Open Bible Data Home  About  News  OET Key

OET OET-RV OET-LV ULT UST BSB MSB BLB AICNT OEB WEBBE WMBB NET LSV FBV TCNT T4T LEB BBE Moff JPS Wymth ASV DRA YLT Drby RV SLT Wbstr KJB-1769 KJB-1611 Bshps Gnva Cvdl TNT Wycl SR-GNT UHB BrLXX BrTr Related Topics Parallel Interlinear Reference Dictionary Search

InterlinearVerse GEN EXO LEV NUM DEU JOB JOS JDG RUTH 1 SAM 2 SAM PSA AMOS HOS 1 KI 2 KI 1 CHR 2 CHR PROV ECC SNG JOEL MIC ISA ZEP HAB JER LAM YNA (JNA) NAH OBA DAN EZE EZRA EST NEH HAG ZEC MAL LAO GES LES ESG DNG 2 PS TOB JDT WIS SIR BAR LJE PAZ SUS BEL MAN 1 MAC 2 MAC 3 MAC 4 MAC YHN (JHN) MARK MAT LUKE ACTs YAC (JAM) GAL 1 TH 2 TH 1 COR 2 COR ROM COL PHM EPH PHP 1 TIM TIT 1 PET 2 PET 2 TIM HEB YUD (JUD) 1 YHN 2 YHN (2 JHN) 3 YHN (3 JHN) REV

1 Yhn C1 C2 C3 C4 C5

1 Yhn 3 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22 V23 V24

OET interlinear 1 YHN (1 JHN) 3:12

◄ ← 1 YHN (1 JHN) 3:12 ↓ → ► ║ ©

SR Greek word order

    1. Greek word
    2. Greek lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. οὒ
    2. ou
    3. not
    4. -
    5. 37560
    6. D·······
    7. not
    8. not
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152871
    1. καθώς
    2. kathōs
    3. as
    4. -
    5. 25310
    6. C·······
    7. as
    8. as
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152872
    1. Κάϊν
    2. kain
    3. Kain/(Qayin)
    4. Cain
    5. 25350
    6. N····NMS
    7. Kain/(Qayin)
    8. Cain
    9. U
    10. Person=Cain; Y90; F152879; F152882; F152886; F152891; F152898
    11. 152873
    1. ἐκ
    2. ek
    3. of
    4. -
    5. 15370
    6. P·······
    7. of
    8. of
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152874
    1. τοῦ
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····GMS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152875
    1. πονηροῦ
    2. ponēros
    3. evil one
    4. -
    5. 41900
    6. S····GMS
    7. evil ‹one›
    8. evil ‹one›
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152876
    1. ἦν
    2. eimi
    3. was
    4. -
    5. 15100
    6. VIIA3··S
    7. was
    8. was
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152877
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152878
    1. ἔσφαξεν
    2. sfazō
    3. slayed
    4. -
    5. 49690
    6. VIAA3··S
    7. slayed
    8. slayed
    9. -
    10. Y90; R152873; Person=Cain
    11. 152879
    1. τόν
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····AMS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152880
    1. ἀδελφόν
    2. adelfos
    3. brother
    4. -
    5. 800
    6. N····AMS
    7. brother
    8. brother
    9. -
    10. Y90; F152887
    11. 152881
    1. αὐτοῦ
    2. autos
    3. of him
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3GMS
    7. ˱of˲ him
    8. ˱of˲ him
    9. -
    10. Y90; R152873; Person=Cain
    11. 152882
    1. Καί
    2. kai
    3. And
    4. and but
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. S
    10. Y90
    11. 152883
    1. χάριν
    2. χarin
    3. for reason of
    4. -
    5. 54840
    6. P·······
    7. for_reason_of
    8. for_reason_of
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152884
    1. τίνος
    2. tis
    3. what
    4. -
    5. 51010
    6. R····GNS
    7. what
    8. what
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152885
    1. ἔσφαξεν
    2. sfazō
    3. he slayed
    4. -
    5. 49690
    6. VIAA3··S
    7. ˱he˲ slayed
    8. ˱he˲ slayed
    9. -
    10. Y90; R152873; Person=Cain
    11. 152886
    1. αὐτόν
    2. autos
    3. him
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3AMS
    7. him
    8. him
    9. -
    10. Y90; R152881
    11. 152887
    1. Ὅτι
    2. hoti
    3. Because
    4. Because
    5. 37540
    6. C·······
    7. because
    8. because
    9. S
    10. Y90
    11. 152888
    1. τά
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····NNP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152889
    1. ἔργα
    2. ergon
    3. works
    4. -
    5. 20410
    6. N····NNP
    7. works
    8. works
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152890
    1. αὐτοῦ
    2. autos
    3. of him
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3GMS
    7. ˱of˲ him
    8. ˱of˲ him
    9. -
    10. Y90; R152873; Person=Cain
    11. 152891
    1. πονηρά
    2. ponēros
    3. evil
    4. -
    5. 41900
    6. S····NNP
    7. evil
    8. evil
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152892
    1. ἦν
    2. eimi
    3. was
    4. -
    5. 15100
    6. VIIA3··S
    7. was
    8. was
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152893
    1. τά
    2. ho
    3. the ones
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. R····NNP
    7. the ‹ones›
    8. the ‹ones›
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152894
    1. δέ
    2. de
    3. but
    4. -
    5. 11610
    6. C·······
    7. but
    8. but
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152895
    1. τοῦ
    2. ho
    3. of the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····GMS
    7. ˱of˲ the
    8. ˱of˲ the
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152896
    1. ἀδελφοῦ
    2. adelfos
    3. brother
    4. -
    5. 800
    6. N····GMS
    7. brother
    8. brother
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152897
    1. αὐτοῦ
    2. autos
    3. of him
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3GMS
    7. ˱of˲ him
    8. ˱of˲ him
    9. -
    10. Y90; R152873; Person=Cain
    11. 152898
    1. δικαία
    2. dikaios
    3. righteous
    4. -
    5. 13420
    6. S····NNP
    7. righteous
    8. righteous
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152899

OET (OET-LV) not as Kain/(Qayin) of the evil one was, and slayed the brother of_him.
And for_ what _reason_of he_slayed him?
Because the works of_him was evil, but the ones of_the brother of_him, righteous.

OET (OET-RV) not living like Cain who belonged to the evil one and went on to murder his brother. And why did he kill him? Because his own actions were evil, but his brother Hevel/Abel followed God’s instructions.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 2:28–4:6: We should obey God’s commands in order to avoid being ashamed when we meet Christ

Read 2:28–4:6 carefully.

Section Theme: In this section (after the main theme in 2:28–29), John is saying that in order not to be ashamed when we meet Christ we must do the following:

3:1–10

We should live pure and righteous lives as Christ did.

3:11–18

We should love and help our fellow Christians.

3:19–24

We should obey God’s commands to believe in his Son and to love one another.

4:1–6

We should carefully test what teachers say so that we know whether they are speaking for the Holy Spirit.

Paragraph 3:11–12

Read 3:11–12 in both BSB and GNT. Compare the two versions.

Paragraph Theme: These verses link what John has just said about living pure lives to what he is going to say in 3:13–18 about the importance of loving one another.

3:12 (Logical Relationship)

John illustrates the command to love one’s brother by using Cain as a contrasting example (from Genesis 4). Cain did not love his brother and his deeds were evil. Read Genesis 4:1–16 before translating this verse.

3:12a

Do not be like Cain,

Cain: (New Participant) Cain has not been mentioned previously in this letter, so you may need to be careful how you refer to him in your translation. He was someone who lived a very long time before John and his readers, but they all knew about him.

3:12b

who belonged to the evil one

belonged to the evil one: (Meaning) See the note on 3:8a “is of the devil.” The meaning is the same here.

the evil one: (Meaning) As in 2:13e, this refers to Satan. See the note on 2:13e.

3:12c

and murdered his brother.

brother: (Lexical Problem) This refers to Abel, who was Cain’s younger brother.

3:12d

And why did Cain slay him?

And why did Cain slay him?: (Rhetorical Question) This is a rhetorical question used to emphasize the fact that the reason Cain committed murder was because he continually did evil. This showed that he belonged to Satan. If rhetorical questions are not used in this way in your language it will be necessary to use an emphatic statement. See JB.

3:12e

Because his own deeds were evil, while those of his brother were righteous.

his own deeds: (Meaning) This probably refers to Cain’s whole way of life, not just the fact that he made an offering of grain to God instead of an animal sacrifice.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / ellipsis

οὐ καθὼς Κάϊν

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: οὒ καθώς Κάϊν ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ ἦν καί ἔσφαξεν τόν ἀδελφόν αὐτοῦ Καί χάριν τίνος ἔσφαξεν αὐτόν Ὅτι τά ἔργα αὐτοῦ πονηρά ἦν τά δέ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ δικαία)

John is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. Alternate translation: [so we should not be like Cain]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

Κάϊν & ἔσφαξεν τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ

Cain & slayed (Some words not found in SR-GNT: οὒ καθώς Κάϊν ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ ἦν καί ἔσφαξεν τόν ἀδελφόν αὐτοῦ Καί χάριν τίνος ἔσφαξεν αὐτόν Ὅτι τά ἔργα αὐτοῦ πονηρά ἦν τά δέ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ δικαία)

John assumes that his readers will know that Cain was a son of the first man and woman, Adam and Eve. As the book of Genesis describes, Cain was jealous of his younger brother Abel and murdered him. If your readers might not know this, you could express this explicitly in a footnote or by putting the names of his parents and brother in the text. Alternate translation: [Cain, the son of the first man and woman, Adam and Eve, … murdered his younger brother Abel]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ ἦν

of the evil_‹one› was

This is similar to the phrase “from the devil” in [3:8](../03/08.md). See how you translated that phrase. Alternate translation: [who belonged to the evil one] or [who was influenced by the evil one]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / nominaladj

τοῦ πονηροῦ

the evil_‹one›

John is using the adjective evil as a noun in order to indicate a specific being. ULT adds one to show this. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: [the one who is evil]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

τοῦ πονηροῦ

the evil_‹one›

John is speaking of the devil by association with the way that he is evil. Alternate translation: [the devil]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / rquestion

καὶ χάριν τίνος ἔσφαξεν αὐτόν? ὅτι

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: οὒ καθώς Κάϊν ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ ἦν καί ἔσφαξεν τόν ἀδελφόν αὐτοῦ Καί χάριν τίνος ἔσφαξεν αὐτόν Ὅτι τά ἔργα αὐτοῦ πονηρά ἦν τά δέ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ δικαία)

John is using a question as a teaching tool. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question by translating his words as a statement. Alternate translation: [He killed him because]

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / ellipsis

τὰ δὲ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ, δίκαια

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: οὒ καθώς Κάϊν ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ ἦν καί ἔσφαξεν τόν ἀδελφόν αὐτοῦ Καί χάριν τίνος ἔσφαξεν αὐτόν Ὅτι τά ἔργα αὐτοῦ πονηρά ἦν τά δέ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ δικαία)

John is leaving out a word, “were,” that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. The word “were” can be supplied for clarity. Alternate translation: [but his brother’s works were righteous]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Greek word
    5. Greek lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. not
    2. -
    3. 37560
    5. ou
    6. D-·······
    7. not
    8. not
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152871
    1. as
    2. -
    3. 25310
    5. kathōs
    6. C-·······
    7. as
    8. as
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152872
    1. Kain/(Qayin)
    2. Cain
    3. 25350
    4. U
    5. kain
    6. N-····NMS
    7. Kain/(Qayin)
    8. Cain
    9. U
    10. Person=Cain; Y90; F152879; F152882; F152886; F152891; F152898
    11. 152873
    1. of
    2. -
    3. 15370
    5. ek
    6. P-·······
    7. of
    8. of
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152874
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····GMS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152875
    1. evil one
    2. -
    3. 41900
    5. ponēros
    6. S-····GMS
    7. evil ‹one›
    8. evil ‹one›
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152876
    1. was
    2. -
    3. 15100
    5. eimi
    6. V-IIA3··S
    7. was
    8. was
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152877
    1. and
    2. -
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152878
    1. slayed
    2. -
    3. 49690
    5. sfazō
    6. V-IAA3··S
    7. slayed
    8. slayed
    9. -
    10. Y90; R152873; Person=Cain
    11. 152879
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····AMS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152880
    1. brother
    2. -
    3. 800
    5. adelfos
    6. N-····AMS
    7. brother
    8. brother
    9. -
    10. Y90; F152887
    11. 152881
    1. of him
    2. -
    3. 8460
    5. autos
    6. R-···3GMS
    7. ˱of˲ him
    8. ˱of˲ him
    9. -
    10. Y90; R152873; Person=Cain
    11. 152882
    1. And
    2. and but
    3. 25320
    4. S
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. S
    10. Y90
    11. 152883
    1. for
    2. -
    3. 54840
    5. χarin
    6. P-·······
    7. for_reason_of
    8. for_reason_of
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152884
    1. what
    2. -
    3. 51010
    5. tis
    6. R-····GNS
    7. what
    8. what
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152885
    1. reason of
    2. -
    3. 54840
    5. χarin
    6. P-·······
    7. for_reason_of
    8. for_reason_of
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152884
    1. he slayed
    2. -
    3. 49690
    5. sfazō
    6. V-IAA3··S
    7. ˱he˲ slayed
    8. ˱he˲ slayed
    9. -
    10. Y90; R152873; Person=Cain
    11. 152886
    1. him
    2. -
    3. 8460
    5. autos
    6. R-···3AMS
    7. him
    8. him
    9. -
    10. Y90; R152881
    11. 152887
    1. Because
    2. Because
    3. 37540
    4. S
    5. hoti
    6. C-·······
    7. because
    8. because
    9. S
    10. Y90
    11. 152888
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····NNP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152889
    1. works
    2. -
    3. 20410
    5. ergon
    6. N-····NNP
    7. works
    8. works
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152890
    1. of him
    2. -
    3. 8460
    5. autos
    6. R-···3GMS
    7. ˱of˲ him
    8. ˱of˲ him
    9. -
    10. Y90; R152873; Person=Cain
    11. 152891
    1. was
    2. -
    3. 15100
    5. eimi
    6. V-IIA3··S
    7. was
    8. was
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152893
    1. evil
    2. -
    3. 41900
    5. ponēros
    6. S-····NNP
    7. evil
    8. evil
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152892
    1. but
    2. -
    3. 11610
    5. de
    6. C-·······
    7. but
    8. but
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152895
    1. the ones
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. R-····NNP
    7. the ‹ones›
    8. the ‹ones›
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152894
    1. of the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····GMS
    7. ˱of˲ the
    8. ˱of˲ the
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152896
    1. brother
    2. -
    3. 800
    5. adelfos
    6. N-····GMS
    7. brother
    8. brother
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152897
    1. of him
    2. -
    3. 8460
    5. autos
    6. R-···3GMS
    7. ˱of˲ him
    8. ˱of˲ him
    9. -
    10. Y90; R152873; Person=Cain
    11. 152898
    1. righteous
    2. -
    3. 13420
    5. dikaios
    6. S-····NNP
    7. righteous
    8. righteous
    9. -
    10. Y90
    11. 152899

OET (OET-LV) not as Kain/(Qayin) of the evil one was, and slayed the brother of_him.
And for_ what _reason_of he_slayed him?
Because the works of_him was evil, but the ones of_the brother of_him, righteous.

OET (OET-RV) not living like Cain who belonged to the evil one and went on to murder his brother. And why did he kill him? Because his own actions were evil, but his brother Hevel/Abel followed God’s instructions.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET logo mark

◄ ← 1 YHN (1 JHN) 3:12 ↑ → ► ║ ©