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Hos 8 V1 V2 V3 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14

OET interlinear HOS 8:4

◄ ← HOS 8:4 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. הֵם
    2. 522515
    3. they
    4. -
    5. 1992
    6. S-Pp3mp
    7. they
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365158
    1. הִמְלִיכוּ
    2. 522516
    3. they have made kings
    4. kings
    6. V-Vhp3cp
    7. they_have_made_kings
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365159
    1. וְ,לֹא
    2. 522517,522518
    3. and not
    4. didn't
    5. 3808
    6. S-C,Tn
    7. and=not
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365160
    1. מִמֶּ,נִּי
    2. 522519,522520
    3. from me
    4. through
    6. S-R,Sp1cs
    7. from,me
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365161
    1. הֵשִׂירוּ
    2. 522521
    3. they have installed leaders
    4. leaders
    5. 8323
    6. V-Vhp3cp
    7. they_have_installed_leaders
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365162
    1. וְ,לֹא
    2. 522522,522523
    3. and not
    4. -
    5. 3808
    6. S-C,Tn
    7. and=not
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365163
    1. יָדָעְתִּי
    2. 522524
    3. I knew
    4. -
    5. 3045
    6. V-Vqp1cs
    7. I_knew
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365164
    1. כַּסְפָּ,ם
    2. 522525,522526
    3. silver of their
    4. their silver
    5. 3701
    6. O-Ncmsc,Sp3mp
    7. silver_of,their
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365165
    1. וּ,זְהָבָ,ם
    2. 522527,522528,522529
    3. and gold of their
    4. gold
    5. 2091
    6. O-C,Ncmsc,Sp3mp
    7. and,gold_of,their
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365166
    1. עָשׂוּ
    2. 522530
    3. they have made
    4. -
    6. V-Vqp3cp
    7. they_have_made
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365167
    1. לָ,הֶם
    2. 522531,522532
    3. to/for them
    4. -
    6. S-R,Sp3mp
    7. to/for=them
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365168
    1. עֲצַבִּים
    2. 522533
    3. idols
    4. idols
    5. 6091
    6. S-Ncmpa
    7. idols
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365169
    1. לְמַעַן
    2. 522534
    3. so that
    4. -
    5. 4616
    6. S-R
    7. so_that
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365170
    1. יִכָּרֵת
    2. 522535
    3. it may be cut off
    4. it
    5. 3772
    6. V-VNi3ms
    7. it_may_be_cut_off
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365171
    2. 522536
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 365172

OET (OET-LV) they they_have_made_kings and_not from_me they_have_installed_leaders and_not I_knew silver_of_their and_gold_of_their they_have_made to/for_them idols so_that it_may_be_cut_off.

OET (OET-RV) They appointed kings, but not through me.
 ⇔ ≈ They’ve appointed leaders but I didn’t know about it.
 ⇔ They’ve made idols for themselves with their gold and silver
 ⇔ so they’ll end up being destroyed.”

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 8:1–14: The Israelites will be punished for rejecting the LORD

In this section, the LORD warned the nation of Israel that enemies were ready to attack them, because they had rejected him and broken their agreement to obey his laws (8:1–3). They disobeyed him by choosing their own leaders (8:4a–b) and making idols (8:4c–6). Their alliance with Assyria failed, and they became weak agriculturally and also politically as a nation. Verse 8:10 predicts their future punishment as slaves in Assyria (8:7–10). The LORD did not accept the sacrifices they offered to him, because they continued to sin, so their cities faced total destruction (11–14).The TN analysis of this section follows the paragraph divisions used in a majority of English versions. The summary combines ideas from McComiskey (page 118), Davies (page 193), and Stuart (pages 126–127).

Here are some other examples of section headings:

The Lord Will Punish Israel for Its Rebellion (GW)

The LORD warned Israel that enemies would attack them

Warning that Israel will be Punished

Throughout this section, the LORD is the speaker. He referred to himself using first person pronouns (“I/me/my”) except for verse 13b–d, which has “he.” In this section, the Hebrew text almost always uses “they” or “he/it” to refer to the people or nation of Israel. The only exceptions are 8:1 and 8:5, which use the pronoun “your.” The CEV uses “you/your” consistently to refer to Israel. Most other versions use third person pronouns. The Display will follow the BSB pronoun choice in the first meaning line. It will often use “you/your” in the second meaning line.

Paragraph 8:4–6

This paragraph gives two specific examples of ways that Israel disobeyed the covenant and rejected what is good.

8:4a–b

(combined/reordered)

Notice the parallel parts that are similar in meaning:

4a They set up kings, but not by Me.

4b They make princes, but without My approval.

These parallel lines give the first example of Israel’s disobedience. They chose their own kings and other government leaders without consulting the LORD.According to Davies (page 199), Hosea presupposes that kings should have a divine appointment. The way the LORD appointed them was through the mediation of a prophet. See 1 Sam. 10:1–2; 16:12–13.

8:4a

They set up kings, but not by Me.

They set up kings: This phrase means “they chose kings” or “they caused kings to rule.”BART interlinear “they have made kings,” TWOT (#1199) “become king or queen.”

They: The pronoun They refers to the people of Israel as a group. In Hebrew, there are two pronouns here. These two pronouns emphasize that it was They who chose their leaders and not the LORD who chose them.Andersen and Freedman (page 491), Macintosh (page 297), and Kidner (page 77). If possible, try to express this emphasis in your translation. For example:

They chose their own kings (NCV)

It was they themselves who decided what person would rule as king.

but not by Me: In Hebrew, this phrase is literally “and not from me.” This indicates that the LORD had nothing to do with the process of choosing these kings.

Here are some other ways to translate this phrase:

not by my authority (NAB)

they did it on their own (GNT)

without asking my permission (NCV)

8:4b

They make princes, but without My approval.

They make princes: This phrase means “they chose/appointed officials/leaders” or “they have caused officials/leaders to rule.”NIDOTTE (#8906) “cause to rule,” NIDOTTE (#5385) “official, chieftain, leader, prince.”

princes: In Hebrew, this word refers to government officials or leaders other than kings. It does not refer here to the sons of kings.

Here are some other ways to translate this phrase:

they set up rulers (REB)

they appointed other leaders in the government

but without My approval: In Hebrew, this phrase is more literally “but I did not know.” In this context, the phrase implies that the people chose their leaders without informing the LORD or asking him for his approval.Keil (page 112) and Hubbard (page 146).

Here are some other ways to translate this phrase:

without my knowledge (NRSV)

but they did not consult me

General Comment on 8:4a–b

In some languages, it may be more natural to combine and/or reorder the parallel parts. For example:

You chose kings and leaders without consulting me (CEV)

The people have appointed kings and princes, but not with my consent. (NLT96)

8:4c

With their silver and gold they make themselves idols, to their own destruction.

With their silver and gold they make themselves idols: This verse part gives another example of Israel’s disobedience. They used their own silver and gold materials to make themselves idols to worship.

to their own destruction: There are two ways to interpret the Hebrew word that the BSB translates here as to:

  1. It indicates that the result of making idols was destruction. For example:

    Because of this, they will be destroyed. (GW)

    You made silver and gold idols that led to your downfall (CEV) (BSB, CEV, GW, NCV, NET, NIV, NJPS, NLT)

  2. It indicates that the purpose of making idols was destruction. For example:

    they made idols for their own destruction (NRSV)

    that they may be cut off (KJV) (ESV, GNT, KJV, NASB, NJB, NRSV)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1). The LXX supports this interpretation. This interpretation is more logical, because destruction was the normal result of idol worship. Commentaries that prefer interpretation (2) agree that the purpose of destruction was not what the people themselves intended.According to McComiskey (page 123), this purpose was probably not what the people intended, but it may have been the way that Hosea perceived it. Macintosh (page 298) says that it indicates purpose, but admits that sometimes an undesigned course of action is portrayed “ironically as if it were designed.” Andersen and Freedman (page 492) also say that it may indicate irony.

their own destruction: There are two ways to interpret this phrase:In the Masoretic Text, the phrase is literally “it will be cut off.” The Septuagint and Syriac translate the singular pronoun “it” as plural “they/their.” All modern versions also translate it as a plural.

  1. The phrase refers to someone destroying the people of Israel. For example:

    you made silver and gold idols that led to your downfall. (CEV) (BSB, CEV, GNT, GW, NCV, NIV, NJPS, NLT, NRSV, REB)The BSB, ESV, GNT, NIV, NLT, and NRSV all have the phrase “their own destruction.” Since the people are clearly the subject of the sentence (they are ones the one who make the idols), the word “own” has to refer back to the people themselves.

  2. The phrase refers to someone destroying the idols. For example:

    With their silver and gold, they have made themselves idols, but only to be destroyed. (NJB) (NET, NJB)The NET translation “they will be destroyed” can refer to either people or idols, but it has a footnote that supports the interpretation of idols. The KJV and NASB have not been listed under either interpretation. They have: “that they may/might be cut off,” which could refer to either interpretation.

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1) along with the Septuagint and most versions.Commentaries that support this interpretation include Hubbard, Andersen and Freedman, McComiskey, and Keil. It best fits the overall theme of the chapter (a warning that the LORD will punish Israel). It also fits the following context of 8:5 (the LORD’s anger against Israel), and the various punishments that are specified in 8:7–14).

Here are some other ways to translate 8:4c:

By making idols for themselves from their silver and gold, they have brought about their own destruction. (NLT)

Of their silver and gold they have made themselves images, to their own undoing. (NJPS)

uW Translation Notes:

General Information:

Yahweh is speaking.

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

(Occurrence 0) but it was only so they might be cut off

(Some words not found in UHB: they set_up_kings and=not from,me set_up_princes and=not knowledge silver_of,their and,gold_of,their they_had_acquired to/for=them idols for destruction )

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but the result will be that I will destroy the people”

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

8:4 appointed kings without my consent: The Israelites quickly disposed of one king and appointed another if they thought it might save their nation (see 7:7). They did all of this without consulting their true king, the Lord.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. they
    2. -
    3. 1875
    5. 522515
    6. S-Pp3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365158
    1. they have made kings
    2. kings
    3. 4694
    5. 522516
    6. V-Vhp3cp
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365159
    1. and not
    2. didn't
    3. 1987,3835
    5. 522517,522518
    6. S-C,Tn
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365160
    1. from me
    2. through
    3. 4129,1978
    5. 522519,522520
    6. S-R,Sp1cs
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365161
    1. they have installed leaders
    2. leaders
    3. 8147
    5. 522521
    6. V-Vhp3cp
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365162
    1. and not
    2. -
    3. 1987,3835
    5. 522522,522523
    6. S-C,Tn
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365163
    1. I knew
    2. -
    3. 3207
    5. 522524
    6. V-Vqp1cs
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365164
    1. silver of their
    2. their silver
    3. 3541,1978
    5. 522525,522526
    6. O-Ncmsc,Sp3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365165
    1. and gold of their
    2. gold
    3. 1987,2105,1978
    5. 522527,522528,522529
    6. O-C,Ncmsc,Sp3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365166
    1. they have made
    2. -
    3. 6035
    5. 522530
    6. V-Vqp3cp
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365167
    1. to/for them
    2. -
    3. 3705,1978
    5. 522531,522532
    6. S-R,Sp3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365168
    1. idols
    2. idols
    3. 5987
    5. 522533
    6. S-Ncmpa
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365169
    1. so that
    2. -
    3. 3729
    5. 522534
    6. S-R
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365170
    1. it may be cut off
    2. it
    3. 3652
    5. 522535
    6. V-VNi3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365171

OET (OET-LV) they they_have_made_kings and_not from_me they_have_installed_leaders and_not I_knew silver_of_their and_gold_of_their they_have_made to/for_them idols so_that it_may_be_cut_off.

OET (OET-RV) They appointed kings, but not through me.
 ⇔ ≈ They’ve appointed leaders but I didn’t know about it.
 ⇔ They’ve made idols for themselves with their gold and silver
 ⇔ so they’ll end up being destroyed.”

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← HOS 8:4 ↑ → ► ║ ©