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InterlinearVerse GEN EXO LEV NUM DEU JOB JOS JDG RUTH 1 SAM 2 SAM PSA AMOS HOS 1 KI 2 KI 1 CHR 2 CHR PROV ECC SNG JOEL MIC ISA ZEP HAB JER LAM YNA (JNA) NAH OBA DAN EZE EZRA EST NEH HAG ZEC MAL LAO GES LES ESG DNG 2 PS TOB JDT ESA WIS SIR BAR LJE PAZ SUS BEL MAN 1 MAC 2 MAC 3 MAC 4 MAC YHN (JHN) MARK MAT LUKE ACTs YAC (JAM) GAL 1 TH 2 TH 1 COR 2 COR ROM COL PHM EPH PHP 1 TIM TIT 1 PET 2 PET 2 TIM HEB YUD (JUD) 1 YHN (1 JHN) 2 YHN (2 JHN) 3 YHN (3 JHN) REV

Hos C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14

Hos 10 V1 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15

OET interlinear HOS 10:2

◄ ← HOS 10:2 ↓ → ► ║ ≡ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. חָלַק
    2. 523113
    3. It is smooth
    4. -
    6. V-Vqp3ms
    7. it_is_smooth
    8. S
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365601
    1. לִבָּ,ם
    2. 523114,523115
    3. heart of their
    4. heart
    6. S-Ncmsc,Sp3mp
    7. heart_of,their
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365602
    1. עַתָּה
    2. 523116
    3. now
    4. -
    5. 6258
    6. S-D
    7. now
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365603
    1. יֶאְשָׁמוּ
    2. 523117
    3. they will be held guilty
    4. they must guilt
    5. 816
    6. V-Vqi3mp
    7. they_will_be_held_guilty
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365604
    1. הוּא
    2. 523118
    3. he
    4. -
    5. 1931
    6. S-Pp3ms
    7. he
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365605
    1. יַעֲרֹף
    2. 523119
    3. he will break
    4. break
    5. 6202
    6. V-Vqi3ms
    7. he_will_break
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365606
    1. מִזְבְּחוֹתָ,ם
    2. 523120,523121
    3. altars of their
    4. altars
    5. 4196
    6. O-Ncmpc,Sp3mp
    7. altars_of,their
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365607
    1. יְשֹׁדֵד
    2. 523122
    3. he will destroy
    4. destroy
    5. 7703
    6. V-Vmi3ms
    7. he_will_destroy
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365608
    1. מַצֵּבוֹתָ,ם
    2. 523123,523124
    3. pillars of their sacred
    4. pillars
    5. 4676
    6. O-Ncfpc,Sp3mp
    7. pillars_of,their_sacred
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365609
    2. 523125
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 365610

OET (OET-LV) heart_of_their It_is_smooth now they_will_be_held_guilty he he_will_break altars_of_their he_will_destroy pillars_of_their_sacred.

OET (OET-RV) Their heart is deceitful.
 ⇔ → Now they must bear their guilt.
 ⇔ He will break down their altars.
 ⇔ ≈ He’ll destroy their pillars.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 10:1–8: Why Israel should be punished

In this section, Hosea gives examples of the sins of Israel. The examples show why it is fair for the LORD to judge them. This section has a similar pattern to section 9:10–17. Both sections give examples from agriculture to illustrate the joyful beginning of the relationship between the LORD and the people of Israel and their shocking response of betrayal against him. In this section, Hosea is the speaker.

Here are some other examples of section headings:

Retribution for Israel’s Sin (NASB)

The Lord’s judgment against Israel (NLT)

Hosea warns Israel that it will be punished

Paragraph 10:1–2

In this paragraph, Hosea describes the changes that have occurred in Israel. In the past, Israel was prosperous and productive. But the people turned away from the LORD to worship false gods. As a result of their sin, the LORD will cause their places of worship to be destroyed.

10:2a

Their hearts are devious; now they must bear their guilt.

Their hearts are devious: This expression indicates that being deviousSee Macintosh (pages 388–389) for further discussion. was a characteristic of the people that resulted from their faulty and perverse reasoning.Macintosh (page 389) and McComiskey (page 160).

Here are other ways to translate this expression:

Their heart is false (NRSV)

They have an insincere heart

Their heart is deceptive

Their hearts: The people of Israel considered the heart to be the center of attitudes and thoughts. Some languages use a different body organ, such as the liver, to signify the center of attitudes and thoughts. Use an expression that is natural in your language for this purpose.

In Hebrew, the word Their is plural but “heart” is singular. The phrase Their heart indicates that the people share in common a deceitful way of thinking. In some languages, it may be unnatural to refer to a group of people as having one heart. If so, it may be necessary to make the word “heart” or other body organ plural. For example:

The people whose hearts are deceitful (GNT)

In some languages, it may be preferable to express the same meaning without reference to a body organ. For example:

They are hypocrites (GW)

You are deceitful and disloyal (CEV)

now they must bear their guilt: This clause indicates that the time has arrived for the LORD to punish the nation. He will make them pay or suffer for their guilt.HALOT (electronic ed., pages 95–96), McComiskey (page 160). The word now indicates that he will not wait any longer.

Here are some other ways to translate this clause:

they are guilty and must be punished (NLT)

The people whose hearts are deceitful must now suffer for their sins. (GNT)

They will be punished for their sins.

10:2b

The LORD will break down their altars

10:2c

and demolish their sacred pillars.

10:2b–c

Notice the parallel parts that are similar in meaning:

2bThe LORD will break down their altars

2cand demolish their sacred pillars.

The LORD will break down their altars and demolish their sacred pillars: These lines describe what the LORDThe Hebrew word is literally the pronoun “he.” Some rabbinic scholars of the past interpreted the pronoun referent to be “their heart.” Jerome, however, interpreted the pronoun referent to be “the LORD.” See Macintosh (pages 389–390) for more details. Most modern scholars and versions follow Jerome’s interpretation. will do to the altars and sacred pillars that Hosea described in 10:1b–c. He will destroy them. The form of the Hebrew pronoun that is used here emphasizes the LORD as the agent of destruction. Some versions make this emphasis explicit. For example:

He himself will hack down their altars and wreck their sacred pillars. (NJB)

The Lord himself will break down their altars and demolish their sacred pillars.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

חָלַ֥ק לִבָּ֖⁠ם

false heart_of,their

Here the heart represents where the people’s motives and intentions exist. By describing it as if it were slippery, the speaker shows that their motives and intensions were insincere and deceitful, as they were divided in their devotion to Yahweh. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [Their motives are insincere and deceitful]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

יֶאְשָׁ֑מוּ

bear_~_guilt

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of guilt, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: [they will be punished for their wrongdoing]

Note 3 topic: writing-pronouns

ה֚וּא יַעֲרֹ֣ף

he/it break_down

The speaker is stating the pronoun He separately, even though the verb translated as he will break already includes this meaning. He is doing that to emphasize that it is Yahweh who will perform this action. If a speaker of your language would use an explicit pronoun for the same purpose, you may want to use that construction in your translation. If not, your language may have other ways of showing that meaning here. Alternate translation: [Yahweh himself will break the neck of]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

יַעֲרֹ֣ף מִזְבְּחוֹתָ֔⁠ם

break_down altars_of,their

The speaker is using the expression break the neck of as a common expression of the culture to mean “completely destroy.” If this phrase does not have that meaning for your readers, you could use a comparable expression from your language that does have that meaning, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [he will completely destroy their altars]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. heart of their
    2. heart
    3. 3747,1978
    5. 523114,523115
    6. S-Ncmsc,Sp3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365602
    1. It is smooth
    2. -
    3. 2556
    5. 523113
    6. V-Vqp3ms
    8. S
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365601
    1. now
    2. -
    3. 5891
    5. 523116
    6. S-D
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365603
    1. they will be held guilty
    2. they must guilt
    3. 742
    5. 523117
    6. V-Vqi3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365604
    1. he
    2. -
    3. 1978
    5. 523118
    6. S-Pp3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365605
    1. he will break
    2. break
    3. 6010
    5. 523119
    6. V-Vqi3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365606
    1. altars of their
    2. altars
    3. 4065,1978
    5. 523120,523121
    6. O-Ncmpc,Sp3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365607
    1. he will destroy
    2. destroy
    3. 7781
    5. 523122
    6. V-Vmi3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365608
    1. pillars of their sacred
    2. pillars
    3. 4568,1978
    5. 523123,523124
    6. O-Ncfpc,Sp3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365609

OET (OET-LV) heart_of_their It_is_smooth now they_will_be_held_guilty he he_will_break altars_of_their he_will_destroy pillars_of_their_sacred.

OET (OET-RV) Their heart is deceitful.
 ⇔ → Now they must bear their guilt.
 ⇔ He will break down their altars.
 ⇔ ≈ He’ll destroy their pillars.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← HOS 10:2 ↑ → ► ║ ≡ ©