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interlinearVerse INT GEN EXO LEV NUM DEU JOS JDG RUTH 1SA 2SA 1KI 2KI 1CH 2CH EZRA NEH EST JOB PSA PRO ECC SNG ISA JER LAM EZE DAN HOS JOEL AMOS OBA YNA MIC NAH HAB ZEP HAG ZEC MAL YHN MARK MAT LUKE ACTs ROM 1COR 2COR GAL EPH PHP COL 1TH 2TH 1TIM 2TIM TIT PHM HEB YAC 1PET 2PET 1YHN 2YHN 3YHN YUD REV
◄ ← 1YHN (1JHN) 3:12 ↓ → ► ║ ©
OET (OET-LV) not as Kain/(Qayin) of the evil one was, and slayed the brother of_him.
And for_ what _reason_of he_slayed him?
Because the works of_him was evil, but the ones of_the brother of_him, righteous.
OET (OET-RV) not living like Cain who belonged to the evil one and went on to murder his brother. And why did he kill him? Because his own actions were evil, but his brother Abel followed God’s instructions.
Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / ellipsis
οὐ καθὼς Κάϊν
not as Cain
John is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. Alternate translation: “so we should not be like Cain”
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit
Κάϊν & ἔσφαξεν τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ
Cain & slayed the brother ˱of˲_him
John assumes that his readers will know that Cain was a son of the first man and woman, Adam and Eve. As the book of Genesis describes, Cain was jealous of his younger brother Abel and murdered him. If your readers might not know this, you could express this explicitly in a footnote or by putting the names of his parents and brother in the text. Alternate translation: “Cain, the son of the first man and woman, Adam and Eve, … murdered his younger brother Abel”
Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom
ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ ἦν
of the evil_‹one› was
This is similar to the phrase “from the devil” in 3:8. See how you translated that phrase. Alternate translation: “who belonged to the evil one” or “who was influenced by the evil one”
Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / nominaladj
τοῦ πονηροῦ
the evil_‹one›
John is using the adjective evil as a noun in order to indicate a specific being. ULT adds one to show this. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “the one who is evil”
Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy
τοῦ πονηροῦ
the evil_‹one›
John is speaking of the devil by association with the way that he is evil. Alternate translation: “the devil”
Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / rquestion
καὶ χάριν τίνος ἔσφαξεν αὐτόν? ὅτι
and and for_reason_of what ˱he˲_slayed him because
John is using a question as a teaching tool. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question by translating his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “He killed him because”
Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / ellipsis
τὰ δὲ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ, δίκαια
the the_‹ones› but ˱of˲_the brother ˱of˲_him righteous
John is leaving out a word, “were,” that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. The word “were” can be supplied for clarity. Alternate translation: “but his brother’s works were righteous”
3:11-22 John now focuses on the believers’ need to love one another (see John 13:34).
OET (OET-LV) not as Kain/(Qayin) of the evil one was, and slayed the brother of_him.
And for_ what _reason_of he_slayed him?
Because the works of_him was evil, but the ones of_the brother of_him, righteous.
OET (OET-RV) not living like Cain who belonged to the evil one and went on to murder his brother. And why did he kill him? Because his own actions were evil, but his brother Abel followed God’s instructions.
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the SR-GNT.