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InterlinearVerse GEN EXO LEV NUM DEU JOB JOS JDG RUTH 1 SAM 2 SAM PSA AMOS HOS 1 KI 2 KI 1 CHR 2 CHR PROV ECC SNG JOEL MIC ISA ZEP HAB JER LAM YNA (JNA) NAH OBA DAN EZE EZRA EST NEH HAG ZEC MAL LAO GES LES ESG DNG 2 PS TOB JDT WIS SIR BAR LJE PAZ SUS BEL MAN 1 MAC 2 MAC 3 MAC 4 MAC YHN (JHN) MARK MAT LUKE ACTs YAC (JAM) GAL 1 TH 2 TH 1 COR 2 COR ROM COL PHM EPH PHP 1 TIM TIT 1 PET 2 PET 2 TIM HEB YUD (JUD) 1 YHN (1 JHN) 2 YHN (2 JHN) 3 YHN (3 JHN) REV
Hos C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14
Hos 12 V1 V2 V3 V4 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14
OET (OET-LV) [fn] and_he_struggled against an_messenger and_he_prevailed he_wept and_he_sought_favour to_him/it Bēyt- ʼēl he_found_him and_there he_spoke with_us.
12:5 Note: KJB: Hos.12.4
In this section, the LORD accuses both Israel and Judah of wrongdoing, but then focuses on the wicked behavior of Israel (11:12–12:1). Hosea continues to describe Israel, giving examples from the life of their ancestor Jacob to show that Israel followed his bad behavior (12:2–8). The LORD then reminded the people how they had responded wickedly when he led them in the past (12:9–11). Hosea concludes this section by comparing Jacob’s care of sheep in Aram with the LORD’s care of his people through a prophet or prophets.
Here are some other examples of section headings:
Israel’s Sin (NIV)
Israel and Judah Are Condemned (GNT)
In this paragraph and also in 12:12, Hosea gives examples from the life of Jacob. Scholars do not agree on the purpose of the examples. There are two main views:
These examples show the similarity between Jacob and his descendants. Jacob set a bad example and his descendants followed it.
These examples show the contrast between Jacob and his descendants. Jacob set a good example but his descendants did not follow it.
It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1). Hosea 12:2 says that the LORD will punish Jacob according to his ways. Examples from Jacob’s life immediately follow in 12:3. It is reasonable to assume that these are examples of behavior or character traits that deserve punishment. Most versions and commentaries support this interpretation.A number of versions make interpretation (1) explicit, especially in 12:3. See the comments on that verse for examples. No versions make interpretation (2) explicit. Commentaries that favor interpretation (1) include Davies, Hubbard, Dearman, Garrett, Macintosh, and McComiskey. Some who favor interpretation (2) are Stuart, Keil, and Wood. For more details, see the following notes on these verses.
In this verse, Hosea reminds the people of Israel that it is Yahweh who spoke with Jacob at Bethel.Macintosh (page 488) and McComiskey (page 202). Here are some possible reasons for this reminder:
Like their ancestor Jacob, they were the people of Yahweh, and they were obligated to serve him.Stuart (pages 191–192) and Macintosh (page 488).
The people should not confuse Yahweh with the idols that they worshiped.Hubbard (page 205) and Garrett (pages 240–241).
Yahweh has power and authority over all things on earth and in heaven. For this reason, the people should be confident in him and should do what Hosea urges them to do in 12:6.Keil (pages 97–98), McComiskey (page 202), and Davies (page 276).
the LORD is the God of Hosts—
This was Yahweh, God Almighty.
Yahweh is the God of Armies.
the LORD is the God of Hosts: In Hebrew, this phrase is literally “and Yahweh the God of (the) hosts.” The first word “and” in the Hebrew phrase connects it to the previous verse. Some versions leave this connection to the previous verse implied. Some other versions make the connection clear. For example:
even the Lord… (NASB)
This was the Lord… (GNT)
yes, Yahweh… (NJB)
Indicate the connection of this phrase to the previous verse in a natural way in your language.
The Hebrew word for “hosts” means “armies.” In this phrase, the word “armies” could refer to armies of angels in heaven,McComiskey (page 202) suggests that this title may stem from the appearance to Joshua of an angel called “the commander of the host of the Lord” in Joshua 5:13–15. or to human armies on earth, or to both.Hubbard (page 205) suggests that the term refers to both the armies of heaven and of earth. Garrett (pages 240–241) note that in Amos the name “Yahweh God of hosts” describes the God of all the earth who judges the nations. Human armies were generally involved in carrying out judgment.
The phrase includes two different words for God, Yahweh and ʾelohim (God). Try to include both words for God in your translation if possible.
This phrase is used as a title. Here are some acceptable ways to translate this title:
Translate it literally.Another literal translation is “God Sabaoth” (NJB), in which “Sabaoth” is a transliteration of the Hebrew word for “armies.” For example:
The Lord the God of Hosts (REB)
Translate the title as a clause. For example:
The LORD is the God of Armies (GW)This is different from Hebrew, where the phrase ‘God of Hosts/Armies’ is unlikely to be the predicate of ‘the LORD.’ See Macintosh (page 488). Nevertheless, in some languages this may be a natural way to translate the title.
Make explicit the implied meaning of great power. For example:
The Lord God Almighty (NET)
The Lord God All-Powerful (NCV)
The Almighty LORD God
the LORD is His name of renown.
Yes, Yahweh the honored/exalted one is his name!
Yahweh is the great name by which he will be remembered.
the LORD is His name of renown: In Hebrew, this clause is more literally “Yahweh his remembrance.” The Hebrew word for “remembrance” means “memorial, by which one is remembered.”BDB (#2143) 2. Here are three acceptable translation options:
Translate “remembrance” as name.McComiskey (page 202) states that “remembrance” occurs in parallel with “name” in a number of passages. Davies (page 276) calls it a common equivalent to shem, the regular word for “name.” Also see Andersen and Freedman (page 615). For example:
the Lord is his name (NLT)
Make the greatness/power of the LORD explicit as well as name. For example:
the Lord is his great name (NCV)
Translate both “remembrance” and name. For example:
the Lord is the name by which he is remembered! (NET)
Hosea the prophet is speaking.
Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive
(Occurrence 0) is his name to be called on
(Some words not found in UHB: and,he_struggled to/towards messenger and,he_prevailed wept and,he_sought_favor to=him/it house_of -ʼēl he,found_him and=there spoke with,us )
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “is his name to which we pray”
OET (OET-LV) [fn] and_he_struggled against an_messenger and_he_prevailed he_wept and_he_sought_favour to_him/it Bēyt- ʼēl he_found_him and_there he_spoke with_us.
12:5 Note: KJB: Hos.12.4
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.
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