EST 3:13 Parallel Verse View

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Text critical issues=small word differences Clarity of original=clear Importance to us=normal Speaker(s)=Narrator (All still tentative.)

Key: khaki:verbs.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).

BrLXX (ESG 3:13) Καὶ ἀπεστάλη διὰ βιβλιοφόρων εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου βασιλείαν, ἀφανίσαι τὸ γένος τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐν ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ μηνὸς δωδεκάτου, ὅς ἐστιν Ἀδὰρ, καὶ διαρπάσαι τὰ ὑπάρχοντα αὐτῶν.
(Kai apestalaʸ dia biblioforōn eis taʸn Artaxerxou basileian, afanisai to genos tōn Youdaiōn en haʸmera mia maʸnos dōdekatou, hos estin Adar, kai diarpasai ta huparⱪonta autōn.)

BrLXX (ESG 3:13a) “Τῆς δὲ ἐπιστολῆς ἐστι τὸ ἀντίγραφον τόδε. Βασιλεὺς μέγας Ἀρταξέρξης τοῖς ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰνδικῆς ἕως τῆς Αἰθιοπίας ἑκατὸν εἰκοσιεπτὰ χωρῶν ἄρχουσι καὶ τοπάρχαις ὑποτεταγμένοις τάδε γράφει.
(“Taʸs de epistolaʸs esti to antigrafon tode. Basileus megas Artaxerxaʸs tois apo taʸs Indikaʸs heōs taʸs Aithiopias hekaton eikosiepta ⱪōrōn arⱪousi kai toparⱪais hupotetagmenois tade grafei.)

BrLXX (ESG 3:13b) Πολλῶν ἐπάρξας ἐθνῶν, καὶ πάσης ἐπικρατήσας οἰκουμένης, ἐβουλήθην, μὴ τῷ θράσει τῆς ἐξουσίας ἐπαιρόμενος, ἐπιεικέστερον δὲ καὶ μετὰ ἠπιότητος ἀεὶ διεξάγων τοὺς τῶν ὑποτεταγμένων ἀκυμάντους διαπαντὸς καταστῆσαι βίους, τήν τε βασιλείαν ἥμερον καὶ πορευτὴν μέχρι περάτων παρεξόμενος, ἀνανεώσασθαί τε τὴν ποθουμένην τοῖς πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις εἰρήνην.
(Pollōn eparxas ethnōn, kai pasaʸs epikrataʸsas oikoumenaʸs, eboulaʸthaʸn, maʸ tōi thrasei taʸs exousias epairomenos, epieikesteron de kai meta aʸpiotaʸtos aei diexagōn tous tōn hupotetagmenōn akumantous diapantos katastaʸsai bious, taʸn te basileian haʸmeron kai poreutaʸn meⱪri peratōn parexomenos, ananeōsasthai te taʸn pothoumenaʸn tois pasin anthrōpois eiraʸnaʸn.)

BrLXX (ESG 3:13c) Πυθομένου δέ μου τῶν συμβούλων, πῶς ἂν ἀχθείη τοῦτο ἐπὶ πέρας, ὁ σωφροσύνῃ παρʼ ἡμῖν διενέγκας, καὶ ἐν τῇ εὐνοίᾳ ἀπαραλλάκτως καὶ βεβαίᾳ πίστει ἀποδεδειγμένος, καὶ δεύτερον τῶν βασιλειῶν γέρας ἀπενηνεγμένος Ἀμὰν,
(Puthomenou de mou tōn sumboulōn, pōs an aⱪtheiaʸ touto epi peras, ho sōfrosunaʸ parʼ haʸmin dienegkas, kai en taʸ eunoia aparallaktōs kai bebaia pistei apodedeigmenos, kai deuteron tōn basileiōn geras apenaʸnegmenos Aman,)

BrLXX (ESG 3:13d) ἐπέδειξεν ἡμῖν ἐν πάσαις ταῖς κατὰ τὴν οἰκουμένην φυλαῖς ἀναμεμίχθαι δυσμενῆ λαόν τινα, τοῖς νόμοις ἀντίθετον πρὸς πᾶν ἔθνος, τά τε τῶν βασιλέων παραπέμποντας διηνεκῶς διατάγματα, πρὸς τὸ μὴ κατατίθεσθαι τὴν ὑφʼ ἡμῶν κατευθυνομένην ἀμέμπτως συναρχίαν.
(epedeixen haʸmin en pasais tais kata taʸn oikoumenaʸn fulais anamemiⱪthai dusmenaʸ laon tina, tois nomois antitheton pros pan ethnos, ta te tōn basileōn parapempontas diaʸnekōs diatagmata, pros to maʸ katatithesthai taʸn hufʼ haʸmōn kateuthunomenaʸn amemptōs sunarⱪian.)

BrLXX (ESG 3:13e) Διειληφότες οὖν τόδε τὸ ἔθνος μονώτατον ἐν ἀντιπαραγωγῇ παντὶ διαπαντὸς ἀνθρώπῳ κείμενον, διαγωγὴν νόμων ξενίζουσαν παραλλάσσον, καὶ δυσνοοῦν τοῖς ἡμετέροις πράγμασι τὰ χείριστα συντελοῦν κακὰ, καὶ πρὸς τὸ μὴ τὴν βασιλείαν εὐσταθείας τυγχάνειν·
(Dieilaʸfotes oun tode to ethnos monōtaton en antiparagōgaʸ panti diapantos anthrōpōi keimenon, diagōgaʸn nomōn xenizousan parallasson, kai dusnooun tois haʸmeterois pragmasi ta ⱪeirista sunteloun kaka, kai pros to maʸ taʸn basileian eustatheias tugⱪanein;)

BrLXX (ESG 3:13f) προστετάχαμεν οὖν τοὺς σημαινομένους ὑμῖν ἐν τοῖς γεγραμμένοις ὑπὸ Ἀμὰν τοῦ τεταγμένου ἐπὶ τῶν πραγμάτων, καὶ δευτέρου πατρὸς ἡμῶν, πάντας σὺν γυναιξὶ καὶ τέκνοις ἀπολέσαι ὁλοριζὶ, ταῖς τῶν ἐχθρῶν μαχαίραις, ἄνευ παντὸς οἴκτου καὶ φειδοῦς, τῇ τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτῃ τοῦ δωδεκάτου μηνὸς Ἄδαρ, τοῦ ἐνεστῶτος ἔτους,
(prostetaⱪamen oun tous saʸmainomenous humin en tois gegrammenois hupo Aman tou tetagmenou epi tōn pragmatōn, kai deuterou patros haʸmōn, pantas sun gunaixi kai teknois apolesai holorizi, tais tōn eⱪthrōn maⱪairais, aneu pantos oiktou kai feidous, taʸ tessareskaidekataʸ tou dōdekatou maʸnos Adar, tou enestōtos etous,)

BrLXX (ESG 3:13g) ὅπως οἱ πάλαι καὶ νῦν δυσμενεῖς ἐν ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ βιαίως εἰς τὸν ᾅδην κατελθόντες, εἰς τὸν μετέπειτα χρόνον εὐσταθῆ καὶ ἀτάραχα παρέχωσιν ἡμῖν διὰ τέλους τὰ πράγματα.”
(hopōs hoi palai kai nun dusmeneis en haʸmera mia biaiōs eis ton hadaʸn katelthontes, eis ton metepeita ⱪronon eustathaʸ kai ataraⱪa pareⱪōsin haʸmin dia telous ta pragmata.”)

BrTr (ESG 3:13) And the message was sent by posts throughout the kingdom of Artaxerxes, to destroy utterly the race of the Jews on the first day of the twelfth month, which is Adar, and to plunder their goods.

BrTr (ESG 3:13a) [And the following is the copy of the letter; The great king Artaxerxes writes thus to the rulers and inferior governors of a hundred and twenty-seven provinces, from India even to Ethiopia, who hold authority under him.

BrTr (ESG 3:13b) Ruling over many nations, and having obtained dominion over the whole world, I was minded, (not elated by the confidence of power, but ever conducting myself with great moderation and with gentleness,) to make the lives of my subjects continually tranquil, desiring both to maintain the kingdom quiet and orderly to its utmost limits, and to restore the peace desired by all men.

BrTr (ESG 3:13c) But when I had enquired of my counsellors how this should be brought to pass, Aman, who excels in soundness of judgment among us, and has been manifestly well inclined without wavering and with unshaken fidelity, and has obtained the second post in the kingdom,

BrTr (ESG 3:13d) informed us that a certain ill-disposed people is mixed up with all the tribes throughout the world, opposed in their laws to every other nation, and continually neglecting the commands of the kings, so that the united government blamelessly administered by us is not quietly established.

BrTr (ESG 3:13e) Having then conceived that this nation alone of all others is continually set in opposition to every man, introducing as a change a foreign code of laws, and injuriously plotting to accomplish the worst of evils against our interests, and against the happy establishment of the monarchy;

BrTr (ESG 3:13f) we have accordingly appointed those who are signified to you in the letters written by Aman, who is set over the public affairs and is our second governor, to destroy them all utterly with their wives and children by the swords of the enemies, without pitying or sparing any, on the fourteenth day of the twelfth month Adar, of the present year;

BrTr (ESG 3:13g) that the people aforetime and now ill-disposed to us having been violently consigned to death in one day, may hereafter secure to us continually a well constituted and quiet state of affairs.]

ULT And letters were sent by the hand of runners to all of the provinces of the king, to annihilate, to slaughter, and to destroy all the Jews from young even to old, children and women, in one day, on the thirteenth of month 12 (which is the month of Adar), and to plunder their spoils.

UST Couriers delivered the letters to the officials in every province in the empire. The letters said to completely destroy all the Jews, including the children and women, on a single day. That was to be the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, the month of Adar, in that same year. The letters also said that those who killed the Jews could take everything that belonged to them.

BSB & MSB And the letters were sent by couriers to each of the royal provinces with the order to destroy, kill, and annihilate all the Jews—young and old, women and children—and to plunder their possessions on a single day, the thirteenth day of Adar, the twelfth month

OEB Dispatches were sent by couriers to all the king’s provinces, saying: Destroy, kill, put an end to all the Jews, young and old, little children and women, on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, and plunder their possessions.

WEBBE & WMBB Letters were sent by couriers into all the king’s provinces, to destroy, to kill, and to cause to perish, all Jews, both young and old, little children and women, in one day, even on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, and to plunder their possessions.

NET Letters were sent by the runners to all the king’s provinces stating that they should destroy, kill, and annihilate all the Jews, from youth to elderly, both women and children, on a particular day, namely the thirteenth day of the twelfth month (that is, the month of Adar), and to loot and plunder their possessions.

LSV and letters to be sent by the hand of the runners to all provinces of the king, to cut off, to slay, and to destroy all the Jews, from young even to old, infant and women, on one day, on the thirteenth of the twelfth month—it [is] the month of Adar—and to seize their spoil,

FBV Letters were sent by messenger to all the provinces in the king's empire with orders to destroy, kill, and annihilate all Jews, young and old, women and children, and confiscate their possessions, all in one day—the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, the month of Adar.

T4T 12-13 On April 17th Haman summoned the king’s secretaries, and he dictated a letter to them that they translated and wrote to all the governors and administrators and other officials in all the provinces. They wrote copies of the letter in every language and every kind of writing/alphabet that was used in the empire. They wrote that all the Jews, including young people and old people, women and children, had to be killed on one day. That day was March 7th of the following year. They also wrote that those who killed the Jews could take everything that belonged to the Jews. They signed the king’s name at the end of the letters. Then they sealed the letters with wax, and stamped the wax by using the king’s ring. Then they sent the letters swiftly to every province in the empire,

LEB Letters were sent by couriers[fn] to all the provinces of the king to destroy, to kill, and to annihilate all the Jews, _⌊both young and old_⌋,[fn] women and children, on one day, the thirteenth day of the month, that is Adar, and to plunder their goods.

3:13 Or “by runners”

3:13 Literally “from young to old”

BBE And letters were sent by the runners into every division of the kingdom ordering the death and destruction of all Jews, young and old, little children and women, on the same day, even the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, the month Adar, and the taking of all their goods by force.

Moff Instructions were sent by means of couriers to all the king’s provinces, to destroy, slay, and massacre all the Jews, young men and old, children and women, in a single day, on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, the month of Adar, and to plunder their property.

JPS And letters were sent by posts into all the king's provinces, to destroy, to slay, and to cause to perish, all Jews, both young and old, little children and women, in one day, even upon the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, and to take the spoil of them for a prey.

ASV And letters were sent by posts into all the king’s provinces, to destroy, to slay, and to cause to perish, all Jews, both young and old, little children and women, in one day, even upon the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, and to take the spoil of them for a prey.

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YLT and letters to be sent by the hand of the runners unto all provinces of the king, to cut off, to slay, and to destroy all the Jews, from young even unto old, infant and women, on one day, on the thirteenth of the twelfth month — it [is] the month of Adar — and their spoil to seize,

Drby And the letters were sent by couriers into all the king's provinces, to destroy, to kill, and to cause to perish, all Jews, both young and old, little children and women, in one day, upon the thirteenth of the twelfth month, that is, the month Adar, and [to take] the spoil of them for a prey.

RV And letters were sent by posts into all the king’s provinces, to destroy, to slay, and to cause to perish, all Jews, both young and old, little children and women, in one day, even upon the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, and to take the spoil of them for a prey.

SLT And the letters were sent by the hand of the runners to all the king’s provinces, to cut off, to kill and to destroy, all the Jews, from the youth and even to the old man, the little ones and women, in one day, in the thirteenth to the twelfth month, (this the month Adar) and their spoil for plunder.

Wbstr And the letters were sent by posts into all the king's provinces, to destroy, to kill, and to cause to perish, all Jews, both young and old, little children and women, in one day, even upon the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, and to take the spoil of them for a prey.

KJB-1769 And the letters were sent by posts into all the king’s provinces, to destroy, to kill, and to cause to perish, all Jews, both young and old, little children and women, in one day, even upon the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, and to take the spoil of them for a prey.

KJB-1611 And the letters were sent by posts into all the kings prouinces, to destroy, to kill, and to cause to perish all Iewes, both yong and olde, litle children and women, in one day, euen vpon the thirteenth day of the twelfth moneth (which is the moneth Adar) and to take the spoile of them for a pray.
(And the letters were sent by posts into all the kings provinces, to destroy, to kill, and to cause to perish all Jews, both young and old, little children and women, in one day, even upon the thirteenth day of the twelfth month (which is the month Adar) and to take the spoil of them for a pray.)

Bshps And the letters were sent by postes into all the kinges prouinces, to roote out, to kill, and to destroy all Iewes both young and olde, children and women in one day namely vpon the thirteenth day of the twelfth moneth (which is the moneth Adar) & to spoyle the as a pray.par
(And the letters were sent by posts into all the kings provinces, to root out, to kill, and to destroy all Jews both young and old, children and women in one day namely upon the thirteenth day of the twelfth month (which is the month Adar) and to spoil them as a prey.)

Gnva And the letters were sent by postes into all the Kings prouinces, to roote out, to kill and to destroy all the Iewes, both yong and olde, children and women, in one day vpon the thirteenth day of the twelft moneth, (which is the moneth Adar) and to spoyle them as a pray.
(And the letters were sent by posts into all the Kings provinces, to root out, to kill and to destroy all the Jews, both young and old, children and women, in one day upon the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, (which is the month Adar) and to spoil them as a pray.)

Cvdl And the wrytynges were sent by postes in to all the kynges lodes, to rote out, to kyll, and to destroye all Iewes, both yonge and olde, childre and wemen in one daye (namely vpon the thirtenth daye of the twolueth moneth, which is the moneth Adar) and to spoyle their goodes.
(And the writings were sent by posts in to all the kings lodes, to root out, to kill, and to destroy all Jews, both young and old, children and women in one day (namely upon the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar) and to spoil their goods.)

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Luth Und die Briefe wurden gesandt durch die Läufer in alle Länder des Königs, zu vertilgen, zu erwürgen und umzubringen alle Juden, beide jung und alt, Kinder und Weiber, auf einen Tag, nämlich auf den dreizehnten Tag des zwölften Monden, das ist der Mond Adar, und ihr Gut zu rauben.
(And the letters became sent through the runner/bishop in all countries/lands the kings, to/for destroy/eradicate, to/for strangle and to_kill all Jews, both young and old, children and women, on/in/to a day, namely on/in/to the thirteenth day the twelfth moons/months, the is the/of_the moon Adar, and you(pl)/their/her good_(one) to/for rob.)

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SOTN SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 3:7–15: Haman plotted to kill the Jews

Haman went to the king and told him that the Jews in the empire did not obey the laws of the land, and so they all should be killed. The king authorized him to write an order saying that the Jews should be killed. Haman caused the order to be sent out everywhere in the kingdom on the thirteenth day of the first month of the next year. The order told the public to be ready to attack the Jews on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month.

3:13a

And the letters were sent by couriers to each of the royal provinces

Then Haman sent messengers everywhere in the kingdom to deliver the documents.

And the letters: See note on 1:22a.

couriers: These were people whose job was to travel throughout the empire delivering important messages.

3:13b

with the order to destroy, kill, and annihilate all the Jews—young and old, women and children—

The documents contained the following order: “You^(plur) must annihilate the Jews. Kill every one of them, whether they are young or old. Don’t even spare the women or the children.

destroy, kill, and annihilate: These three words are similar in meaning and when used together cause the language to be very strong. The Display shows one way of translating this.

3:13c

and to plunder their possessions

Then you^(plur) can keep the things that belonged to them for yourselves.”

Adar: See note on 3:7d.

3:13d

on a single day, the thirteenth day of Adar, the twelfth month.

The day chosen for this event is the thirteenth day of Adar, the twelfth month. On that one day, you^(plur) must kill them all.

plunder their possessions: This means to take and keep the belongings of the people they had killed.

UTN uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

וְ⁠נִשְׁל֨וֹחַ סְפָרִ֜ים

(Some words not found in UHB: and,they_were_sent letters by,the_hand_of of,the_runners to/towards all/each/any/every provinces_of the=king to,annihilate to,kill and,to,destroy DOM all/each/any/every the,Jews from,young_man and=unto old children and,women in/on=day one(ms) on_[day],thir- ten of,month two ten he/it month_of Adar and,spoil_of,their to,take_as_plunder )

The expression were sent is a passive verbal form. If your language would not use that form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: [Haman sent the letters]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

בְּ⁠יַ֣ד הָ⁠רָצִים֮

Here, hand could mean two different things: (1) It could literally mean “hand,” meaning that the couriers carried the letters in their hands. Alternate translation: [couriers hand-delivered the documents]; (2) “Hand” could also be a metaphor for power, control, or authority, meaning that couriers were the ones who delivered the letters to all the provinces throughout the empire. Alternate translation: [couriers gave the documents directly]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

אֶל־כָּל־מְדִינ֣וֹת הַ⁠מֶּלֶךְ֒

to/towards (Some words not found in UHB: and,they_were_sent letters by,the_hand_of of,the_runners to/towards all/each/any/every provinces_of the=king to,annihilate to,kill and,to,destroy DOM all/each/any/every the,Jews from,young_man and=unto old children and,women in/on=day one(ms) on_[day],thir- ten of,month two ten he/it month_of Adar and,spoil_of,their to,take_as_plunder )

Haman did not send the letters to the provinces (the geographical territories) themselves. Rather, he sent them to the officials in every province in the empire. The story is using the word “province” to refer to these officials by something associated with them, the territories they ruled. Your translation should make clear that the letters were sent to people, not places.

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / doublet

לְ⁠הַשְׁמִ֡יד לַ⁠הֲרֹ֣ג וּ⁠לְ⁠אַבֵּ֣ד

These words mean the same thing. They are used together to emphasize the completeness of the destruction that is envisioned. You could combine them as UST does and say something like “completely destroy.” (A “doublet” can use more than two words.)

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / merism

מִ⁠נַּ֨עַר וְ⁠עַד־זָקֵ֜ן

This is a figure of speech that describes all of something by naming two extreme parts of it in order to include everything in between. You could express its meaning as UST does and say something like “every single one of them.” Alternate translation: [including young people and old people]

טַ֤ף וְ⁠נָשִׁים֙

children (Some words not found in UHB: and,they_were_sent letters by,the_hand_of of,the_runners to/towards all/each/any/every provinces_of the=king to,annihilate to,kill and,to,destroy DOM all/each/any/every the,Jews from,young_man and=unto old children and,women in/on=day one(ms) on_[day],thir- ten of,month two ten he/it month_of Adar and,spoil_of,their to,take_as_plunder )

Alternate translation: [including the children and the women]

Note 6 topic: translate-numbers

בְּ⁠י֣וֹם אֶחָ֔ד

Alternate translation: [on a single day]

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

בִּ⁠שְׁלוֹשָׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר

Implicitly, this means “the thirteenth day of the twelfth month of that same year.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could say that explicitly.

Note 8 topic: translate-ordinal

בִּ⁠שְׁלוֹשָׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר

Alternate translation: [on day thirteen]

Note 9 topic: translate-ordinal

לְ⁠חֹ֥דֶשׁ שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֖ר

of,month (Some words not found in UHB: and,they_were_sent letters by,the_hand_of of,the_runners to/towards all/each/any/every provinces_of the=king to,annihilate to,kill and,to,destroy DOM all/each/any/every the,Jews from,young_man and=unto old children and,women in/on=day one(ms) on_[day],thir- ten of,month two ten he/it month_of Adar and,spoil_of,their to,take_as_plunder )

Alternate translation: [of month twelve]

Note 10 topic: translate-hebrewmonths

הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֑ר

he/it month_of Adar

This is the name of the twelfth month of the Hebrew calendar. See how you decided in 2:16 and 3:7 to express dates that the story gives according to the Hebrew calendar.

וּ⁠שְׁלָלָ֖⁠ם לָ⁠בֽוֹז

This means that the letters also said that those who killed the Jews could take everything that belonged to them.

Parallel EST 3:13

Section 3:7–15: Haman plotted to kill the Jews

3:13a

3:13b

3:13c

3:13d