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Lam C1 C2 C3 C4 C5

Lam 4 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22

OET interlinear LAM 4:8

◄ ← LAM 4:8 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. חָשַׁךְ
    2. 475266
    3. it is dark
    4. -
    5. 2821
    6. V-Vqp3ms
    7. it_is_dark
    8. -
    9. Y-588
    10. 333049
    1. מִ,שְּׁחוֹר
    2. 475267,475268
    3. more than soot
    4. -
    5. 7815
    6. S-R,Ncmsa
    7. more,than_soot
    8. -
    9. Y-588
    10. 333050
    1. תָּאֳרָ,ם
    2. 475269,475270
    3. appearance of their
    4. -
    5. 8389
    6. S-Ncmsc,Sp3mp
    7. appearance_of,their
    8. -
    9. Y-588
    10. 333051
    1. לֹא
    2. 475271
    3. not
    4. -
    5. 3808
    6. S-Tn
    7. not
    8. -
    9. Y-588
    10. 333052
    1. נִכְּרוּ
    2. 475272
    3. they are recognized
    4. recognised
    6. V-VNp3cp
    7. they_are_recognized
    8. -
    9. Y-588
    10. 333053
    1. בַּ,חוּצוֹת
    2. 475273,475274
    3. in streets
    4. in streets on
    5. 2351
    6. S-Rd,Ncmpa
    7. in,streets
    8. -
    9. Y-588
    10. 333054
    1. צָפַד
    2. 475275
    3. it has shrivelled
    4. shrivelled
    5. 6821
    6. V-Vqp3ms
    7. it_has_shriveled
    8. -
    9. Y-588
    10. 333055
    1. עוֹרָ,ם
    2. 475276,475277
    3. skin of their
    4. -
    5. 5785
    6. S-Ncmsc,Sp3mp
    7. skin_of,their
    8. -
    9. Y-588
    10. 333056
    1. עַל
    2. 475278
    3. on
    4. -
    6. S-R
    7. on
    8. -
    9. Y-588
    10. 333057
    2. 475279
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 333058
    1. עַצְמָ,ם
    2. 475280,475281
    3. bone of their
    4. bones
    5. 6106
    6. S-Ncfsc,Sp3mp
    7. bone_of,their
    8. -
    9. Y-588
    10. 333059
    1. יָבֵשׁ
    2. 475282
    3. dry
    4. -
    5. 3001
    6. V-Vqp3ms
    7. dry
    8. -
    9. Y-588
    10. 333060
    1. הָיָה
    2. 475283
    3. it has become
    4. become
    5. 1961
    6. V-Vqp3ms
    7. it_has_become
    8. -
    9. Y-588
    10. 333061
    1. כָ,עֵץ
    2. 475284,475285
    3. like wood
    4. -
    5. 6086
    6. S-Rd,Ncmsa
    7. like,wood
    8. -
    9. Y-588
    10. 333062
    2. 475286
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 333063
    2. 475287
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-samekh
    8. S
    9. -
    10. 333064

OET (OET-LV) it_is_dark more_than_soot appearance_of_their not they_are_recognized in_streets skin_of_their it_has_shrivelled on bone_of_their dry it_has_become like_wood.

OET (OET-RV) Blackness has darkened their form—they’re not even recognised in the streets.
 ⇔ Their skin has shrivelled on their bones—it’s become as dry and stiff as bark.

uW Translation Notes:

(Occurrence 0) Their appearance now is darker than soot

(Some words not found in UHB: blacker more,than_soot appearance_of,their not recognized in,streets shrivelled skin_of,their on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in bone_of,their dry it_became like,wood )

This may be because: (1) the sun has darkened the leaders’ skin or (2) the soot from the fires that burned Jerusalem has covered their faces.

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

(Occurrence 0) they are not recognized

(Some words not found in UHB: blacker more,than_soot appearance_of,their not recognized in,streets shrivelled skin_of,their on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in bone_of,their dry it_became like,wood )

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one can recognize them”

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

(Occurrence 0) Their skin has shriveled on their bones

(Some words not found in UHB: blacker more,than_soot appearance_of,their not recognized in,streets shrivelled skin_of,their on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in bone_of,their dry it_became like,wood )

This implies that there was not much muscle or fat under the skin.

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / simile

(Occurrence 0) it has become as dry as wood

(Some words not found in UHB: blacker more,than_soot appearance_of,their not recognized in,streets shrivelled skin_of,their on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in bone_of,their dry it_became like,wood )

Their dry skin is compared to dry wood.

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

4:8 Skin sticking to bones is symptomatic of the final stages of starvation, just before death.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. it is dark
    2. -
    3. 2655
    5. 475266
    6. V-Vqp3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-588
    10. 333049
    1. more than soot
    2. -
    3. 4129,7456
    5. 475267,475268
    6. S-R,Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-588
    10. 333050
    1. appearance of their
    2. -
    3. 8392,1978
    5. 475269,475270
    6. S-Ncmsc,Sp3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-588
    10. 333051
    1. not
    2. -
    3. 3835
    5. 475271
    6. S-Tn
    8. -
    9. Y-588
    10. 333052
    1. they are recognized
    2. recognised
    3. 5174
    5. 475272
    6. V-VNp3cp
    8. -
    9. Y-588
    10. 333053
    1. in streets
    2. in streets on
    3. 846,2756
    5. 475273,475274
    6. S-Rd,Ncmpa
    8. -
    9. Y-588
    10. 333054
    1. skin of their
    2. -
    3. 6108,1978
    5. 475276,475277
    6. S-Ncmsc,Sp3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-588
    10. 333056
    1. it has shrivelled
    2. shrivelled
    3. 6677
    5. 475275
    6. V-Vqp3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-588
    10. 333055
    1. on
    2. -
    3. 5837
    5. 475278
    6. S-R
    8. -
    9. Y-588
    10. 333057
    1. bone of their
    2. bones
    3. 5775,1978
    5. 475280,475281
    6. S-Ncfsc,Sp3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-588
    10. 333059
    1. dry
    2. -
    3. 3188
    5. 475282
    6. V-Vqp3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-588
    10. 333060
    1. it has become
    2. become
    3. 1929
    5. 475283
    6. V-Vqp3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-588
    10. 333061
    1. like wood
    2. -
    3. 3418,5736
    5. 475284,475285
    6. S-Rd,Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-588
    10. 333062

OET (OET-LV) it_is_dark more_than_soot appearance_of_their not they_are_recognized in_streets skin_of_their it_has_shrivelled on bone_of_their dry it_has_become like_wood.

OET (OET-RV) Blackness has darkened their form—they’re not even recognised in the streets.
 ⇔ Their skin has shrivelled on their bones—it’s become as dry and stiff as bark.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← LAM 4:8 ↑ → ► ║ ©