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ParallelVerse GENEXOLEVNUMDEUJOBJOSJDGRUTH1 SAM2 SAMPSAAMOSHOS1 KI2 KI1 CHR2 CHRPROVECCSNGJOELMICISAZEPHABJERLAMYNA (JNA)NAHOBADANEZEEZRAESTNEHHAGZECMALLAOGESLESESGDNG2 PSTOBJDTWISSIRBARLJEPAZSUSBELMAN1 MAC2 MAC3 MAC4 MACYHN (JHN)MARKMATLUKEACTsYAC (JAM)GAL1 TH2 TH1 COR2 CORROMCOLPHMEPHPHP1 TIMTIT1 PET2 PET2 TIMHEBYUD (JUD)1 YHN (1 JHN)2 YHN (2 JHN)3 YHN (3 JHN)REV

Hos IntroC1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8C9C10C11C12C13C14

Hos 7 V1V2V3V5V6V7V8V9V10V11V12V13V14V15V16

Parallel HOS 7:4

Note: This view shows ‘verses’ which are not natural language units and hence sometimes only part of a sentence will be visible—click on any Bible version abbreviation down the left-hand side to see the verse in more of its context. Normally the OET discourages the reading of individual ‘verses’, but this view is only designed as a tool for doing comparisons of different translations—the older translations are further down the page (so you can read up from the bottom to trace the English translation history). The OET segments on this page are still very early looks into the unfinished texts of the Open English Translation of the Bible—please double-check these texts in advance before using in public.

BI Hos 7:4 ©

Text critical issues=small word differences Clarity of original=clear Importance to us=normal(All still tentative.)

OET (OET-RV)They’re all adulterers, like an oven overheated by the baker.
 ⇔ He shouldn’t have stoked the fire from the kneading of the dough until after it’s risen.OET logo mark

OET-LVOf_them_of_all are_adulterers like an_oven which_burns from_a_baker who_he_ceases stirring_up from_kneading the_dough until it_is_leavened.
OET logo mark

UHBכֻּלָּ⁠ם֙ מְנָ֣אֲפִ֔ים כְּמ֣וֹ תַנּ֔וּר בֹּעֵ֖רָה מֵֽ⁠אֹפֶ֑ה יִשְׁבּ֣וֹת מֵעִ֔יר מִ⁠לּ֥וּשׁ בָּצֵ֖ק עַד־חֻמְצָתֽ⁠וֹ׃
   (kullā⁠m mənāʼₐfim kə tannūr boˊērāh mē⁠ʼofeh yishbōt mēˊir mi⁠llūsh bāʦēq ˊad-ḩumʦāt⁠ō.)

Key: khaki:verbs.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).

BrLXXΠάντες μοιχεύοντες ὡς κλίβανος καιόμενος εἰς πέψιν κατακαύματος ἀπὸ τῆς φλογὸς, ἀπὸ φυράσεως στέατος, ἕως τοῦ ζυμωθῆναι αὐτό.
   (Pantes moiⱪeuontes hōs klibanos kaiomenos eis pepsin katakaumatos apo taʸs flogos, apo furaseōs steatos, heōs tou zumōthaʸnai auto. )

BrTrThey are all adulterers, as an oven glowing with flame for hot-baking, on account of the kneading of the dough, until it is leavened.

ULTThey are all adulterers,
 ⇔ like an oven heated by the baker,
 ⇔ who ceases to stir the fire
 ⇔ from the kneading of the dough until it is leavened.

USTThey are all sexually immoral;
 ⇔ they burn with lust like a baker’s oven that is burning hot;
 ⇔ once he lights the fire, he does not need to put any more wood on it,
 ⇔ until he is ready to bake the bread.

BSBThey are all adulterers,
 ⇔ like an oven heated by a baker
 ⇔ who needs not stoke the fire
 ⇔ from the kneading to the rising of the dough.

MSB (Same as BSB above)


OEBsince they are all of them adulterers.
 ⇔ Their desire to do evil
 ⇔ burns like an oven heated by the baker,
 ⇔ so hot that he need not stir the fire,
 ⇔ from the kneading of the dough, until it rises.

WEBBEThey are all adulterers.
 ⇔ They are burning like an oven that the baker stops stirring,
 ⇔ from the kneading of the dough, until it is leavened.

WMBB (Same as above)

NETThey are all like bakers,
 ⇔ they are like a smoldering oven;
 ⇔ they are like a baker who does not stoke the fire
 ⇔ until the kneaded dough is ready for baking.

LSVAll of them [are] adulterers,
Like a burning oven of a baker,
He ceases from stirring up after kneading the dough, until its leavening.

FBVAll of them are adulterers, burning with lust like an oven whose fire stays hot, even though it is not tended by the baker, having left the dough to rise after kneading.[fn]


7:4 The image is of a very hot fire that is prepared for baking bread. The rising of the dough is compared to the time of Israel before their end, carried off into captivity. It also seems to be a reference to the king who does nothing to keep the fire of apostasy under control.

T4TThe king and his officials are all treacherous.
 ⇔ They are always eager to do wicked things;
 ⇔ they are like [SIM] an oven that is very hot:
 ⇔ a baker mixes the dough and waits for it to expand,
 ⇔ and he does not need to cause the oven to become hotter.

LEB   • All of them commit adultery, like a burning oven
 •  whose baker has stopped from stirring the fire,
  •  and from kneading the dough until it is leavened.

BBEThey are all untrue; they are like a burning oven; the bread-maker does not make up the fire from the time when the paste is mixed till it is leavened.

Moffwhile anger breathes in all of them
 ⇔ like an oven glowing,
 ⇔ that the baker ceases stirring
 ⇔ till the kneaded dough is leavened

JPSThey are all adulterers, as an oven heated by the baker, who ceaseth to stir from the kneading of the dough until it be leavened.

ASVThey are all adulterers; they are as an oven heated by the baker; he ceaseth to stir the fire, from the kneading of the dough, until it be leavened.

DRAThey are all adulterers, like an oven heated by the baker: the city rested a little from the mingling of the leaven, till the whole was leavened.

YLTAll of them [are] adulterers, Like a burning oven of a baker, He ceaseth from stirring up after kneading the dough, till its leavening.

DrbyThey all practise adultery, as an oven heated by the baker: he ceaseth from stirring [the fire] after he hath kneaded the dough, until it be leavened.

RVThey are all adulterers; they are as an oven heated by the baker; he ceaseth to stir the fire, from the kneading of the dough until it be leavened.
   (They are all adulterers; they are as an oven heated by the baker; he ceaseth/ceases to stir the fire, from the kneading of the dough until it be leaven/yeasted/risen. )

SLTAll of them committing adultery, as an oven set on fire from baking; he will cease from raising from kneading the dough till its leavening.

WbstrThey are all adulterers, as an oven heated by the baker, who ceaseth from raising after he hath kneaded the dough, until it is leavened.

KJB-1769They are all adulterers, as an oven heated by the baker, who ceaseth from raising after he hath kneaded the dough, until it be leavened.[fn][fn]
   (They are all adulterers, as an oven heated by the baker, who ceaseth/ceases from raising after he hath/has kneaded the dough, until it be leaven/yeasted/risen. )


7.4 who…: or, the raiser will cease

7.4 raising: or, waking

KJB-1611[fn][fn]They are al adulterers, as an ouen heated by the baker: who ceaseth from raising after he hath kneaded the dough, vntill it be leauened.
   (Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above, apart from punctuation and footnotes)


7:4 Or, the raiser wil cease.

7:4 Or, from waking.

BshpsAll these burne in adulterie, as it were an ouen that the baker heateth when he hath left kneading, tyll the dowe be leauened.
   (All these burn in adultery, as it were an oven that the baker heateth when he hath/has left kneading, till the dough be leaven/yeasted/risen.)

GnvaThey are all adulterers, and as a very ouen heated by ye baker, which ceaseth from raysing vp, and from kneading ye dough vntill it be leauened.
   (They are all adulterers, and as a very oven heated by ye/you_all baker, which ceaseth/ceases from raising up, and from kneading ye/you_all dough until it be leaven/yeasted/risen. )

CvdlAll these burne in aduoutry, as it were an ouen yt the baker heateth, whe he hath lefte kneadinge, till the dowe be leuended.
   (All these burn in adultery, as it were an oven it the baker heateth, when he hath/has left kneading, till the dough be leaven/yeasted/risen.)

WyclAlle that doen auoutrie, ben as an ouene maad hoot of a bakere. The citee restide a litil fro the medlyng of sour douy, til al was maad sour `of sour douy.
   (All that doing adultery, been as an oven made hoot of a baker. The city rested a little from the meddling of sour dough, till all was made sour of sour dough.)

Luthund sind allesamt Ehebrecher, gleichwie ein Backofen, den der Bäcker heizet, wenn er hat ausgeknetet, und läßt den Teig durchsäuern und aufgehen.
   (and are all_of_them adulterer, same_as a oven/furnace, the the/of_the baker heats, when he has kneaded_out, and lets the dough leaven/yeast and rise.)

ClVgOmnes adulterantes, quasi clibanus succensus a coquente; quievit paululum civitas a commistione fermenti, donec fermentaretur totum.
   (All_of_them adulteressntes, as_if clibanus succensus from they_cooke; he_rested a_little city from commistione fermenti, until fermentaretur whole. )


HAPHebrew accents and phrasing: See Allan Johnson's Hebrew accents and phrasing analysis.

TSNTyndale Study Notes:

7:4 adulterers: Hosea used this term earlier to describe spiritual apostasy (3:1); it refers here to those who were disloyal to the king.


SOTNSIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 6:4–7:16: The people persisted in their sins

In this section, the LORD again spoke to the people of Israel and Judah. In contrast to the people’s future repentance (6:1–3), he gave examples of their current disloyalty and corruption, including their reliance on other nations instead of him. They continued to commit sins, and they refused to seek him. He announced that he would judge them, and he illustrated his coming judgment in various ways.

In this section, the Hebrew text sometimes uses second person pronouns (“you”) and sometimes third person pronouns (“they” or “he”) to refer to the people of Israel. The BSB follows the Hebrew pronoun usage. It uses “they” in 6:5–10, “you” in 6:4 & 11, and “they” or “he” in 7:1–16. Throughout these verses the LORD is the speaker, and he either addresses the people directly or speaks about them.

English versions all use “you” in 6:11 and “they” in chapter 7, but they differ in the way they use the pronouns in 6:5–10. You should use the most natural and least confusing way in your language to handle the pronouns in 6:5–10. In 6:7–10, the Display will follow the BSB pronoun choice in the first meaning line and give another pronoun choice in the second meaning line. See the note on “you” in 2:16b–c, where the pronoun changes are similar.

Here are some other examples of section headings:

Transitory Faithfulness and Imminent Judgment (NET)

Impenitence of Israel and Judah (NRSV)

7:4a

They are all adulterers,

They are all adulterers: The pronoun They refers to all the people of Israel. It includes the king and his officials.

Here the term adulterers probably refers to marital unfaithfulness and also unfaithfulness to God.Keil (page 104) regards “adulterers” to refer primarily to spiritual adultery - apostasy from the Lord and secondarily to literal adultery that is part of Baal worship. McComiskey (page 104) regards literal marital unfaithfulness as the most probable referent. If possible, translate the phrase in such a way that both literal and spiritual adultery can be understood.

One way to do that is to describe the characteristics of an adulterer. For example:

They are all treacherous and disloyal. (GNT)

7:4b

like an oven heated by a baker

like an oven heated by a baker: This phrase is a simile that compares the people of Israel to a hot oven. In this simile, the heat of the oven represents the people’s strong desire for doing evil. Their desire burns hot within them just as fire burns hot in an oven.

oven: In Hebrew, this word refers to a small oven used for baking bread. It was made from clay. It had openings for air near the bottom, and it had a large door on top. It usually had a stone floor.

A baker placed wood, dried grass, or dung inside the oven and lit it on fire. It burned until the interior of the oven was glowing hot and the fuel had burned down to hot coals or ash. The baker then pressed the dough onto the inside surface of the oven walls or laid it among the coals. The baker then sealed the door at the top of the oven and waited for the bread to bake.Macintosh (page 258) and Stuart (page 119).

In some cultures, people may not be familiar with ovens. If that is true in your area, an option is to substitute a different comparison that has the same meaning and impact. For example:

cooking pot

7:4c

who needs not stoke the fire from the kneading to the rising of the dough.

who needs not stoke the fire from the kneading to the rising of the dough: This sentence part describes the intense heat in the oven. The fire in the oven is so hot that the baker does not need to stir the coals (stoke) to keep it going or to make the oven any hotter. In this simile, the intensity of heat represents the intensity of the people’s desire for evil. Some versions make it explicit that the extreme heat is the reason that the fire does not need to be stirred. For example:

They are like a heated oven, an oven so hot that a baker doesn’t have to fan its flames when he makes bread. (GW)

If this simile is not clear in your language, see the General Comment on 7:4b–c for some translation options.

from the kneading to the rising of the dough: This phrase describes a period of time during which a baker prepares dough in order to bake bread. The time starts when the baker kneads the bread dough and ends after the dough rises from the effect of yeast. At that point, the bread is ready to place in the oven. Normally a baker needed to stir the fire at that time to make it hot enough to bake the bread. However, this oven is already hot enough, so there is no need for the baker to stir the fire.

The processes of kneading dough and using yeast to make the dough rise may not be known in some cultures. If that is true in your language group, here are some other ways to describe this period of time:

until the dough is ready to bake (GNT)

when he makes bread (GW)

the kneading of the dough: To knead dough means to fold, press, and stretch the bread dough. This process mixes all the ingredients well and makes the dough smooth.

the rising of the dough: To make dough rise, a baker adds yeast to the dough. He then places it undisturbed in a warm place for a while. The yeast causes the bread to expand in size in preparation for baking.

General Comment on 7:4b–c

If the simile of the oven is not clear in your language, here are some other translation options:


UTNuW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

(Occurrence 0) They are all adulterers

(Some words not found in UHB: of_them_of,all adulterers like oven heated from,a_baker ceases stir from,kneading dough until it,is_leavened )

The people committed spiritual adultery by worshiping idols and being unfaithful to Yahweh. They were probably also being unfaithful to their husbands or wives by sleeping with other people.

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

(Occurrence 0) like an oven heated by the baker

(Some words not found in UHB: of_them_of,all adulterers like oven heated from,a_baker ceases stir from,kneading dough until it,is_leavened )

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This means the people had strong desires to do evil. Alternate translation: “like an oven which the baker heats”

(Occurrence 0) kneading of the dough

(Some words not found in UHB: of_them_of,all adulterers like oven heated from,a_baker ceases stir from,kneading dough until it,is_leavened )

This is a part of the process of making bread.

BI Hos 7:4 ©