GAL 1:4 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. τοῦ
2. ho
3. the one
4. -
5. 35880
6. R····GMS
7. the ‹one›
8. the ‹one›
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125598
1. δόντος
2. didōmi
3. having given
4. gave
5. 13250
6. VPAA·GMS
7. ˓having˒ given
8. ˓having˒ given
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125599
1. αὐτόν
2. autos
3. -
4. -
5. 8460
6. R···3AMS
7. himself
8. himself
9. -
10. -
11. 125600
1. ἑαυτόν
2. heautou
3. himself
4. himself
5. 14380
6. R···3AMS
7. himself
8. himself
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125601
1. περί
2. peri
3. concerning
4. -
5. 40120
6. P·······
7. concerning
8. concerning
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125602
1. ὑπέρ
2. huper
3. -
4. -
5. 52280
6. P·······
7. concerning
8. concerning
9. -
10. -
11. 125603
1. τῶν
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····GFP
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125604
1. ἁμαρτιῶν
2. hamartia
3. sins
4. sins
5. 2660
6. N····GFP
7. sins
8. sins
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125605
1. ἡμῶν
2. egō
3. of us
4. -
5. 14730
6. R···1G·P
7. ˱of˲ us
8. ˱of˲ us
9. -
10. Y58; R125554; Person=Paul; R125582; R125580
11. 125606
1. ὅπως
2. hopōs
3. so that
4. -
5. 37040
6. C·······
7. so_that
8. so_that
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125607
1. ἐξέληται
2. exaireō
3. he may rescue
4. rescue
5. 18070
6. VSAM3··S
7. ˱he˲ ˓may˒ rescue
8. ˱he˲ ˓may˒ rescue
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125608
1. ἡμάς
2. egō
3. us
4. -
5. 14730
6. R···1A·P
7. us
8. us
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125609
1. ἐκ
2. ek
3. out of
4. -
5. 15370
6. P·······
7. out_of
8. out_of
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125610
1. τοῦ
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····GMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125611
1. ἐνεστῶτος
2. enistaō
3. -
4. -
5. 17640
6. VPEA·GMS
7. ˓having˒ presented
8. ˓having˒ presented
9. -
10. R125613
11. 125612
1. αἰῶνος
2. aiōn
3. age
4. -
5. 1650
6. N····GMS
7. age
8. age
9. -
10. Y58; F125612
11. 125613
1. τοῦ
2. ho
3. which
4. -
5. 35880
6. R····GMS
7. ¬which
8. ¬which
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125614
1. ἐνεστῶτος
2. enistaō
3. having presented
4. present
5. 17640
6. VPEA·GMS
7. ˓having˒ presented
8. ˓having˒ presented
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125615
1. πονηροῦ
2. ponēros
3. evil
4. evil
5. 41900
6. S····GMS
7. evil
8. evil
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125616
1. κατά
2. kata
3. according to
4. according
5. 25960
6. P·······
7. according_to
8. according_to
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125617
1. τό
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····ANS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125618
1. θέλημα
2. thelēma
3. will
4. -
5. 23070
6. N····ANS
7. will
8. will
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125619
1. τοῦ
2. ho
3. of the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····GMS
7. ˱of˲ the
8. ˱of˲ the
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125620
1. Θεοῦ
2. theos
3. god
4. God
5. 23160
6. N····GMS
7. god
8. God
9. GN
10. Y58; Person=God
11. 125621
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125622
1. Πατρός
2. patēr
3. father
4. father's
5. 39620
6. N····GMS
7. father
8. Father
9. G
10. Y58; Person=God
11. 125623
1. ἡμῶν
2. egō
3. of us
4. -
5. 14730
6. R···1G·P
7. ˱of˲ us
8. ˱of˲ us
9. -
10. Y58; R125554; Person=Paul; R125582; R125580
11. 125624

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 1:1–5: Paul greeted the Christians in Galatia

This section is the introduction to Paul’s letter to the Galatians. In this introduction, Paul followed the customs of that time for writing a letter. The custom was to put the writer’s name first and then write the names of the people to whom the letter was sent. After that the writer greeted them with a wish for their well-being. So, Paul began this letter with his own name in 1:1. Then in 1:2 he mentioned the people to whom he was sending the letter. In 1:3 he greeted these people with a wish for their well-being. Among Christians, this wish was often a prayer for God’s blessing.

In this section, Paul briefly introduced two main themes of his letter.

It was God and Jesus who had made Paul an apostle. It was not other people who had called him to become an apostle. That gave him very high authority. This authority is one of the themes of his letter, and he discussed it more fully in chapter 2.
In 1:4, Paul reminded the Galatians that we Christians are saved because Jesus died for our sins. The main theme of the whole letter to the Galatians is that we are saved by the grace of God and by believing in Jesus.

Some other possible headings for this section are:

Greeting

Greetings from Paul

Paragraph 1:3–5

In this paragraph, Paul asked God to bless the Galatians. He also praised Jesus for what he has done for us.

1:4a

who gave Himself for our sins

Jesus gave himself to be killed for our^(incl) sins
Jesus willingly died as a sacrifice to pay for our^(incl) sins.
Jesus surrendered himself and died so that our^(incl) wrong/evil deeds might be forgiven.

In this verse Paul introduced one of the themes in his letter: salvation is based on Christ’s death on the cross.

who: The pronoun who refers to Jesus. It connects verses 3 and 4. In some languages, it may be natural to make this connection by starting a new sentence that has Jesus as the subject. For example:

Jesus gave himself for our sins (NCV)

gave Himself: This phrase means that Jesus “voluntarily gave his life,” “willingly died,” or “chose to die” on the cross.

Some other ways to translate this phrase are:

Christ…gave himself as a sacrifice (CEV)

He yielded/surrendered his life

Jesus was willing to be punished and killed

for our sins: This phrase means “to pay for our sins” or “to take the punishment for our sins.”

Some other ways to translate this clause are:

on account of our sins

so that our sins might be forgiven

sins: The word sins means the things that we do when we disobey God’s standard of what is right or good. Sins include acts, thoughts, and attitudes that are not what God wants or approves. A person can also sin by not doing what God wants him to do.

Use a general term that can include any wrongdoing against God. For example:

disobedience

wrong acts

offenses against God

evil deeds

In some languages it may be natural to translate the word sins with a phrase that includes a verb. For example:

wrong things that we have done

Here are problems to avoid:

The term should not imply that only crimes like murder or stealing are sins. Actions like gossip and greed are also sins.
The term should not include accidents or mistakes that are not against God’s will.

1:4b

to rescue us from the present evil age,

in order to deliver/rescue us^(incl) from the evil/sin that is in this world.
He did this so that he might free us^(incl) from the wickedness that is now on the earth.

to rescue us from the present evil age: This clause states the purpose of Jesus’ giving himself to die for our sins (1:4a). He gave himself in order to deliver us from the evil that dominates our world. He freed us from being slaves to sin.

Some other ways to express this purpose are:

^4aChrist gave himself for our sins ^4bin order to deliver us from the present evil age.

^4aChrist gave himself for our sins ^4bso that he might deliver us from the present evil age.

to rescue us: The phrase to rescue us means “to free us.”

Some other ways to translate this phrase are:

to deliver us (ESV)

to rescue us (NIV)

to redeem us

This phrase does not mean that Jesus removes us from this world.

the present evil age: At times Paul used this phrase to refer to the evil period of time in which Christians lived. He also used it to refer to the evil way that people lived during this period. In this context, this phrase focuses on the sinful and wicked way of life in our world.

Some other ways to translate this phrase are:

the sinful way that people live in this world

this evil that is in this world

the wickedness that is now on the earth

the evil ways in which human beings think and act (SSA)

1:4c

according to the will of our God and Father,

He did this to obey/follow the will of God our^(incl) Father
He did this because that is what our^(incl) Father God wanted him to do.

according to the will of our God and Father: This clause gives the background and reason for Jesus giving his life to set us free (in 1:4a–b). It means that it was God’s will that Jesus die for our sins in order to deliver us.

Some other ways to translate this clause are:

Christ did this to obey the will of our God and Father.

because that was what our God and Father wanted (GW)

See the General Comment below for some other ways to translate this clause.

our God and Father: This phrase describes God in two ways: he is our God, and he is also our Father. It does not refer to two different beings.Only the KJV translates the Greek phrase theou kai patros humon literally as “God and our Father.” Some versions say “God our Father” (CEV, NLT) or “God the Father” (NCV), perhaps to avoid giving the impression that God and Father are not one and the same. All other versions understand the pronoun our to go with both God and Father, i.e. “our God and Father.”

Some other ways to translate this phrase are:

God our Father (CEV)

our God, who is our Father

our Father God

General Comment on 1:4a–c

In some languages, it may be more natural to change the order of the clauses in this verse. For example:

^4aJesus gave his life for our sins, ^4cjust as God our Father planned, ^4bin order to rescue us from this evil world in which we live. (NLT)

^4cChrist obeyed God our Father ^4aand gave himself as a sacrifice for our sins ^4bto rescue us from this evil world. (CEV)

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / distinguish

τοῦ δόντος ἑαυτὸν περὶ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν, ὅπως ἐξέληται ἡμᾶς ἐκ τοῦ αἰῶνος τοῦ ἐνεστῶτος πονηροῦ

the_‹one› ˓having˒_given the ¬which ˱of˲_the (Some words not found in SR-GNT: τοῦ δόντος ἑαυτόν περί τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν ὅπως ἐξέληται ἡμάς ἐκ τοῦ αἰῶνος τοῦ ἐνεστῶτος πονηροῦ κατά τό θέλημα τοῦ Θεοῦ καί Πατρός ἡμῶν)

The phrase the one having given himself for our sins so that he might deliver us from the present evil age gives us further information about “our Lord Jesus Christ” mentioned at the end of [1:3](../01/03.md). It is not making a distinction. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the relationship between these phrases clearer. Alternate translation: [who is the one having given himself for our sins so that he might deliver us from the present evil age]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

περὶ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: τοῦ δόντος ἑαυτόν περί τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν ὅπως ἐξέληται ἡμάς ἐκ τοῦ αἰῶνος τοῦ ἐνεστῶτος πονηροῦ κατά τό θέλημα τοῦ Θεοῦ καί Πατρός ἡμῶν)

Here, sins figuratively refers to the punishment for sin. The phrase for our sins refers to Christ giving his life as a substitution for the punishment that our sins deserve. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: [to take the punishment we deserve because of our sins] or [to take the punishment for our sins]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / exclusive

ἡμῶν & ἡμῶν

˱of˲_us & ˱of˲_us

Both uses of our in this verse are inclusive. See the note on our in [1:3](../01/03.md).

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν

the sins ˱of˲_us

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of sins, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “sinful,” or you could express the meaning in some other way that is natural in your language.

Note 5 topic: grammar-connect-logic-goal

ὅπως

so_that

The phrase so that introduces a purpose clause. Paul is stating the purpose for which Christ gave himself for our sins. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. Alternate translation: [in order that]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

ἐκ τοῦ αἰῶνος τοῦ ἐνεστῶτος πονηροῦ

out_of the age ¬which ˓having˒_presented evil

Here, the phrase the present evil age refers not only to a time period but also to the sinful attitudes and actions that characterize the present evil age. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: [from this present time that is dominated by sinfulness] or [from the evil powers at work in the world today]

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / distinguish

τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ Πατρὸς ἡμῶν

the_‹one› the ¬which ˱of˲_the God (Some words not found in SR-GNT: τοῦ δόντος ἑαυτόν περί τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν ὅπως ἐξέληται ἡμάς ἐκ τοῦ αἰῶνος τοῦ ἐνεστῶτος πονηροῦ κατά τό θέλημα τοῦ Θεοῦ καί Πατρός ἡμῶν)

The phrase and Father gives further information about our God. It is not making a distinction between God and Father as if they are two separate entities. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the relationship between these words more clear. Alternate translation: [of our God, who is our Father]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

1. OET-LV words
2. OET-RV words
3. Strongs
4. Greek word
5. Greek lemma
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. the one
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. R-····GMS
7. the ‹one›
8. the ‹one›
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125598
1. having given
2. gave
3. 13250
5. didōmi
6. V-PAA·GMS
7. ˓having˒ given
8. ˓having˒ given
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125599
1. himself
2. himself
3. 14380
5. heautou
6. R-···3AMS
7. himself
8. himself
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125601
1. concerning
2. -
3. 40120
5. peri
6. P-·······
7. concerning
8. concerning
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125602
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····GFP
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125604
1. sins
2. sins
3. 2660
5. hamartia
6. N-····GFP
7. sins
8. sins
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125605
1. of us
2. -
3. 14730
5. egō
6. R-···1G·P
7. ˱of˲ us
8. ˱of˲ us
9. -
10. Y58; R125554; Person=Paul; R125582; R125580
11. 125606
1. so that
2. -
3. 37040
5. hopōs
6. C-·······
7. so_that
8. so_that
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125607
1. he may rescue
2. rescue
3. 18070
5. exaireō
6. V-SAM3··S
7. ˱he˲ ˓may˒ rescue
8. ˱he˲ ˓may˒ rescue
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125608
1. us
2. -
3. 14730
5. egō
6. R-···1A·P
7. us
8. us
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125609
1. out of
2. -
3. 15370
5. ek
6. P-·······
7. out_of
8. out_of
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125610
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····GMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125611
1. age
2. -
3. 1650
5. aiōn
6. N-····GMS
7. age
8. age
9. -
10. Y58; F125612
11. 125613
1. which
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. R-····GMS
7. ¬which
8. ¬which
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125614
1. having presented
2. present
3. 17640
5. enistaō
6. V-PEA·GMS
7. ˓having˒ presented
8. ˓having˒ presented
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125615
1. evil
2. evil
3. 41900
5. ponēros
6. S-····GMS
7. evil
8. evil
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125616
1. according to
2. according
3. 25960
5. kata
6. P-·······
7. according_to
8. according_to
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125617
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····ANS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125618
1. will
2. -
3. 23070
5. thelēma
6. N-····ANS
7. will
8. will
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125619
1. of the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····GMS
7. ˱of˲ the
8. ˱of˲ the
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125620
1. god
2. God
3. 23160
4. GN
5. theos
6. N-····GMS
7. god
8. God
9. GN
10. Y58; Person=God
11. 125621
1. and
2. -
3. 25320
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y58
11. 125622
1. father
2. father's
3. 39620
4. G
5. patēr
6. N-····GMS
7. father
8. Father
9. G
10. Y58; Person=God
11. 125623
1. of us
2. -
3. 14730
5. egō
6. R-···1G·P
7. ˱of˲ us
8. ˱of˲ us
9. -
10. Y58; R125554; Person=Paul; R125582; R125580
11. 125624

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear GAL 1:4

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

Section 1:1–5: Paul greeted the Christians in Galatia

Paragraph 1:3–5

1:4a

1:4b

1:4c

General Comment on 1:4a–c

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)