GAL 1:12 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. οὐδέ
2. oude
3. neither
4. -
5. 37610
6. C·······
7. neither
8. neither
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125748
1. Γάρ
2. gar
3. For/Because
4. -
5. 10630
6. C·······
7. for
8. for
9. S
10. Y58
11. 125749
1. ἐγώ
2. egō
3. I
4. -
5. 14730
6. R···1N·S
7. I
8. I
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125750
1. παρά
2. para
3. from
4. -
5. 38440
6. P·······
7. from
8. from
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125751
1. ἀνθρώπου
2. anthrōpos
3. human origin
4. -
5. 4440
6. N····GMS
7. human_origin
8. human_origin
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125752
1. παρέλαβον
2. paralambanō
3. received
4. -
5. 38800
6. VIAA1··S
7. received
8. received
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125753
1. αὐτό
2. autos
3. it
4. -
5. 8460
6. R···3ANS
7. it
8. it
9. -
10. Y58; R125733
11. 125754
1. οὐδέ
2. oude
3. -
4. -
5. 37610
6. C·······
7. nor
8. nor
9. -
10. -
11. 125755
1. οὔτε
2. oute
3. nor
4. -
5. 37770
6. C·······
7. nor
8. nor
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125756
1. ἐδιδάχθην
2. didaskō
3. I was taught it
4. taught
5. 13210
6. VIAP1··S
7. ˱I˲ ˓was˒ taught ‹it›
8. ˱I˲ ˓was˒ taught ‹it›
9. -
10. Y58; R125554; Person=Paul
11. 125757
1. ἀλλά
2. alla
3. but
4. -
5. 2350
6. C·······
7. but
8. but
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125758
1. διʼ
2. dia
3. by
4. -
5. 12230
6. P·······
7. by
8. by
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125759
1. ἀποκαλύψεως
2. apokalupsis
3. +a revelation
4. -
5. 6020
6. N····GFS
7. ˓a˒ revelation
8. ˓a˒ revelation
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125760
1. Ἰησοῦ
2. iēsous
3. of Yaʸsous/(Yəhōshūˊa)
4. -
5. 24240
6. N····GMS
7. ˱of˲ Yaʸsous/(Yəhōshūˊa)
8. ˱of˲ Jesus
9. UN
10. Person=Jesus; Y58
11. 125761
1. Χριστοῦ
2. χristos
3. chosen one messiah
4. messiah
5. 55470
6. N····GMS
7. chosen_one/messiah
8. Christ
9. WN
10. Y58; Person=Jesus
11. 125762

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 1:11–24: Paul received his message from Jesus himself

In this section, Paul stressed that the gospel that he preached came from Jesus Christ himself. No human being taught it to him. Therefore, his message had God’s authority. Paul’s purpose in writing this section was to convince the Galatians that the true gospel is the one that he preached.

Some other possible headings for this section are:

Paul’s Message Comes from Christ (NLT)

Jesus Alone Gave Paul the Good News He Spreads (GW)

Paul’s Authority is from God (NCV)

God is the source of Paul’s authority and message

Paragraph 1:11–12

In this paragraph, Paul stressed that the gospel that he preached came from Jesus Christ. It did not come from a human being. This implies that the gospel that Paul preached had God’s authority, and so the Galatians should not turn away from it.

1:12a

I did not receive it from any man,

I say this because I did not receive/get the gospel from any human,
I did not learn/find the message that I preached from any person,

This verse begins with a Greek conjunction that is often translated as “for.” Some English versions, such as the ESV and NET, translate it that way. Some other ways to represent this conjunction and connect this verse to 1:11b are:

It is not man’s gospel , because

In other words

The BSB has not translated this conjunction, and some other versions, such as the NIV and NLT, also do not translate it. In some languages, it will not be necessary to translate this conjunction either. Connect 1:12a to 1:11b in a way that is natural in your language.

I did not receive it from any man: This clause means that Paul did not receive/get the gospel from a human. The gospel that he preached was not something that he learned from a human being.

This clause is similar to the clause in 1:11b, but it is more specific.

Some other ways to translate this clause are:

I did not receive it from any human being (GNT)

I did not learn it from someone.

No one told/showed it to me.

1:12b

nor was I taught it;

and I was not taught the gospel by a human teacher.
and no one taught/showed it to me.

nor was I taught it: This clause means that a human teacher did not teach Paul the gospel. Paul did not learn the gospel from a human.

This clause is passive. Some ways to translate this clause are:

Use a passive verb. For example:
nor was I taught the gospel
I was not taught the gospel by a human teacher
Use an active verb. For example:
nor did a human teacher teach/show me the gospel
I did not learn the gospel from a human teacher

1:12c

rather, I received it by revelation from Jesus Christ.

But/Rather, I received it from Jesus Christ. He revealed/showed it to me.
Instead, it was Jesus Christ himself who revealed/showed it to me.

Verse 1:12c is Paul’s main point in paragraph 1:11–12. To make this clear, it may be necessary in some languages to put 1:12c earlier in this verse. See the General Comment below for an example.

rather: There is a contrast between 1:12a–b and 1:12c. The contrast is between where Paul did not get the gospel, and where he got it. Languages have different ways to indicate this negative-positive type of contrast.One of the functions of the Greek conjunction ἀλλά is to signal this negative-positive type of contrast. Some of the ways are:

With the conjunction “but.”
With a conjunction other than “but.” This is a common way in English to show this type of contrast. For example:
rather (BSB, NIV)
on the contrary
Instead (GNT)
With no conjunction. For example:
^aI did not receive it from any human being, ^bnor did anyone teach it to me. ^cIt was Jesus Christ himself who revealed it to me. (GNT)

I received it by revelation from Jesus Christ: This clause means that Jesus Christ revealed/showed the gospel to Paul. For example:

Jesus Christ revealed it to me (GW)

Jesus Christ showed it to me (NCV)

Jesus Christ: In the phrase Jesus Christ, Jesus is a personal name, and Christ is his title. Christ is not the surname of Jesus.

One way to show this is:

Jesus the Christ/Messiah

In some languages, the title is put before the name. For example:

Christ Jesus

This same phrase occurs in 1:1c. You should translate it here as you did there.

General Comment on 1:11–12

The main point of 1:11–12 is 1:12c. In some languages, it may be more natural to show this by changing the order of the clauses in 1:12. For example:

^11aI want you to know, brothers, that ^11bthe gospel that I preach is not something that a human being made up. ^12cIt was Jesus Christ himself who revealed this gospel to me. ^12aI did not receive it from any human being, ^12bnor did any human teach it to me.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-words-phrases

γὰρ

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: οὐδέ Γάρ ἐγώ παρά ἀνθρώπου παρέλαβον αὐτό οὔτε ἐδιδάχθην ἀλλά διʼ ἀποκαλύψεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ)

Here, the word For could be being used to introduce: (1) the grounds or basis for Paul’s assertion in [1:11](../01/11.md), in which case what follows the word For is being used as support for what Paul said in [1:11](../01/11.md). Use a form that would be natural for introducing a statement which gives supporting evidence. Alternate translation: [In support of my claim that the gospel I proclaimed is not according to man, I want you to know that] (2) a statement which explains and builds on Paul’s assertion in [1:11](../01/11.md). Use a form that would be natural for introducing a statement which further clarifies and explains a prior statement. Alternate translation: [To explain further, I want you to know] or [That is]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / parallelism

οὐδὲ & ἐγὼ παρὰ ἀνθρώπου παρέλαβον αὐτό, οὔτε ἐδιδάχθην

The phrase I did not receive it from man and the phrase nor was I taught it mean basically the same thing. If saying the same thing twice might confuse your readers, you could combine the two phrases into one. Alternate translation: [I did not receive the gospel that I proclaim from any person]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / gendernotations

ἀνθρώπου

human_origin

Although the term man is masculine, Paul is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women and refers to humans. See how you translated the word man in [1:11](../01/11.md) where it is used with a similar meaning. Alternate translation: [people] or [humans] or [a human source]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

ἐδιδάχθην

˱I˲_˓was˒_taught_‹it›

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form, or in another way that is natural in your language.

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

αὐτό & ἐδιδάχθην

it & ˱I˲_˓was˒_taught_‹it›

Here, both occurrences of the word it refer back to the gospel which Paul proclaimed, which he mentioned in [1:11](../01/11.md). If it would help your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: [the gospel that I proclaimed … did I learn the gospel by the teaching of man]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / ellipsis

ἐδιδάχθην

˱I˲_˓was˒_taught_‹it›

Paul is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: [was I taught it by any person] or [was I taught it by man] or [was I taught it by a human being]

Note 7 topic: grammar-connect-logic-contrast

ἀλλὰ

What follows the word but is in contrast to the phrases receive it from man and taught it. In contrast to Paul receiving the message he proclaimed from a human source or being taught it, Paul received the gospel message from a divine source. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation: [but, rather,] or [but, instead,]

δι’

Alternate translation: [through a]

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

ἀποκαλύψεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ

˓a˒_revelation ˱of˲_Jesus Christ

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of revelation, you could express the same idea with a verb such as “revealing,” or you could express the meaning in some other way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: [God revealing Jesus Christ]

Note 9 topic: figures-of-speech / possession

δι’ ἀποκαλύψεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ

by ˓a˒_revelation ˱of˲_Jesus Christ

Paul could be using the possessive form here to mean: (1) that God revealed Jesus Christ to Paul. See the phrase “to reveal his Son in me” in [1:16](../01/16.md). Alternate translation: [God revealed Jesus Christ to me] or [God made me know the gospel when he showed Jesus Christ to me] (2) that it was Jesus Christ who made the revelation to Paul. Alternate translation: [by what Jesus Christ revealed to me] (3) that Jesus revealed himself to Paul and taught him the message that he preached. Alternate translation: [Jesus Christ revealed himself to me and taught me the gospel about himself] or [Jesus Christ revealed himself to me and taught me the gospel concerning himself]

Note 10 topic: figures-of-speech / ellipsis

ἀλλὰ δι’ ἀποκαλύψεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ

Paul is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: [but I received it by a revelation of Jesus Christ] or [but I was taught it by revelation of Jesus Christ]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear GAL 1:12