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OET interlinear GAL 1:13

← GAL 1:13 ↓ → ► ║ ©

SR Greek word order

    1. Greek word
    2. Greek lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. ἠκούσατε
    2. akouō
    3. you all heard
    4. heard
    5. 1910
    6. VIAA2··P
    7. ˱you_all˲ heard
    8. ˱you_all˲ heard
    9. -
    10. Y58
    11. 125763
    1. Γάρ
    2. gar
    3. For/Because
    4. -
    5. 10630
    6. C·······
    7. for
    8. for
    9. PS
    10. Y58
    11. 125764
    1. τήν
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····AFS
    7. ¬the
    8. ¬the
    9. -
    10. Y58
    11. 125765
    1. ἐμήν
    2. emos
    3. my
    4. -
    5. 16990
    6. E···1AFS
    7. my
    8. my
    9. -
    10. Y58
    11. 125766
    1. ἀναστροφήν
    2. anastrofē
    3. conduct
    4. -
    5. 3910
    6. N····AFS
    7. conduct
    8. conduct
    9. -
    10. Y58
    11. 125767
    1. ποτέ
    2. pote
    3. once
    4. -
    5. 42180
    6. D·······
    7. once
    8. once
    9. -
    10. Y58
    11. 125768
    1. ἐν
    2. en
    3. in
    4. -
    5. 17220
    6. P·······
    7. in
    8. in
    9. -
    10. Y58
    11. 125769
    1. τῷ
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····DMS
    7. ¬the
    8. ¬the
    9. -
    10. Y58
    11. 125770
    1. Ἰουδαϊσμῷ
    2. ioudaismos
    3. Judaism
    4. -
    5. 24540
    6. N····DMS
    7. Judaism
    8. Judaism
    9. U
    10. Y58
    11. 125771
    1. ὅτι
    2. hoti
    3. that
    4. -
    5. 37540
    6. C·······
    7. that
    8. that
    9. -
    10. Y58
    11. 125772
    1. καθʼ
    2. kata
    3. as
    4. -
    5. 25960
    6. P·······
    7. as
    8. as
    9. -
    10. Y58
    11. 125773
    1. ὑπερβολήν
    2. huperbolē
    3. excess
    4. -
    5. 52360
    6. N····AFS
    7. excess
    8. excess
    9. -
    10. Y58
    11. 125774
    1. ἐδίωκον
    2. diōkō
    3. I was persecuting
    4. -
    5. 13770
    6. VIIA1··S
    7. ˱I˲ ˓was˒ persecuting
    8. ˱I˲ ˓was˒ persecuting
    9. -
    10. Y58; R125554; Person=Paul
    11. 125775
    1. τήν
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····AFS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y58
    11. 125776
    1. ἐκκλησίαν
    2. ekklēsia
    3. assembly
    4. assembly
    5. 15770
    6. N····AFS
    7. assembly
    8. assembly
    9. -
    10. Y58; F125782
    11. 125777
    1. τοῦ
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····GMS
    7. ¬the
    8. ¬the
    9. -
    10. Y58
    11. 125778
    1. Θεοῦ
    2. theos
    3. of god
    4. -
    5. 23160
    6. N····GMS
    7. ˱of˲ god
    8. ˱of˲ God
    9. GN
    10. Y58; Person=God
    11. 125779
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y58
    11. 125780
    1. ἐπόρθουν
    2. portheō
    3. was persecuting
    4. -
    5. 41990
    6. VIIA1··S
    7. ˓was˒ persecuting
    8. ˓was˒ persecuting
    9. -
    10. Y58; R125554; Person=Paul
    11. 125781
    1. αὐτήν
    2. autos
    3. it
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3AFS
    7. it
    8. it
    9. -
    10. Y58; R125777
    11. 125782

OET (OET-LV) For/Because you_all_heard the my conduct once in the Judaism, that as excess I_was_persecuting the assembly of_ the _god, and was_persecuting it.

OET (OET-RV) Brothers and sisters, you’ve heard about my previous behaviour, when as a strict Jew, I was extreme in persecuting the assembly of God’s people, and was trying to destroy them.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 1:11–24: Paul received his message from Jesus himself

In this section, Paul stressed that the gospel that he preached came from Jesus Christ himself. No human being taught it to him. Therefore, his message had God’s authority. Paul’s purpose in writing this section was to convince the Galatians that the true gospel is the one that he preached.

Some other possible headings for this section are:

Paul’s Message Comes from Christ (NLT)

Jesus Alone Gave Paul the Good News He Spreads (GW)

Paul’s Authority is from God (NCV)

God is the source of Paul’s authority and message

Paragraph 1:13–14

In this paragraph, Paul reminded the Galatians of what he had done as a very devoted Jew. He had eagerly kept the law. He hated Christians and persecuted them. This introduces the conflict between his former religion, Judaism, and the gospel. Paul was so committed to Judaism that only God could have changed him.

1:13a

For you have heard of my former way of life in Judaism,

For: Verses 1:13–21 are the evidence/basis for Paul’s claim in 1:12c that he had received the gospel directly from Jesus Christ. In Greek, this evidence/basis is introduced with a conjunction that the BSB translates as For.

Many English versions do not translate this conjunction. In some languages, no conjunction will be necessary here either.

you have heard of: Paul used the expression you have heard of to remind the Galatians of something they already knew. He reminded them that they knew about his actions before he became a Christian.

Some other ways to translate this are:

You heard about (GW)

You know how (CEV)

You have been told (GNT)

my former way of life in Judaism: This phrase refers to Paul’s life/actions before he became a Christian. The word Judaism refers to the Jewish religion. It includes the Jewish customs and traditions.

Some other ways to translate this phrase are:

the way I once lived when I followed the Jewish religion (GW)

what I was like when I followed the Jewish religion (NLT)

how I used to live as a Jew (CEV)

the story of my life in the Jewish customs before I became a Christian

1:13b

how severely I persecuted the church of God

how severely I persecuted: The verb persecuted means “caused people to suffer” because of their religious beliefs. The form of the Greek verb implies that Paul persecuted Christians for some time.

Some other ways to translate this word are:

how badly I was causing to suffer

I was violently attacking

that for some time I greatly harmed

severely: The Greek word that the BSB translates as severely means “in an extreme way.”

Some other ways to translate this phrase are:

very much

really

violently (ESV)

with force/strength

without mercy (GNT)

the church of God: This phrase refers to the group of God’s people who believed that Jesus was the Christ. This phrase contrasts with the Jewish religion. Here the word church does not refer to a building.

Some other ways to translate this phrase are:

the group of God’s people who believe in Christ

people of God who follow Jesus Christ

Be careful to translate this phrase in a way that refers specifically to the group of Jewish Christians, not to Jews in general. All Jews believed in God. So do not translate this only as “people/group who believed in God.”

The word church first occurs in 1:2b. See also church in the Glossary for more information.

1:13c

and tried to destroy it.

and tried to destroy it: The pronoun it refers back to the phrase “the church of God.” By persecuting believers, Paul hoped to destroy or break up the group of believers.Paul contrasted the church of God with the Jewish religion. Paul made this clear in 1:23 when he said that people recognized he had tried to destroy the faith. This does not just mean that he tried to kill all individual believers. He tried to cause the Christian faith/religion to no longer exist.

Some other ways to translate this clause are:

and was trying to destroy the church

and was trying to spoil the group of believers

and tried to cause the church to end

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

τὴν ἐμὴν ἀναστροφήν ποτε

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: ἠκούσατε Γάρ τήν ἐμήν ἀναστροφήν ποτέ ἐν τῷ Ἰουδαϊσμῷ ὅτι καθʼ ὑπερβολήν ἐδίωκον τήν ἐκκλησίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ καί ἐπόρθουν αὐτήν)

If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of manner and life, you could express the same idea with a verbal phrase such as “how I formerly lived,” or you could express the meaning in some other way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: [how I formerly lived] or [how I formerly conducted myself] or [how I formerly behaved]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ἐν τῷ Ἰουδαϊσμῷ

in ¬the Judaism

Here, the phrase in Judaism refers to following the Jewish religious guidelines. If it would help your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: [following the Jewish religion] or [following the Jewish religious guidelines]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

καθ’ ὑπερβολὴν

as (Some words not found in SR-GNT: ἠκούσατε Γάρ τήν ἐμήν ἀναστροφήν ποτέ ἐν τῷ Ἰουδαϊσμῷ ὅτι καθʼ ὑπερβολήν ἐδίωκον τήν ἐκκλησίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ καί ἐπόρθουν αὐτήν)

The phrase beyond measure is an idiom meaning “excessively.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: [excessively] or [to an extreme degree] or [intensely]

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

1:13-14 To prove that his message did not come from human reason (1:11), Paul describes what he was like before he encountered Christ: He was a highly successful Jew (see Acts 8:1-3; 22:1-5; 26:4-5; Phil 3:4-7). His antagonism to God’s church and strict adherence to Judaism demonstrated his faith in the law before Christ confronted him (Gal 1:15-16).

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Greek word
    5. Greek lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. For/Because
    2. -
    3. 10630
    4. PS
    5. gar
    6. C-·······
    7. for
    8. for
    9. PS
    10. Y58
    11. 125764
    1. you all heard
    2. heard
    3. 1910
    5. akouō
    6. V-IAA2··P
    7. ˱you_all˲ heard
    8. ˱you_all˲ heard
    9. -
    10. Y58
    11. 125763
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····AFS
    7. ¬the
    8. ¬the
    9. -
    10. Y58
    11. 125765
    1. my
    2. -
    3. 16990
    5. emos
    6. E-···1AFS
    7. my
    8. my
    9. -
    10. Y58
    11. 125766
    1. conduct
    2. -
    3. 3910
    5. anastrofē
    6. N-····AFS
    7. conduct
    8. conduct
    9. -
    10. Y58
    11. 125767
    1. once
    2. -
    3. 42180
    5. pote
    6. D-·······
    7. once
    8. once
    9. -
    10. Y58
    11. 125768
    1. in
    2. -
    3. 17220
    5. en
    6. P-·······
    7. in
    8. in
    9. -
    10. Y58
    11. 125769
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····DMS
    7. ¬the
    8. ¬the
    9. -
    10. Y58
    11. 125770
    1. Judaism
    2. -
    3. 24540
    4. U
    5. ioudaismos
    6. N-····DMS
    7. Judaism
    8. Judaism
    9. U
    10. Y58
    11. 125771
    1. that
    2. -
    3. 37540
    5. hoti
    6. C-·······
    7. that
    8. that
    9. -
    10. Y58
    11. 125772
    1. as
    2. -
    3. 25960
    5. kata
    6. P-·······
    7. as
    8. as
    9. -
    10. Y58
    11. 125773
    1. excess
    2. -
    3. 52360
    5. huperbolē
    6. N-····AFS
    7. excess
    8. excess
    9. -
    10. Y58
    11. 125774
    1. I was persecuting
    2. -
    3. 13770
    5. diōkō
    6. V-IIA1··S
    7. ˱I˲ ˓was˒ persecuting
    8. ˱I˲ ˓was˒ persecuting
    9. -
    10. Y58; R125554; Person=Paul
    11. 125775
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····AFS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y58
    11. 125776
    1. assembly
    2. assembly
    3. 15770
    5. ekklēsia
    6. N-····AFS
    7. assembly
    8. assembly
    9. -
    10. Y58; F125782
    11. 125777
    1. of
    2. -
    3. 23160
    4. GN
    5. theos
    6. N-····GMS
    7. ˱of˲ god
    8. ˱of˲ God
    9. GN
    10. Y58; Person=God
    11. 125779
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····GMS
    7. ¬the
    8. ¬the
    9. -
    10. Y58
    11. 125778
    1. god
    2. -
    3. 23160
    4. GN
    5. theos
    6. N-····GMS
    7. ˱of˲ god
    8. ˱of˲ God
    9. GN
    10. Y58; Person=God
    11. 125779
    1. and
    2. -
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y58
    11. 125780
    1. was persecuting
    2. -
    3. 41990
    5. portheō
    6. V-IIA1··S
    7. ˓was˒ persecuting
    8. ˓was˒ persecuting
    9. -
    10. Y58; R125554; Person=Paul
    11. 125781
    1. it
    2. -
    3. 8460
    5. autos
    6. R-···3AFS
    7. it
    8. it
    9. -
    10. Y58; R125777
    11. 125782

OET (OET-LV) For/Because you_all_heard the my conduct once in the Judaism, that as excess I_was_persecuting the assembly of_ the _god, and was_persecuting it.

OET (OET-RV) Brothers and sisters, you’ve heard about my previous behaviour, when as a strict Jew, I was extreme in persecuting the assembly of God’s people, and was trying to destroy them.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

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← GAL 1:13 ↑ → ► ║ ©