GAL 1:22 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. ἤμην
2. eimi
3. I was
4. -
5. 15100
6. VIIM1··S
7. ˱I˲ was
8. ˱I˲ was
9. -
10. Y58; R125554; Person=Paul
11. 125915
1. Δέ
2. de
3. And
4. -
5. 11610
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. S
10. Y58
11. 125916
1. ἀγνοούμενος
2. agnoeō
3. being not known
4. didn't
5. 500
6. VPPP·NMS
7. ˓being˒ not_known
8. ˓being˒ not_known
9. -
10. Y58; R125554; Person=Paul
11. 125917
1. τῷ
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····DNS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125918
1. προσώπῳ
2. prosōpon
3. by face
4. -
5. 43830
6. N····DNS
7. ˱by˲ face
8. ˱by˲ face
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125919
1. ταῖς
2. ho
3. to the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····DFP
7. ˱to˲ the
8. ˱to˲ the
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125920
1. ταῖς
2. ho
3. -
4. -
5. 35880
6. R····DFP
7. ˱to˲ the ‹ones›
8. ˱to˲ the ‹ones›
9. -
10. -
11. 125921
1. ἐκκλησίαις
2. ekklēsia
3. assemblies
4. assemblies
5. 15770
6. N····DFP
7. assemblies
8. assemblies
9. -
10. Y58; F125931; F125932; F125946
11. 125922
1. ἐκκλησίας
2. ekklēsia
3. -
4. -
5. 15770
6. N····GFS
7. ˱of˲ ˓the˒ assembly
8. ˱of˲ ˓the˒ assembly
9. -
10. -
11. 125923
1. τῆς
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····GFS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125924
1. Ἰουδαίας
2. ioudaia
3. of Youdaia
4. Yudea
5. 24490
6. N····GFS
7. ˱of˲ Youdaia
8. ˱of˲ Judea
9. U
10. Location=Judea; Y58
11. 125925
1. ταῖς
2. ho
3. which
4. that
5. 35880
6. R····DFP
7. ¬which
8. ¬which
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125926
1. ἐν
2. en
3. in
4. -
5. 17220
6. P·······
7. in
8. in
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125927
1. Χριστῷ
2. χristos
3. chosen one messiah
4. messiah
5. 55470
6. N····DMS
7. chosen_one/messiah
8. Christ
9. WN
10. Y58; Person=Jesus
11. 125928

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 1:11–24: Paul received his message from Jesus himself

In this section, Paul stressed that the gospel that he preached came from Jesus Christ himself. No human being taught it to him. Therefore, his message had God’s authority. Paul’s purpose in writing this section was to convince the Galatians that the true gospel is the one that he preached.

Some other possible headings for this section are:

Paul’s Message Comes from Christ (NLT)

Jesus Alone Gave Paul the Good News He Spreads (GW)

Paul’s Authority is from God (NCV)

God is the source of Paul’s authority and message

1:22

I was personally unknown, however, to the churches of Judea that are in Christ.

The groups of people in Judea who believe in Christ had never met me.
The people who trusted in Christ in Judea had not yet seen me.
During that time, the groups of Christians in the region of Judea did not know me personally.

Paul had spent only two weeks in Jerusalem. So the believers in the district of Judea did not know him. (Jerusalem is in the district of Judea.) However, they did hear about his ministry. Paul told the Galatians about the reaction of the Judean believers when they heard about his preaching in Syria and Cilicia.

Some ways to begin this verse are:

At that time (GNT)

During that time

So

I was personally unknown, however, to the churches of Judea that are in Christ: The Greek phrase that the BSB translates as personally unknown is literally “being unknown by the face.” Paul meant that the believers in Judea had not yet met him. They had not yet seen his face.

Some other ways to translate this clause are:

In Judea the churches in Christ had never met me. (NCV)

And still the Christians in the churches in Judea didn’t know me personally. (NLT)

In this clause, Paul continued to focus on the fact that he did not receive the gospel from people. He wanted to emphasize that he was not under the authority of the leaders in Jerusalem. (The city of Jerusalem is in the district of Judea.)

the churches…that are in Christ: This phrase refers to the groups of people who believe in Christ.

Some other ways to translate this phrase are:

group of people who believe in Christ

believers in Christ

Christians

The word churches does not refer to church buildings.

The word church first occurs in 1:2b. See also church in the Glossary for more information.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

ἤμην & ἀγνοούμενος τῷ προσώπῳ ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις τῆς Ἰουδαίας, ταῖς ἐν Χριστῷ

˱I˲_was & ˓being˒_not_known ¬the ˱by˲_face ˱to˲_the assemblies ¬the ˱of˲_Judea ¬which in Christ

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: [none of the people in the churches of Judea that are in Christ had ever met me]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / synecdoche

ἤμην & ἀγνοούμενος τῷ προσώπῳ ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις τῆς Ἰουδαίας, ταῖς ἐν Χριστῷ

˱I˲_was & ˓being˒_not_known ¬the ˱by˲_face ˱to˲_the assemblies ¬the ˱of˲_Judea ¬which in Christ

Paul uses the main feature of his appearance, his face, to refer to seeing his entire person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or plain language.

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἐν Χριστῷ

in Christ

Paul uses the spatial metaphor in Christ to describe the union believers have with Christ. Here, this phrase is specifically describing and modifying the churches of Judea. If it would help your readers, you could use a fuller phrase to describe what the phrase “in Christ” means here. See the discussion of this phrase in Part 3: Important Translation Issues in the Introduction to Galatians section. Alternate translation: [in union with Christ]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

1. OET-LV words
2. OET-RV words
3. Strongs
4. Greek word
5. Greek lemma
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. And
2. -
3. 11610
4. S
5. de
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. S
10. Y58
11. 125916
1. I was
2. -
3. 15100
5. eimi
6. V-IIM1··S
7. ˱I˲ was
8. ˱I˲ was
9. -
10. Y58; R125554; Person=Paul
11. 125915
1. being not known
2. didn't
3. 500
5. agnoeō
6. V-PPP·NMS
7. ˓being˒ not_known
8. ˓being˒ not_known
9. -
10. Y58; R125554; Person=Paul
11. 125917
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····DNS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125918
1. by face
2. -
3. 43830
5. prosōpon
6. N-····DNS
7. ˱by˲ face
8. ˱by˲ face
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125919
1. to the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····DFP
7. ˱to˲ the
8. ˱to˲ the
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125920
1. assemblies
2. assemblies
3. 15770
5. ekklēsia
6. N-····DFP
7. assemblies
8. assemblies
9. -
10. Y58; F125931; F125932; F125946
11. 125922
1. of
2. Yudea
3. 24490
4. U
5. ioudaia
6. N-····GFS
7. ˱of˲ Youdaia
8. ˱of˲ Judea
9. U
10. Location=Judea; Y58
11. 125925
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····GFS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125924
1. Youdaia
2. Yudea
3. 24490
4. U
5. ioudaia
6. N-····GFS
7. ˱of˲ Youdaia
8. ˱of˲ Judea
9. U
10. Location=Judea; Y58
11. 125925
1. which
2. that
3. 35880
5. ho
6. R-····DFP
7. ¬which
8. ¬which
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125926
1. in
2. -
3. 17220
5. en
6. P-·······
7. in
8. in
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125927
1. chosen one messiah
2. messiah
3. 55470
4. WN
5. χristos
6. N-····DMS
7. chosen_one/messiah
8. Christ
9. WN
10. Y58; Person=Jesus
11. 125928

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear GAL 1:22

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

Section 1:11–24: Paul received his message from Jesus himself

1:22

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)