OET interlinear 1COR 2:9

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-logic-contrast

ἀλλὰ

but

Here, But introduces a contrast with the hypothetical statement in 2:8 about how the rulers would not have crucified the Lord if they had understood God’s wisdom. The But reminds the reader that this hypothetical statement is not true, and Paul wishes to introduce further statements about how people do not understand God’s wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could leave But untranslated or use a word or phrase that would signal that Paul is no longer speaking hypothetically. Alternate translation: “But instead,”

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / ellipsis

ἀλλὰ καθὼς γέγραπται

but as ˱it˲_/has_been/_written

Here Paul has omitted some words that may be necessary in your language to form a complete thought. If necessary, you could supply a summary from 2:8 of what the rulers did not understand and how they acted. Alternate translation: “But the rulers did not understand, just as it is written” or “But the rulers did do these things, just as it is written”

Note 3 topic: writing-quotations

καθὼς γέγραπται

as ˱it˲_/has_been/_written

In Paul’s culture, just as it is written is a normal way to introduce a quotation from an important text, in this case, the Old Testament book written by Isaiah the prophet (See: Isaiah 64:4). If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this form with a comparable phrase that indicates that Paul is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “as it can be read in the Old Testament” or “according to Isaiah the prophet”

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

γέγραπται

˱it˲_/has_been/_written

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form here to focus on what is written rather than the person doing the “writing.” If you must state who does the action, you can express it so that: (1) the scripture author writes or speaks the words. Alternate translation: “Isaiah has written” (2) God speaks the words. Alternate translation: “God has said”

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / infostructure

ἃ ὀφθαλμὸς οὐκ εἶδεν, καὶ οὖς οὐκ ἤκουσεν, καὶ ἐπὶ καρδίαν ἀνθρώπου οὐκ ἀνέβη, ἃ ἡτοίμασεν ὁ Θεὸς τοῖς ἀγαπῶσιν αὐτόν

what eye not saw and ear not heard and in /the/_heart ˱of˲_/a/_person not went_up which prepared ¬the God ˱for˲_the_‹ones› loving him

In this quotation, What eye has not seen, and ear has not heard, and has not arisen in the heart of man are the things God has prepared. If your language would naturally put What eye has not seen, and ear has not heard, and has not arisen in the heart of man after God has prepared, you could reverse the order. Alternate translation: “God has prepared for those who love him what eye has not seen, and ear has not heard, and has not arisen in the heart of man”

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / synecdoche

ἃ ὀφθαλμὸς οὐκ εἶδεν, καὶ οὖς οὐκ ἤκουσεν, καὶ ἐπὶ καρδίαν ἀνθρώπου οὐκ ἀνέβη

what eye not saw and ear not heard and in /the/_heart ˱of˲_/a/_person not went_up

Here, the words eye, ear, and heart refer to the parts of the person that see, hear, and think. In each case, the word means that the whole person sees, hears, and thinks. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this way of speaking with a word that refers to a person as a whole instead of just a part of that person. Alternate translation: “What a person has not seen, and a person has not heard, and has not arisen when a person thinks”

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

ἐπὶ καρδίαν ἀνθρώπου οὐκ ἀνέβη

in /the/_heart ˱of˲_/a/_person not went_up

The phrase heart of man refers to the place where humans think. If something “arises” there, that means that a human has thought about that thing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning of arisen in the heart of man with a comparable phrase or express the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “man has not thought about” or “man has not imagined”

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / possession

καρδίαν ἀνθρώπου

/the/_heart ˱of˲_/a/_person

Here Paul uses the possessive form to describe a heart that belongs to a man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this form by translating man with an adjective such as “human.” Alternate translation: “the human heart”

Note 9 topic: figures-of-speech / gendernotations

ἀνθρώπου

˱of˲_/a/_person

Although man is masculine, Paul is using it to refer to anyone, whether man or woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express man with a non gendered word or refer to both genders. Alternate translation: “of people”

Note 10 topic: grammar-collectivenouns

ἀνθρώπου

˱of˲_/a/_person

Here, even though man is written in singular form, it refers to anyone who would be considered a man, that is, any human. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make man plural. Alternate translation: “of men” or “of humans”