MIC 1:10 Parallel Verse View

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Text critical issues=small word differences Clarity of original=clear Importance to us=normal (All still tentative.)

OET (OET-RV) Don’t tell about it in Gat.
⇔ Don’t weep at all.
⇔ I roll myself in the dust at Beyt-Leafrah (the house of dust).

1:10 OSHB variant note: התפלשתי: (x-qere) ’הִתְפַּלָּֽשִׁי’: lemma_6428 n_0 morph_HVtv2fs id_33aMT הִתְפַּלָּֽשִׁי

Key: khaki:verbs.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).

BrLXX Οἱ ἐν Γὲθ μὴ μεγαλύνεσθε, καὶ οἱ Ἐνακεὶμ μὴ ἀνοικοδομεῖτε ἐξ οἴκου κατὰ γέλωτα, γῆν καταπάσασθε καταγέλωτα ὑμῶν,
(Hoi en Geth maʸ megalunesthe, kai hoi Enakeim maʸ anoikodomeite ex oikou kata gelōta, gaʸn katapasasthe katagelōta humōn, )

BrTr Ye that are in Geth, exalt not yourselves, and ye Enakim, do not rebuild from the ruins of the house in derision: sprinkle dust in the place of your laughter.

ULT Do not tell about it in Gath;
⇔ do not weep at all.
⇔ At Beth Leaphrah I roll myself in the dust.

UST Do not tell that to our enemies in the city of Gath in Philistia!
⇔ Do not cry, or the people there will find out what is happening.
⇔ Instead, just roll on the ground in Beth Leaphrah.

1:10 Gath sounds like the Hebrew for tell.

1:10 Beth-leaphrah means house of dust.

OEB ⇔ Don’t tell this in Gath!
⇔ Don’t even cry – but sit in the dust at Beth-leaphrah.

WEBBE Don’t tell it in Gath.
⇔ Don’t weep at all.
⇔ At Beth Ophrah[fn] I have rolled myself in the dust.

1:10 Beth Ophrah means literally “House of Dust.”

WMBB (Same as above including footnotes)

NET Don’t spread the news in Gath!
⇔ Don’t shed even a single tear!
⇔ In Beth Leaphrah sit in the dust!

LSV In Gath do not tell—in Acco do not weep,
In Beth-Aphrah, roll yourself in dust.

FBV Don't mention it in Gath; don't weep at all.[fn] People of Beth-le-aphrah, roll in the dust.[fn]

1:10 Gath was a Philistine city. The meaning is that this tragic situation should not be shared with Israel's enemies, so that they do not take advantage or gloat.

1:10 Rolling in the dust was a way of showing extreme grief. In addition, there is a wordplay on the names of the towns mentioned in this section, but some of the meanings have been lost.

T4T Do not tell that to our enemies in Gath city in Philistia!
⇔ Do not cry, lest the people there find out what is happening!!
⇔ Instead, just roll in the dirt in Beth-Leaphrah because the name of that town means ‘house of dust.’

LEB • Do not tell it in Gath; you must not weep at all.
• In Beth-le-Aphrah
• roll yourself in dust.

BBE Give no word of it in Gath, let there be no weeping at all: at Beth-le-aphrah be rolling in the dust.

Moff Weep tears at Teartown (Bochim),
⇔ grovel in the dust at Dustown (Beth-ophrah)

JPS Tell it not in Gath, weep not at all; at Beth-le-aphrah roll thyself in the dust.

ASV Tell it not in Gath, weep not at all: at Beth-le-aphrah have I rolled myself in the dust.

DRA Declare ye it not in Geth, weep ye not with tears: in the house of Dust sprinkle yourselves with dust.

YLT In Gath tell ye not — in Acco weep not, In Beth-Aphrah, in dust roll thyself.

Drby Tell it not in Gath, weep not at all; at Beth-le-aphrah roll thyself in the dust.

RV Tell it not in Gath, weep not at all: at Beth-le-Aphrah have I rolled myself in the dust.

SLT Ye shall not announce in Gath; weeping, ye shall not weep: in the house of dust roll thyself in dust.

Wbstr Declare ye it not at Gath, weep ye not at all: in the house of Aphrah roll thyself in the dust.

KJB-1769 ¶ Declare ye it not at Gath, weep ye not at all: in the house of Aphrah roll thyself in the dust.[fn]
(¶ Declare ye/you_all it not at Gath, weep ye/you_all not at all: in the house of Aphrah roll thyself/yourself in the dust. )

1.10 Aphrah: that is, Dust

KJB-1611 ¶ Declare yee it not at Gath, weepe yee not at all: In the house of [fn]Aphrah rowle thy selfe in the dust.
(Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above, apart from capitalisation and footnotes)

1:10 That is, dust.

Bshps Declare it not at Gath, neither weepe ye: for the house of Aphra roule thy selfe in the dust.
(Declare it not at Gath, neither weep ye/you_all: for the house of Aphra roll thyself/yourself in the dust.)

Gnva Declare ye it not at Gath, neither weepe ye: for the house of Aphrah roule thy selfe in the dust.
(Declare ye/you_all it not at Gath, neither weep ye/you_all: for the house of Aphrah roll thyself/yourself in the dust. )

Cvdl Wepe not, lest they at Geth perceaue it. Thou at Betaphra, welter thy self in the dust and asshes.
(Wepe not, lest they at Geth perceive it. Thou/You at Betaphra, welter thy/your self in the dust and ashes.)

Wycl In Geth nyle ye telle, bi teeris wepe ye not; in the hous of dust with dust togidere sprynge you.
(In Geth won’t ye/you_all telle, by tears weep ye/you_all not; in the house of dust with dust together spring you.)

Luth Verkündiget es ja nicht zu Gath, laßt euch nicht hören weinen, sondern gehet in die Trauerkammer und sitzet in die Asche!
(Announce it ya not to/for Gath, let you not hear/listen weep/cry, rather goes in the Trauerkammer and sits in the ash!)

ClVg In Geth nolite annuntiare; lacrimis ne ploretis; in domo pulveris pulvere vos conspergite.
(In Geth don't announcere; with_tears not ploretis; in/into/on at_home pulveris dust you(pl) conspergite. )

SOTN SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 1:8–16: Micah mourned because an enemy army will invade Judah and take many people into exile

In 1:5, Micah mentioned the sins of the people in Samaria and Jerusalem. In 1:6–7, he predicted that the LORD would destroy Samaria. Here in 1:8–16, he predicted that the LORD would also punish the people in Judah, including Jerusalem. He would punish them by causing an enemy army to invade Judah.

This section has two paragraphs: 1:8–9 and 1:10–16. In the first paragraph, Micah said that he would “lament and wail” (BSB). He described the way that he would mourn and then gave the reason. In the second paragraph, he mentioned several cities in Judah that an enemy army would soon attack on its way to Jerusalem. Some versions have separate section headings for each paragraph. The Notes will include both paragraphs as part of the same section. Here are some other examples of section headings for the entire section (1:8–16):

Lament for Jerusalem and the lowland towns (NJB)

Judah Is Doomed (CEV)

The Doom of the Cities of Judah (NRSV)

Micah mourned the disaster that will happen to various cities in Judah

If you choose to use separate section headings for 1:8–9 and 1:10–16, here are some examples for 1:8–9:

Weeping and Mourning (NIV, BSB)

Micah’s Great Sadness (NCV)

Either the CEV or NRSV headings above will be appropriate for 1:10–16. Here is another example:

Disaster will happen to various cities in Judah

Paragraph 1:10–16

In this paragraph, Micah mentioned the names of eleven towns in Judah in addition to the city of Jerusalem (v.12). These towns were located in the foothills between the low coastal area and the mountains of Judah.EBC (page 508). According to A&F (page 212), some of the cities mentioned have not been identified, and it is not possible to guess the route of the attack or the identity of the invaders. It could have been any of several different kings.

In many English versions as well as TN, 1:10–16 forms one paragraph. Some versions divide it into two or three paragraphs. For example, the GNT has two paragraphs (10–14 and 15–16). The NLT has three paragraphs (10–12, 13–15, and 16). Use whatever paragraph structure is appropriate for your language.

Here are some of the poetic variations of Micah’s lament in 1:10–16:

In some verses, he spoke to the people in a particular town. In other verses, he spoke about them.
Sometimes he used plural nouns or pronouns to refer to the people in a particular town. At other times, he used singular nouns or pronouns.

English versions consistently use either plural or singular forms throughout these verses. For example, in 1:11b, the NJB uses singular pronouns:

She has not left her city, she who lives in Zanaan. (NJB)

The NIV uses a plural pronoun:

Those who live in Zaanan will not come out. (NIV)

You may use either singular or plural forms or a combination of the two, depending on what is natural and appropriate in your language.

In 1:10–16, Micah used past tense verbs to describe what was still in the future. See the notes on 1:9b and 1:9c for more details.

Micah also made puns with the names of several of the towns or cities. A pun is a figure of speech in which a person uses a word that has two meanings or a word that sounds like another word.

In some verses, he used a word that sounded like the name of that town.
In other verses, he said something about a town that was related to the meaning of its name.

Here is a brief summary of the puns in each verseThis summary is condensed and adapted from EBC (pages 407–8.) and some general advice on how to translate puns. Complete notes on each verse will start with 1:10a.

Beth-leaphrah (1:10b): The name of this city sounds like the Hebrew words that mean “house of dust.” Micah commanded those who live in that town to roll in the dust.
Shaphir (1:11a): This name means “beautiful” or “pleasant” in Hebrew. Micah said that the lives of the people in that town will not be pleasant.
Zaanan (1:11b): This name sounds like the Hebrew word for “come out.” Micah said that the people there will not come out of their city.
Beth-ezel (1:11c): This name probably means “nearby house” in Hebrew. Micah said that Beth-ezel would no longer be nearby to serve as a “standing place” (protection, refuge) for Jerusalem.
Maroth (1:12a): This name sounds like the Hebrew word for “bitter.” Micah said that the people in that town will suffer bitterly.
Lachish (1:13): This name sounds like the Hebrew word for “team of horses.” Micah told the people in that town to flee like running horses.
Moresheth (-gath) (1:14a): This name sounds like the Hebrew word for “betrothed” (engaged to be married). Just like a young woman departs from her family when she gets married, so the people in that town would soon depart from Judah.
Achzib (1:14b): This name means “deception” in Hebrew. That town will be a deception to the kings of Israel. These kings had hoped in vain that the people of Achzib would help them fight the enemy.
Mareshah (1:15a): This name sounds like the Hebrew word for “conqueror.” The LORD will bring an enemy to that town who will conquer them.

In addition to the above puns, Micah also included the names of two places (Gath 1:10a) and Adullam (1:15b) that are famous in Jewish history. Their significance will be discussed in the notes on those verses.

The people to whom Micah spoke over 2,700 years ago understood the puns. They also understood the historical significance of Gath and Adullam. But most people today do not understand these things. That is the reason it is difficult to translate these verses clearly. Here are some general options to consider in translating the puns:

Ignore the puns. Most English versions do this in the actual translation. Just translate the name in the Hebrew text. Those who read your translation will understand the basic meaning of each verse, but they will not know that there was a pun in Hebrew.
Use footnotes to explain the puns. Many English versions with footnotes do this. For example, the NIV uses footnotes at 1:10a, 11b, 12a, 13a, and 15a to explain that a name sounds like another Hebrew word. It uses other footnotes at 1:10b, 11a, and 14b to explain the meaning of the name of a town.
Explain in your translation the meaning or the sound of the names for the cities. If you use this option, you will need to clearly indicate in some way that this information is not part of your translation.

Choose an option that is appropriate for the readers in your language area.

1:10a

Do not tell it in Gath; do not weep at all.

¶ Don’t talk^(plur) about this bad news in the city of Gath. Don’t weep at all, even though you are sad.
¶ People of Judah! Don’t let our^(incl) enemies in Gath hear you talking about this disaster. Do not weep about it.

Do not tell it in Gath: Micah quoted the words “Tell it not in Gath” from 2 Samuel 1:20a, but he changed the order of the words. The Hebrew word order in 2 Samuel 1:20a is literally “Do not tell it in Gath.” In Micah 1:10a, the Hebrew word order is “In Gath do not tell it.” The result in Hebrew is that those words sound similar to the words of the next line “Weep not at all.” The NIV footnote says: “ Gath sounds like the Hebrew for tell.” (The Hebrew word is nagad). Here is the Hebrew for 1:10a: bǝgat ʾal-taggidu—In Gath do not tell [it]. bakoh ʾal-tibku—Do not weep at all.Notice that the three words of each line begin with b, ʾ and t, and that the vowels of each line are similar also. Micah spoke the words in 1:10a to the people in Judah. In some languages, it may be helpful to make this information explicit. For example:

You people of Judah! Don’t tell our enemies in Gath how we have been defeated.

it: This word refers to the news that God would punish his people. Some versions make this explicit. For example:

Don’t tell our enemies in Gath about our defeat (GNT)

Gath: Instead of Gath, the NCV has Acco. It has a footnote that says: “[Acco] This name sounds like the Hebrew word for ‘cry.’” The NIV has the following footnote: “Septuagint may suggest ‘not in Acco.’” All other versions have Gath. JFB (pages 688–689) thinks that “Acco” is a good possibility because of the resemblance to the Hebrew word bakoh “weeping.” Waltke 2007 and NAC (page 57) give persuasive evidence, textual and otherwise, that the correct rendering is Gath. Gath was one of the five main cities of the Philistines. The Philistines were enemies of the Jews. Some versions make this explicit. For example:

Don’t tell our enemies in Gath about our defeat (GNT)

In 2 Samuel 1:20–27, David sang a song to mourn the death of King Saul and Jonathan. David’s song began: “Tell it not in Gath.” David did not want anybody to tell the Philistine people in Gath about Saul’s death, because he did not want the Philistines to be happy about it. Micah deliberately quoted the first verse of David’s song here with a similar meaning.

If you use cross references in your translation, you may want to cross-reference that verse here. You may also want to include a footnote to explain some of the background information. For example:

Gath was a Philistine city (CEV)

The people in Gath were Philistines, enemies of the Jews. Micah did not want them to hear about the terrible things that would happen to the cities in Judah. He did not want them to be glad about it. This part of the verse is a quote from David’s words in 2 Samuel 1:20.

do not weep at all: In Hebrew, this phrase is literally “weeping do not weep.” This repetition gives additional emphasis. Here are some other ways to emphasize this command:

Don’t even cry. (CEV)

Don’t shed even a single tear! (NET)

1:10b

Roll in the dust in Beth-leaphrah.

You^(plur) in Beth-leaphrah, roll in the dust to show your despair.
As for you inhabitants of Beth-leaphrah, mourn because of what will happen.
You people in Beth-leaphrah, the name of your town means “house of dust,” so you will roll in the dust because you are so sad.

Roll in the dust in Beth-leaphrah: Micah spoke these words to the people who lived in the city of Beth-leaphrah. The last part of the name Beth-leaphrah sounds like the Hebrew word for dust (ʿapar). Some scholars think that this name means “House of Dust.” Many English versions supply a footnote to explain this pun. For example:

Beth Ophrah means house of dust. (NIV)

Beth-Leaphrah is unknown, but in Hebrew it sounds like “House of Dust.” (CEV)

If you do not use footnotes, you may want to include this information in your translation. For example:

You people in Beth-leaphrah! The name of your town means “house of dust,” so you will roll in the dust.

Roll in the dust: This is a symbolic action that shows extreme sadness. When the Jews mourned, they sometimes scattered dust or ashes on their heads and bodies. Sometimes they lay down in the dust or ashes and rolled around to cover themselves with the substance.

If people who read your translation do not understand this symbolic action as a sign of mourning, you may want to make the purpose of the action explicit in your translation. For example:

People of Beth Leaphrah, show your despair by rolling in the dust! (GNT)

Another option is to use a footnote instead. For example:

To sit in the dust was an outward sign of mourning. The name Beth Leaphra means “house of dust.” (NET footnote)

Beth-leaphrah: The name of this town is spelled in several ways in English versions. For example:

Bethleaphrah (RSV)

Beth Leaphrah (GNT)

Beth Leaphra (NET)

Beth-Leaphrah (NJB)

Beth-le-aphrah (ESV)

Beth Ophrah (NIV)

Beth-aphrah (REB)

You may want to use a spelling that fits the phonetic rules of your language or a spelling that is used in a language of wider communication in your country.

Parallel MIC 1:10

Section 1:8–16: Micah mourned because an enemy army will invade Judah and take many people into exile

Paragraph 1:10–16

1:10a

1:10b