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Hos 12 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14

OET interlinear HOS 12:7

◄ ← HOS 12:7 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    2. 523760
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -
    8. S
    9. -
    10. 366063
    1. וְ,אַתָּה
    2. 523761,523762
    3. and you(ms)
    4. -
    6. S-C,Pp2ms
    7. and=you(ms)
    8. -
    9. Y-725; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 366064
    1. בֵּ,אלֹהֶי,ךָ
    2. 523763,523764,523765
    3. in god of your
    4. in
    5. 430
    6. S-R,Ncmpc,Sp2ms
    7. in,God_of,your
    8. -
    9. Y-725; TProphecies_of_Hosea; Person=God
    10. 366065
    1. תָשׁוּב
    2. 523766
    3. you will return
    4. -
    5. 7725
    6. V-Vqi2ms
    7. you_will_return
    8. -
    9. Y-725; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 366066
    1. חֶסֶד
    2. 523767
    3. loyalty
    4. -
    6. O-Ncmsa
    7. loyalty
    8. -
    9. Y-725; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 366067
    1. וּ,מִשְׁפָּט
    2. 523768,523769
    3. and justice
    4. -
    5. 4941
    6. O-C,Ncmsa
    7. and,justice
    8. -
    9. Y-725; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 366068
    1. שְׁמֹר
    2. 523770
    3. keep
    4. -
    5. 8104
    6. V-Vqv2ms
    7. keep
    8. -
    9. Y-725; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 366069
    1. וְ,קַוֵּה
    2. 523771,523772
    3. and wait
    4. -
    6. SV-C,Vpv2ms
    7. and,wait
    8. -
    9. Y-725; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 366070
    1. אֶל
    2. 523773
    3. to
    4. -
    5. 413
    6. S-R
    7. to
    8. -
    9. Y-725; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 366071
    2. 523774
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 366072
    1. אֱלֹהֶי,ךָ
    2. 523775,523776
    3. god of your
    4. -
    5. 430
    6. S-Ncmpc,Sp2ms
    7. God_of,your
    8. -
    9. Y-725; TProphecies_of_Hosea; Person=God
    10. 366073
    1. תָּמִיד
    2. 523777
    3. continually
    4. -
    5. 8548
    6. S-Ncmsa
    7. continually
    8. -
    9. Y-725; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 366074
    2. 523778
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 366075

OET (OET-LV) [fn] and_you(ms) in_god_of_your you_will_return loyalty and_justice keep and_wait to god_of_your continually.

12:7 Note: KJB: Hos.12.6

OET (OET-RV) A merchant has false scales in his hands.
 ⇔ ≈ He loves to oppress.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 11:12–12:14: Israel is deceitful and refuses to return to the LORD

In this section, the LORD accuses both Israel and Judah of wrongdoing, but then focuses on the wicked behavior of Israel (11:12–12:1). Hosea continues to describe Israel, giving examples from the life of their ancestor Jacob to show that Israel followed his bad behavior (12:2–8). The LORD then reminded the people how they had responded wickedly when he led them in the past (12:9–11). Hosea concludes this section by comparing Jacob’s care of sheep in Aram with the LORD’s care of his people through a prophet or prophets.

Here are some other examples of section headings:

Israel’s Sin (NIV)

Israel and Judah Are Condemned (GNT)

Paragraph 12:7–8

In the previous paragraph, Hosea urged the people to return to God. This paragraph describes what the people do instead. They become wealthy through fraud and deceit, but they deny that they have sinned.

In Hebrew, the speaker is not identified. It may be Hosea or the LORD. Most versions leave the identity of the speaker implied. Some versions supply “the LORD says.” The Notes and the Display will assume that Hosea continues to speak here.

12:7

A merchant loves to defraud with dishonest scales in his hands.

Notice the parallel parts that are similar in meaning:

A merchant loves to defraud;

with dishonest scales in his hands.

These lines compare Israel to a dishonest merchant. Most versions leave this comparison to Israel implied. Some versions make it explicit. For example:

Israel, you enjoy cheating (CEV)

A merchant loves to defraud with dishonest scales in his hands: In Hebrew, this clause is more literally “Canaan/merchant in his hand [are] scales of deceit, he loves to defraud.” This description is probably a figure of speech (synecdoche) in which deceitful scales in the hand represents general dishonesty in business dealings.Stuart (pages 192–193) and Andersen and Freedman (pages 615–617). For example:

The businessmen love to cheat (NET)

A merchant: In Hebrew, this word is literally “canaan.” In Hosea’s time, this word could mean merchant. This is probably the main meaning here, and it refers to the people of Israel. However, in some contexts, this word refers to the land that the people of Israel conquered and occupied, or to the people who lived in the land before the Israelites came.BDB (#3667) II explains that the meaning of merchant(s) is because Canaanites, especially Phoenicians, were traders. Here the word may be a wordplay in which it means both merchant and “Canaanite” simultaneously. If so, the word may link the wicked behavior of the Israelites with that of the Canaanites.This suggestion is made by Davies, Hubbard, Macintosh, Garrett, Patterson and Hill, and Stuart. Most modern versions translate the Hebrew word as A merchant or something similar. Some versions make the double meaning explicit. For example:

The people of Israel are as dishonest as the Canaanites; they love to cheat their customers with false scales.Adapted from the GNT.

loves to defraud: This clause makes an even stronger accusation about the dishonesty of the Israelites.Davies (page 278). The Hebrew word for defraud means “oppress” or “exploit.” It refers to the abuse of power or authority against people of lower status.TWOT (#1713) says that the verb is concerned with acts of abuse of power or authority, the burdening, trampling, and crushing of those lower in station. The Hebrew form of the word loves indicates an ongoing action.BHRG 19.2.2. The merchant regularly takes delight in defrauding people. Here are additional examples:

…taking advantage of others (CEV)

To defraud is his delight. (NJB)

He loves to oppress. (ESV)

with dishonest scales: scales were made of a bar from which hung two balanced surfaces. A merchant used stone weights to determine the value of the money he charged. The phrase with dishonest scales refers to cheating by improperly suspending the balance or by altering the weights.”McComiskey (page 205). The same Hebrew word that the BSB translates as dishonest here is translated as “deceit” in 11:12. Here are some other ways to translate the phrase:

false scales (GNT)

false balances (RSV)

uW Translation Notes:

General Information:

Hosea the prophet is speaking about Israel.

(Occurrence 0) false scales

(Some words not found in UHB: and=you(ms) in,God_of,your return love and,justice maintain and,wait to/towards God_of,your continually )

The merchants use scales that do not accurately measure the weight of the money or products they are buying or selling.

(Occurrence 0) they love to defraud

(Some words not found in UHB: and=you(ms) in,God_of,your return love and,justice maintain and,wait to/towards God_of,your continually )

The merchants cheat their customers by lying to them and taking more money than they should.

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

12:7-8 During the reign of Jeroboam II (793–753 BC), Israelite merchants became fabulously wealthy, often by using deceitful business practices like dishonest scales (see Amos 8:5-6).
• The Hebrew term translated merchants is kena‘an (“Canaan”). Canaanite traders were notorious in the ancient world for their crafty dealings. The Israelites had imitated their pagan neighbors not only in religion but also in commerce.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. and you(ms)
    2. -
    3. 1987,611
    5. 523761,523762
    6. S-C,Pp2ms
    8. -
    9. Y-725; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 366064
    1. in god of your
    2. in
    3. 846,38,1978
    5. 523763,523764,523765
    6. S-R,Ncmpc,Sp2ms
    8. -
    9. Y-725; TProphecies_of_Hosea; Person=God
    10. 366065
    1. you will return
    2. -
    3. 7951
    5. 523766
    6. V-Vqi2ms
    8. -
    9. Y-725; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 366066
    1. loyalty
    2. -
    3. 2401
    5. 523767
    6. O-Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-725; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 366067
    1. and justice
    2. -
    3. 1987,4244
    5. 523768,523769
    6. O-C,Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-725; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 366068
    1. keep
    2. -
    3. 7842
    5. 523770
    6. V-Vqv2ms
    8. -
    9. Y-725; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 366069
    1. and wait
    2. -
    3. 1987,6938
    5. 523771,523772
    6. SV-C,Vpv2ms
    8. -
    9. Y-725; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 366070
    1. to
    2. -
    3. 369
    5. 523773
    6. S-R
    8. -
    9. Y-725; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 366071
    1. god of your
    2. -
    3. 38,1978
    5. 523775,523776
    6. S-Ncmpc,Sp2ms
    8. -
    9. Y-725; TProphecies_of_Hosea; Person=God
    10. 366073
    1. continually
    2. -
    3. 8371
    5. 523777
    6. S-Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-725; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 366074

OET (OET-LV) [fn] and_you(ms) in_god_of_your you_will_return loyalty and_justice keep and_wait to god_of_your continually.

12:7 Note: KJB: Hos.12.6

OET (OET-RV) A merchant has false scales in his hands.
 ⇔ ≈ He loves to oppress.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← HOS 12:7 ↑ → ► ║ ©