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Est IntroC1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8C9C10

Est 3 V1V2V3V4V5V6V7V8V9V10V11V13V14V15

Parallel EST 3:12

Note: This view shows ‘verses’ which are not natural language units and hence sometimes only part of a sentence will be visible. Normally the OET discourages the reading of individual ‘verses’, but this view is only designed for doing comparisons of different translations. Click on any Bible version abbreviation down the left-hand side to see the verse in more of its context. The OET segments on this page are still very early looks into the unfinished texts of the Open English Translation of the Bible. Please double-check these texts in advance before using in public.

BI Est 3:12 ©

Text critical issues=none Clarity of original=clearImportance=normal(All still tentative.)

OET (OET-RV)On the thirteenth day of that same month, Haman called in the royal scribes, and he dictated a letter to them. He told them to send copies to the royal officials, the governors of each province, and the leaders of each people group within the empire. The scribes translated the letter so it could be sent to each province using its own alphabet and to each people group in its own language. To show that he was sending the letter under the king’s own authority, Haman sealed each copy of the letter with the ring that had the king’s official seal on it.

OET-LVAnd_summoned the_scribes the_king in/on/at/with_month the_first in/on/at/with_three teenth day in/on/over_him/it and_written according_to_all that he_commanded Haman to the_satraps the_king and_near/to the_governors who [were]_over province and_province and_near/to [the]_officials of_people and_people province and_province in_script_its and_people and_people in_language_its_own in/on_name_of the_king ʼAḩashəvērōshz [it_was]_written and_sealed in/on/at/with_ring the_king’s.

UHBוַ⁠יִּקָּרְאוּ֩ סֹפְרֵ֨י הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ בַּ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הָ⁠רִאשׁ֗וֹן בִּ⁠שְׁלוֹשָׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֣ר יוֹם֮ בּ⁠וֹ֒ וַ⁠יִּכָּתֵ֣ב כְּֽ⁠כָל־אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֣ה הָמָ֡ן אֶ֣ל אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנֵֽי־הַ֠⁠מֶּלֶךְ וְֽ⁠אֶל־הַ⁠פַּח֞וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ עַל־מְדִינָ֣ה וּ⁠מְדִינָ֗ה וְ⁠אֶל־שָׂ֤רֵי עַם֙ וָ⁠עָ֔ם מְדִינָ֤ה וּ⁠מְדִינָה֙ כִּ⁠כְתָבָ֔⁠הּ וְ⁠עַ֥ם וָ⁠עָ֖ם כִּ⁠לְשׁוֹנ֑⁠וֹ בְּ⁠שֵׁ֨ם הַ⁠מֶּ֤לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֹשׁ֙ נִכְתָּ֔ב וְ⁠נֶחְתָּ֖ם בְּ⁠טַבַּ֥עַת הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ׃
   (va⁠yyiqqārəʼū şofrēy ha⁠mmelek ba⁠ḩodesh hā⁠riʼshōn bi⁠shəlōshāh ˊāsār yōm b⁠ō va⁠yyikkātēⱱ kə⁠kāl-ʼₐsher-ʦiūāh hāmān ʼel ʼₐḩashdarpənēy-ha⁠mmelek və⁠ʼel-ha⁠paḩōt ʼₐsher ˊal-mədīnāh ū⁠mədīnāh və⁠ʼel-sārēy ˊam vā⁠ˊām mədīnāh ū⁠mədīnāh ki⁠kətāⱱā⁠h və⁠ˊam vā⁠ˊām ki⁠ləshōn⁠ō bə⁠shēm ha⁠mmelek ʼₐḩashvērosh niktāⱱ və⁠neḩtām bə⁠ţabaˊat ha⁠mmelek.)

Key: khaki:verbs.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).

BrLXXNo BrLXX EST book available

BrTrNo BrTr EST book available

ULTAnd the scribes of the king were called in the first month, on day 13 of it, and it was written according to all that Haman commanded: to the satraps of the king, and to the governors who were over province by province, and to the officials of people by people, province by province according to its writing, and people by people according to its tongue. In the name of the king Ahasuerus it was written, and it was sealed with the signet ring of the king.

USTOn the thirteenth day of the first month of that same year, Haman called in the royal scribes, and he dictated a letter to them. He told them to send copies to the royal officials, the governors of each province, and the leaders of each people group. The scribes translated the letter so it could be sent to each province using its own alphabet and to each people group in its own language. To show that he was sending the letter under the king’s own authority, Haman sealed each copy of the letter with the ring that had the king’s official seal on it.

BSB  § On the thirteenth day of the first month, the royal scribes were summoned and the order was written exactly as Haman commanded the royal satraps, the governors of each province, and the officials of each people, in the script of each province and the language of every people. It was written in the name of King Xerxes and sealed with the royal signet ring.


OEBAnd so, on the thirteenth day of the first month, the king’s secretaries were summoned and as Haman instructed an edict was issued to the king’s satraps and provincial governors and the rulers of each of the peoples in their own script and their own language. The edict was written in the name of King Ahasuerus and sealed with his ring.

WEBBEThen the king’s scribes were called in on the first month, on the thirteenth day of the month; and all that Haman commanded was written to the king’s local governors, and to the governors who were over every province, and to the princes of every people, to every province according to its writing, and to every people in their language. It was written in the name of King Ahasuerus, and it was sealed with the king’s ring.

WMBB (Same as above)

NETSo the royal scribes were summoned in the first month, on the thirteenth day of the month. Everything Haman commanded was written to the king’s satraps and governors who were in every province and to the officials of every people, province by province according to its script and people by people according to its language. In the name of King Ahasuerus it was written and sealed with the king’s signet ring.

LSVAnd scribes of the king are called, on the first month, on the thirteenth day of it, and it is written according to all that Haman has commanded, to lieutenants of the king, and to the governors who [are] over province and province, and to the heads of people and people, province and province, according to its writing, and people and people according to its tongue, in the name of King Ahasuerus it has been written and sealed with the signet of the king,

FBVOn the thirteenth day of the first month the king's secretaries were summoned. A decree was issued in accordance with everything Haman demanded and sent to the king's chief officers,[fn] the governors of the different provinces and the nobles of the various peoples in the provinces. It was sent in the script of each province and in the language of every people, with the authorization of King Xerxes and sealed with his signet ring.


3:12 “Chief officers”: literally, “satraps.”

T4TOn April 17th Haman summoned the king’s secretaries, and he dictated a letter to them that they translated and wrote to all the governors and administrators and other officials in all the provinces. They wrote copies of the letter in every language and every kind of writing/alphabet that was used in the empire. They wrote that all the Jews, including young people and old people, women and children, had to be killed on one day. That day was March 7th of the following year. They also wrote that those who killed the Jews could take everything that belonged to the Jews. They signed the king’s name at the end of the letters. Then they sealed the letters with wax, and stamped the wax by using the king’s ring. Then they sent the letters swiftly to every province in the empire,

LEBAnd the king’s secretaries were called in the first month on the thirteenth day, and a decree was issued, according to all that Haman commanded, to the satraps of the king and to the governors who were over all the provinces, and to the officials of all the people, to each province according to its own script and to all people according to their own language; it was written in the name of King Ahasuerus and was sealed with the king’s ring.

BBEThen on the thirteenth day of the first month, the king's scribes were sent for, and they put in writing Haman's orders to all the king's captains and the rulers of every division of his kingdom and the chiefs of every people: for every division of the kingdom in the writing commonly used there, and to every people in the language which was theirs; it was signed in the name of King Ahasuerus and stamped with the king's ring.

MoffNo Moff EST book available

JPSThen were the king's scribes called in the first month, on the thirteenth day thereof, and there was written, according to all that Haman commanded, unto the king's satraps, and to the governors that were over every province, and to the princes of every people; to every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language; in the name of king Ahasuerus was it written, and it was sealed with the king's ring.

ASVThen were the king’s scribes called in the first month, on the thirteenth day thereof; and there was written according to all that Haman commanded unto the king’s satraps, and to the governors that were over every province, and to the princes of every people, to every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language; in the name of king Ahasuerus was it written, and it was sealed with the king’s ring.

DRAAnd the king’s scribes were called in the first month Nisan, on the thirteenth day of the same month: and they wrote, as Aman had commanded, to all the king’s lieutenants, and to the judges of the provinces, and of divers nations, as every nation could read, and hear according to their different languages, in the name of king Assuerus: and the letters, sealed with his ring,

YLTAnd scribes of the king are called, on the first month, on the thirteenth day of it, and it is written according to all that Haman hath commanded, unto lieutenants of the king, and unto the governors who [are] over province and province, and unto the heads of people and people, province and province, according to its writing, and people and people according to its tongue, in the name of the king Ahasuerus it hath been written and sealed with the signet of the king,

DrbyThen were the king's scribes called, in the first month, on the thirteenth day of the [month], and there was written according to all that Haman commanded unto the king's satraps, and to the governors over every province, and to the princes of every people; to every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people according to their language: in the name of king Ahasuerus was it written, and sealed with the king's ring.

RVThen were the king’s scribes called in the first month, on the thirteenth day thereof, and there was written according to all that Haman commanded unto the king’s satraps, and to the governors that were over every province, and to the princes of every people; to every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language; in the name of king Ahasuerus was it written, and it was sealed with the king’s ring.

WbstrThen were the king's scribes called on the thirteenth day of the first month, and there was written according to all that Haman had commanded to the king's lieutenants, and to the governors that were over every province, and to the rulers of every people of every province, according to the writing of it, and to every people after their language; in the name of king Ahasuerus was it written, and sealed with the king's ring.

KJB-1769Then were the king’s scribes called on the thirteenth day of the first month, and there was written according to all that Haman had commanded unto the king’s lieutenants, and to the governors that were over every province, and to the rulers of every people of every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language; in the name of king Ahasuerus was it written, and sealed with the king’s ring.[fn]


3.12 scribes: or, secretaries

KJB-1611[fn]Then were the kings scribes called on the thirteenth day of the first moneth, and there was written, according to all that Haman had commanded, vnto the kings Lieutenants, and to the gouernours, that were ouer euery prouince, and to the rulers of euery people of euery prouince, according to the writing thereof, and to euery people, after their language, in the name of king Ahasuerus was it written, and sealed with the kings ring.
   (Then were the kings scribes called on the thirteenth day of the first month, and there was written, according to all that Haman had commanded, unto the kings Lieutenants, and to the governors, that were over every prouince, and to the rulers of every people of every prouince, according to the writing thereof, and to every people, after their language, in the name of king Ahasuerus was it written, and sealed with the kings ring.)


3:12 Or, secretaries.

BshpsThen were the kinges scribes called on the thirteenth day of the first moneth, & there was written according as Haman commaunded vnto all the kinges officers, and to the captaynes that were ouer euery prouince, and to the rulers of euery people in the countryes on euery side according to the writing therof, and to euery nation after their language, in the name of king Ahasuerus was it writen, and sealed with the kinges ring.
   (Then were the kings scribes called on the thirteenth day of the first month, and there was written according as Haman commanded unto all the kings officers, and to the captains that were over every prouince, and to the rulers of every people in the countryes on every side according to the writing thereof, and to every nation after their language, in the name of king Ahasuerus was it writen, and sealed with the kings ring.)

GnvaThen were the Kings scribes called on the thirteenth day of the first moneth, and there was written (according to all that Haman commanded) vnto the Kings officers, and to the captaines that were ouer euery prouince, and to the rulers of euery people, and to euery prouince, according to the writing thereof, and to euery people according to their language: in the name of King Ahashuerosh was it written, and sealed with the Kings ring.
   (Then were the Kings scribes called on the thirteenth day of the first month, and there was written (according to all that Haman commanded) unto the Kings officers, and to the captains that were over every prouince, and to the rulers of every people, and to every prouince, according to the writing thereof, and to every people according to their language: in the name of King Ahashuerosh was it written, and sealed with the Kings ring. )

CvdlThen were the kynges scrybes called on ye thirtenth daye of the first moneth, & there was wrytten (acordynge as Aman commauded) vnto the kynges prynces, and to the Debites euery where in the londes, and to the captaynes of euery people in the countrees on euery syde, acordynge to the wrytinge of euery nacion, and after their language in the name of kynge Ahasuerus, and sealed with the kynges rynge.
   (Then were the kings scribes called on ye/you_all thirtenth day of the first month, and there was written (acordynge as Aman commauded) unto the kings princes, and to the Debites every where in the londes, and to the captains of every people in the countryes on every side, according to the wrytinge of every nacion, and after their language in the name of king Ahasuerus, and sealed with the kings rynge.)

WyclAnd the scryuens of the kyng weren clepid in the firste monethe Nysan, in the threttenthe dai of the same monethe; and it was writun, as Aaman hadde comaundid, to alle prynces of the kyng, and to domesmen of prouynces and of dyuerse folkis, that ech folk myyte rede and here, `for dyuersite of langagis, bi the name of kyng Assuerus. And lettris aseelid with
   (And the scryuens of the king were called in the first month Nysan, in the threttenthe day of the same month; and it was written, as Aaman had commanded, to all princes of the king, and to domesmen of provinces and of dyuerse folks/people, that each folk might rede and here, `for dyuersite of langagis, by the name of king Assuerus. And lettris aseelid with)

LuthDa rief man den Schreibern des Königs am dreizehnten Tage des ersten Monden; und ward geschrieben, wie Haman befahl, an die Fürsten des Königs und zu den Landpflegern hin und her in den Ländern und zu den Hauptleuten eines jeglichen Volks in den Ländern hin und her nach der Schrift eines jeglichen Volks und nach ihrer Sprache, im Namen des Königs Ahasveros und mit des Königs Ringe versiegelt.
   (So shouted man the Schreibern the kings in/at/on_the threezehnten days the ersten Monden; and what/which written, like Haman befahl, at the prince(s) the kings and to the Landpflegern there and her in the Ländern and to the headleuten one jeglichen peoples in the Ländern there and her after the/of_the Schrift one jeglichen peoples and after of_their/her Sprache, in_the name(s) the kings Ahasveros and with the kings Ringe versiegelt.)

ClVgVocatique sunt scribæ regis mense primo Nisan, tertiadecima die ejusdem mensis: et scriptum est, ut jusserat Aman, ad omnes satrapas regis, et judices provinciarum, diversarumque gentium, ut quæque gens legere poterat et audire pro varietate linguarum ex nomine regis Assueri: et litteræ signatæ ipsius annulo
   (Vocatique are scribæ king a_month primo Nisan, tertiadecima day hisdem mensis: and scriptum it_is, as yusserat Aman, to everyone satrapas king, and yudices provinciarum, diversarumque gentium, as quæque gens legere poterat and audire for varietate linguarum from nomine king Assueri: and litteræ signatæ ipsius annulo )


TSNTyndale Study Notes:

3:12 So on April 17: Haman’s choice of the day before the Jewish Passover began (see Exod 12:6) was probably calculated to terrorize and demoralize the Jews. But as he did at the Exodus, God would deliver the Jews miraculously from a tyrant who was trying to destroy them.

TTNTyndale Theme Notes:

Ethnic Hatred

Selfish pride, a desire to maintain power, and hatred for those who stand in the way have often been the basis for the persecution of racial or religious groups. Many people have died through the centuries because of such hatred.

In the book of Esther, Haman hated Mordecai because Mordecai would not bow down as everyone else did when Haman passed by (Esth 3:1-5). Haman thus despised a man of integrity who would not obey laws that were against his convictions. This personal hatred of Mordecai the Jew developed into a murderous desire to destroy all Jews (3:6). His charge against the Jewish people was what he hated in Mordecai: They did not assimilate with other people, they had unique laws and customs, and they did not obey some of the laws of the king (3:8).

The Spanish Inquisition (1400s) and the Holocaust in Nazi Germany (1930s–40s) were other terrible attempts to wipe the Jewish people off the face of the earth. Religious and ethnic hatred still leads to diabolical plans today.

God disapproves of such hatred against any ethnic or religious group, and he will eventually hold accountable those who attempt to carry out such plots (see Deut 30:7; Pss 21:7-11; 34:19-21; 44:7). God has repeatedly saved the Jewish people and defeated their enemies, for God is faithful to all his promises (see Rom 9–11). He will similarly preserve his church through all persecution (see Matt 16:18; Rom 8:26-39).

Passages for Further Study

Gen 46:33-34; Deut 7:1-6; 23:3-8; Esth 3:1-9; Matt 15:22-28; Luke 4:27; Acts 10:34-35; Rom 9:1–11:36; Gal 3:26-29; Eph 2:14


UTNuW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

וַ⁠יִּקָּרְאוּ֩ סֹפְרֵ֨י הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ

and,summoned secretaries the=king

You can say this with an active form. You can also say who did the action. It was most likely Haman, since the king had given him authority to act on his behalf. So you could say, “Haman called in the royal scribes.” Alternate translation: “the king summoned his scribes”

Note 2 topic: translate-hebrewmonths

בַּ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הָ⁠רִאשׁ֗וֹן בִּ⁠שְׁלוֹשָׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֣ר יוֹם֮ בּ⁠וֹ֒

in/on/at/with,month the,first in/on/at/with,three ten day in/on/over=him/it

You can add “of that same year” to show that Haman did this right after Ahasuerus agreed to his plan. Alternate translation: “on the thirteenth day of the first month”

בַּ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הָ⁠רִאשׁ֗וֹן בִּ⁠שְׁלוֹשָׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֣ר יוֹם֮ בּ⁠וֹ֒

in/on/at/with,month the,first in/on/at/with,three ten day in/on/over=him/it

You can put this information first because it places the event within the timeline of the story.

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

וַ⁠יִּכָּתֵ֣ב כְּֽ⁠כָל־אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֣ה הָמָ֡ן

and,written according_to,all which/who commanded Haman

You can say this with an active form. You can also say who did the action. Alternate translation: “and Haman dictated a letter to them” or “they wrote a decree containing all that Haman had commanded”

Note 4 topic: translate-unknown

אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנֵֽי־הַ֠⁠מֶּלֶךְ

satraps the=king

This seems to mean the officials of the king who served in the palace in the capital city, since they are distinguished from the provincial governors and the leaders of the people groups.

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

מְדִינָ֣ה וּ⁠מְדִינָ֗ה

province and,province

This expression means every province. See how you translated this in 1:22.

שָׂ֤רֵי עַם֙ וָ⁠עָ֔ם

officials people and,people

Alternate translation: “the leaders of each people group”

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

עַם֙ וָ⁠עָ֔ם

people and,people

This expression means every people group. See how you translated this in 1:22.

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

מְדִינָ֤ה וּ⁠מְדִינָה֙ כִּ⁠כְתָבָ֔⁠הּ

province and,province in,script,its

See how you translated this in 1:22. Alternate translation: “to each province using its own alphabet” or “written in its own script”

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

מְדִינָ֤ה וּ⁠מְדִינָה֙ כִּ⁠כְתָבָ֔⁠הּ

province and,province in,script,its

The implication is that the scribes translated the letter and sent it to each province using its own alphabet. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say that explicitly.

Note 9 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

וְ⁠עַ֥ם וָ⁠עָ֖ם כִּ⁠לְשׁוֹנ֑⁠וֹ

and,people and,people in,language,its_own

See how you translated this expression in 1:22. Alternate translation: “and to each people group in its own language”

Note 10 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

כִּ⁠לְשׁוֹנ֑⁠וֹ

in,language,its_own

Here, tongue is a metonym meaning the language spoken by a person or a group of people. Alternate translation: “according to its language”

Note 11 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

בְּ⁠שֵׁ֨ם הַ⁠מֶּ֤לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֹשׁ֙ נִכְתָּ֔ב

in/on=name_of the=king ʼAḩashəvērōshz written

There are two This could mean: (1) Here, name could mean the authority of the king. This would be saying that Haman’s letter had the same authority as it would have had if the king had sent it himself. Alternate translation: “Haman sent the letter under the king’s own authority” (2) However, this could also mean that Haman actually had the scribes sign the king’s name to the letter. Alternate translation: “they signed the king’s name at the end of the letters”

Note 12 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

נִכְתָּ֔ב וְ⁠נֶחְתָּ֖ם בְּ⁠טַבַּ֥עַת הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ

written and,sealed in/on/at/with,ring the,king's

You can say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “to show that he was sending the letter under the king’s own authority, Haman sealed each copy of the letter with the ring that had the king’s official seal on it,” or “the scribes signed the king’s name at the end of the letters. Then they sealed the letters with wax, and stamped the wax by using the king’s ring”

BI Est 3:12 ©