
to/towards all/each/any/every provinces the=king
Haman did not send the letters to the provinces (the geographical territories) themselves. Rather, he sent them to the officials in every province in the empire. The story is using the word “province” to refer to these officials by something associated with them, the territories they ruled. Your translation should make clear that the letters were sent to people, not places.
Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / doublet
לְהַשְׁמִ֡יד לַהֲרֹ֣ג וּלְאַבֵּ֣ד
to,destroy to,kill and,to,annihilate
These words mean the same thing. They are used together to emphasize the completeness of the destruction that is envisioned. You could combine them as UST does and say something like “completely destroy.” (A “doublet” can use more than two words.
Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / merism
מִנַּ֨עַר וְעַד־זָקֵ֜ן
from,young and=unto old
This is a figure of speech that describes all of something by naming two extreme parts of it in order to include everything in between. You could express its meaning as UST does and say something like “every single one of them.” Alternate translation: “including young people and old people”
טַ֤ף וְנָשִׁים֙
children and,women
Alternate translation: “including the children and the women”
Note 6 topic: translate-numbers
בְּי֣וֹם אֶחָ֔ד
in/on=day one(ms)
Alternate translation: “on a single day”
Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit
בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר
in/on/at/with,three ten
Implicitly, this means “the thirteenth day of the twelfth month of that same year.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could say that explicitly.
Note 8 topic: translate-ordinal
בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר
in/on/at/with,three ten
Alternate translation: “on day thirteen”
Note 9 topic: translate-ordinal
לְחֹ֥דֶשׁ שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֖ר
of,month two ten
Alternate translation: “of month twelve”
Note 10 topic: translate-hebrewmonths
הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֑ר
he/it month Adar
This is the name of the twelfth month of the Hebrew calendar. See how you decided in 2:16 and 3:7 to express dates that the story gives according to the Hebrew calendar.
וּשְׁלָלָ֖ם לָבֽוֹז
and,goods,their to,plunder
This means that the letters also said that those who killed the Jews could take everything that belonged to them.