GAL 2:14 Parallel Verse View

Note: This view shows ‘verses’ which are not natural language units and hence sometimes only part of a sentence will be visible—click on any Bible version abbreviation down the left-hand side to see the verse in more of its context. Normally the OET discourages the reading of individual ‘verses’, but this view is only designed as a tool for doing comparisons of different translations—the older translations are further down the page (so you can read up from the bottom to trace the English translation history). The OET segments on this page are still very early looks into the unfinished texts of the Open English Translation of the Bible—please double-check these texts in advance before using in public.

Text critical issues=small word differences Clarity of original=clear Importance to us=normal (All still tentative.)

OET (OET-RV) but when I saw that they weren’t being honest with the truth of the good message, I had to say to Peter in front of everybody, “If you Jews are living more like non-Jews, and not like strict Jews, how can you force non-Jews to obey all the Jewish traditions?”

Key: khaki:verbs, light-green:nominative/subject, orange:accusative/object, pink:genitive/possessor, cyan:dative/indirect object, red:negative.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).

ULT But when I saw that they were not walking correctly according to the truth of the gospel, I said to Cephas in front of all of them, “If you, being a Jew, live like a Gentile and not like a Jew, how can you force the Gentiles to live like Jews?

UST I had realized that they were not acting forthrightly and in a manner that was consistent with the correct facts and teachings of the good news about the Messiah. So when all the fellow believers had come together, I told Peter the following: “Although you are a Jew, you often conduct yourself like non-Jews do by disregarding Jewish laws about food. When you are among non-Jews, you do not customarily conduct yourself at all like Jews do. So, now it is wrong that you are causing non-Jews to think that they must obey all the Jewish rituals and customs!

2:14 Some translators close this quotation after verse 16 or 21.

2:14 CT literal Cephas

2:14 Some translators close this quotation after verse 16 or 21.

BLB But when I saw that they are not walking in line according to the truth of the gospel, I said to Peter before all, "If you being a Jew live like a Gentile, and not like a Jew, why do you compel the Gentiles to Judaize?

AICNT But when I saw that they were not straightforward about the truth of the gospel, I said to {Cephas}[fn] in front of them all, “If you, being a Jew, live like the Gentiles and not like the Jews, how do you compel the Gentiles to live like Jews?”

2:14, Cephas: Later manuscripts read “Peter.” BYZ TR

OEB But, when I saw that they were not dealing straightforwardly with the truth of the good news, I said to Peter, before them all, ‘If you, who were born a Jew, adopt Gentile customs, instead of Jewish, why are you trying to compel the Gentile converts to adopt Jewish customs?’

WEBBE But when I saw that they didn’t walk uprightly according to the truth of the Good News, I said to Peter before them all, “If you, being a Jew, live as the Gentiles do, and not as the Jews do, why do you compel the Gentiles to live as the Jews do?

WMBB (Same as above)

NET But when I saw that they were not behaving consistently with the truth of the gospel, I said to Cephas in front of them all, “If you, although you are a Jew, live like a Gentile and not like a Jew, how can you try to force the Gentiles to live like Jews?”

LSV But when I saw that they are not walking uprightly to the truth of the good news, I said to Peter before all, “If you, being a Jew, live in the manner of the nations, and not in the manner of the Jews, how do you compel the nations to live like Jews?

FBV When I realized that they weren't taking a firm stand for the truth of the good news, I said to Peter in front of everyone, “If you're a Jew yet live like the foreigners and not like Jews, why are you forcing the foreigners to live like Jews?

TCNT But when I saw that they were not walking uprightly in accordance with the truth of the gospel, I said to [fn]Peter in front of them all, “If yoʋ, though a Jew, live like a Gentile and not like a Jew, [fn]why do yoʋ compel the Gentiles to live like Jews?”

2:14 Peter 91.7% ¦ Cephas CT 4.8%

2:14 why do ¦ how is it that CT

T4T But when I realized that they were not acting according to the truth of the message about Christ, when all the fellow believers there were present, I told Peter the following: “Although you (sg) are a Jew, you often conduct yourself like non-Jews do by disregarding Jewish laws about food. When you are among non-Jews, you (sg) do not customarily conduct yourself at all like Jews do. So, ◄now it is wrong that you (sg) are causing non-Jews to think that they must obey all the Jewish rituals and customs!/why are you (sg) causing non-Jews to think that they must obey all the Jewish rituals and customs?► [RHQ]”

LEB But when I saw that they were not being straightforward with the truth of the gospel, I said to Cephas in the presence of them all, “If you, although you[fn] are a Jew, live like a Gentile and not like a Jew, how can you try to compel the Gentiles to live like Jews?”

2:14 *Here “although” is supplied as a component of the participle (“are”) which is understood as concessive

BBE But when I saw that they were not living uprightly in agreement with the true words of the good news, I said to Cephas before them all, If you, being a Jew, are living like the Gentiles, and not like the Jews, how will you make the Gentiles do the same as the Jews?

Moff But I saw they were swerving from the true line of the gospel; so I said to Cephas in presence of them all, "If you live like the Gentiles and not like the Jews, though you are a Jew yourself, why do you oblige the Gentiles to become Jews?" —

Wymth As soon as I saw that they were not walking uprightly in the spirit of the Good News, I said to Peter, before them all, "If you, though you are a Jew, live as a Gentile does, and not as a Jew, how can you make the Gentiles follow Jewish customs?

ASV But when I saw that they walked not uprightly according to the truth of the gospel, I said unto Cephas before them all, If thou, being a Jew, livest as do the Gentiles, and not as do the Jews, how compellest thou the Gentiles to live as do the Jews?

DRA But when I saw that they walked not uprightly unto the truth of the gospel, I said to Cephas before them all: If thou, being a Jew, livest after the manner of the Gentiles, and not as the Jews do, how dost thou compel the Gentiles to live as do the Jews?

YLT But when I saw that they are not walking uprightly to the truth of the good news, I said to Peter before all, 'If thou, being a Jew, in the manner of the nations dost live, and not in the manner of the Jews, how the nations dost thou compel to Judaize?

Drby But when I saw that they do not walk straightforwardly, according to the truth of the glad tidings, I said to Peter before all, If thou, being a Jew, livest as the nations and not as the Jews, how dost thou compel the nations to Judaize?

RV But when I saw that they walked not uprightly according to the truth of the gospel, I said unto Cephas before them all, If thou, being a Jew, livest as do the Gentiles, and not as do the Jews, how compellest thou the Gentiles to live as do the Jews?
(But when I saw that they walked not uprightly according to the truth of the gospel, I said unto Cephas before them all, If thou/you, being a Jew, livest as do the Gentiles, and not as do the Jews, how compellest thou/you the Gentiles to live as do the Jews? )

SLT But when I saw that they went not upon the strait road according to the truth of the good news, I said to Peter before all, If thou, being a Jew, livest according to the nations, and not according to the Jews, why forcest thou the nations to live as the Jews?

Wbstr But when I saw that they walked not uprightly according to the truth of the gospel, I said to Peter before them all, If thou, being a Jew, livest after the manner of Gentiles, and not as do the Jews, why compellest thou the Gentiles to live as do the Jews?

KJB-1769 But when I saw that they walked not uprightly according to the truth of the gospel, I said unto Peter before them all, If thou, being a Jew, livest after the manner of Gentiles, and not as do the Jews, why compellest thou the Gentiles to live as do the Jews?
(But when I saw that they walked not uprightly according to the truth of the gospel, I said unto Peter before them all, If thou/you, being a Jew, livest after the manner of Gentiles, and not as do the Jews, why compellest thou/you the Gentiles to live as do the Jews? )

KJB-1611 But when I saw that they walked not vprightly according to the truth of the Gospel, I said vnto Peter before them al, If thou, being a Iew, liuest after the maner of Gentiles, and not as doe the Iewes, why compellest thou the Gentiles to liue as do the Iewes?
(Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above, apart from capitalisation)

Bshps But when I sawe that they went not the ryght way to the trueth of the Gospel, I saide vnto Peter before them all: If thou beyng a Iewe, lyuest after the maner of the gentiles, and not as do the Iewes: Why causest thou the gentiles to lyue as do the Iewes?
(But when I saw that they went not the right way to the truth of the Gospel, I said unto Peter before them all: If thou/you being a Yewe, livest after the manner of the gentiles, and not as do the Yews: Why causest thou/you the gentiles to live as do the Yews?)

Gnva But when I saw, that they went not ye right way to the trueth of ye Gospel, I sayd vnto Peter before all men, If thou being a Iewe, liuest as the Gentiles, and not like the Iewes, why constrainest thou the Gentiles to doe like the Iewes?
(But when I saw, that they went not ye/you_all right way to the truth of ye/you_all Gospel, I said unto Peter before all men, If thou/you being a Yewe, livest as the Gentiles, and not like the Yews, why constrainest thou/you the Gentiles to do like the Yews? )

Cvdl But whan I sawe that they walked not right after ye trueth of the Gospell, I sayde vnto Peter openly before all: Yf thou beynge a Iewe, lyuest after the maner of the Gentyles, and not as do the Iewes, why causest thou the Gentyles then to lyue as do the Iewes?
(But when I saw that they walked not right after ye/you_all truth of the Gospel, I said unto Peter openly before all: If thou/you being a Yewe, livest after the manner of the Gentiles, and not as do the Yews, why causest thou/you the Gentiles then to live as do the Yews?)

TNT But when I sawe that they went not the ryght waye after the trueth of the gospell I sayde vnto Peter before all men yf thou beynge a Iewe livest after the maner of the gentyls and not as do the Iewes: why causest thou the getyls to live as do the Iewes?
(But when I saw that they went not the right way after the truth of the gospel I said unto Peter before all men if thou/you being a Yewe livest after the manner of the gentiles and not as do the Yews: why causest thou/you the getyls to live as do the Yews? )

Wycl But whanne Y sawy, that thei walkiden not riytli to the treuthe of the gospel, Y seide to Petre bifor alle men, If thou, that art a Jew, lyuest hethenlich, and not Jewelich, hou constreynest thou hethene men to bicome Jewis?
(But when I sawy, that they walkedn not riytli to the truth of the gospel, I said to Peter before all men, If thou/you, that art a Yew, livest heathenlich, and not Jewelich, how constreynest thou/you heathen men to bicome Yews?)

Luth Aber da ich sah, daß sie nicht richtig wandelten nach der Wahrheit des Evangeliums, sprach ich zu Petrus vor allen öffentlich: So du, der du ein Jude bist, heidnisch lebest und nicht jüdisch, warum zwingest du denn die Heiden, jüdisch zu leben?
(But there I saw, that they/she/them not correct walked/strolled after the/of_the truth the gospel, spoke I to/for Peter before/in_front_of all/everyone public: So you(sg), the/of_the you(sg) a Yude are, heidnisch livest and not Yewish, why zwingest you(sg) because/than the heathens, Yewish to/for life?)

ClVg Sed cum vidissem quod non recte ambularent ad veritatem Evangelii, dixi Cephæ coram omnibus: Si tu, cum Judæus sis, gentiliter vivis, et non judaice: quomodo gentes cogis judaizare?[fn]
(But when/with I_sawssem that not/no correctly/straight they_would_walk to the_truth of_the_Gospels, I_said Cephæ before to_all: When/But_if you(sg), when/with Yudahus sis, nationliter alives, and not/no Jewishly: how people/nations cogis yudaizare? )

2.14 Quomodo gentes cogis. Non docentis imperio, sed conversationis exemplo.

2.14 How/In_what_manner people/nations cogis. Not/No teachis command, but conversation example.

UGNT ἀλλ’ ὅτε εἶδον ὅτι οὐκ ὀρθοποδοῦσιν πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου, εἶπον τῷ Κηφᾷ ἔμπροσθεν πάντων, εἰ σὺ Ἰουδαῖος, ὑπάρχων ἐθνικῶς καὶ οὐκ Ἰουδαϊκῶς ζῇς, πῶς τὰ ἔθνη ἀναγκάζεις Ἰουδαΐζειν?
(all’ hote eidon hoti ouk orthopodousin pros taʸn alaʸtheian tou euangeliou, eipon tōi Kaʸfa emprosthen pantōn, ei su Youdaios, huparⱪōn ethnikōs kai ouk Youdaikōs zaʸs, pōs ta ethnaʸ anagkazeis Youdaizein?)

SBL-GNT ἀλλʼ ὅτε εἶδον ὅτι οὐκ ὀρθοποδοῦσιν πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου, εἶπον τῷ ⸀Κηφᾷ ἔμπροσθεν πάντων· Εἰ σὺ Ἰουδαῖος ὑπάρχων ἐθνικῶς ⸂καὶ ⸀οὐκ Ἰουδαϊκῶς ζῇς⸃, ⸀πῶς τὰ ἔθνη ἀναγκάζεις Ἰουδαΐζειν;
(allʼ hote eidon hoti ouk orthopodousin pros taʸn alaʸtheian tou euangeliou, eipon tōi ⸀Kaʸfa emprosthen pantōn; Ei su Youdaios huparⱪōn ethnikōs ⸂kai ⸀ouk Youdaikōs zaʸs⸃, ⸀pōs ta ethnaʸ anagkazeis Youdaizein;)

RP-GNT Ἀλλ' ὅτε εἶδον ὅτι οὐκ ὀρθοποδοῦσιν πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου, εἶπον τῷ Πέτρῳ ἔμπροσθεν πάντων, Εἰ σύ, Ἰουδαῖος ὑπάρχων, ἐθνικῶς ζῇς καὶ οὐκ Ἰουδαϊκῶς, τί τὰ ἔθνη ἀναγκάζεις Ἰουδαΐζειν;
(All' hote eidon hoti ouk orthopodousin pros taʸn alaʸtheian tou euangeliou, eipon tōi Petrōi emprosthen pantōn, Ei su, Youdaios huparⱪōn, ethnikōs zaʸs kai ouk Youdaikōs, ti ta ethnaʸ anagkazeis Youdaizein;)

TC-GNT Ἀλλ᾽ ὅτε εἶδον ὅτι οὐκ ὀρθοποδοῦσι πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου, εἶπον τῷ [fn]Πέτρῳ ἔμπροσθεν πάντων, Εἰ σύ, Ἰουδαῖος ὑπάρχων, ἐθνικῶς [fn]ζῇς καὶ οὐκ Ἰουδαϊκῶς, [fn]τί τὰ ἔθνη ἀναγκάζεις Ἰουδαΐζειν;
(All hote eidon hoti ouk orthopodousi pros taʸn alaʸtheian tou euangeliou, eipon tōi Petrōi emprosthen pantōn, Ei su, Youdaios huparⱪōn, ethnikōs zaʸs kai ouk Youdaikōs, ti ta ethnaʸ anagkazeis Youdaizein; )

2:14 πετρω 91.7% ¦ κηφα CT 4.8%

2:14 ζης και ουκ ιουδαικως 77.9% ¦ και ουχι ιουδαικως ζης NA 1.8% ¦ και ουκ ιουδαικως ζης SBL TH WH 1.6%

2:14 τι ¦ πως CT

Key for above GNTs: yellow:punctuation differs, red:words differ (from our SR-GNT base).

SOTN SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 2:11–21: Paul corrected Peter in Antioch

In this section, Paul told his readers what the true gospel is. It is salvation by faith in Christ alone. Obeying the law is not part of the true gospel. Doing what the law demands does not justify anyone.

Paul told how Peter had deserted the true gospel. He wanted the Galatians to understand how they too were deserting the true gospel. They had started to think that it was necessary to obey the law to be justified. Paul wanted them to read about his rebuke to Peter so that they could recognize how their own situation was similar. They must completely reject justification through the law. He emphasized that justification is by faith in Christ alone.

This section also shows that Paul’s authority as an apostle was at least as great as Peter’s was. This section is also an indirect rebuke of the false teachers who had come to the Galatian churches and required the non-Jews to adopt Jewish traditions to be accepted as true Christians.

Some other possible headings for this section are:

Paul rebukes Peter

Paul defended the truth of the gospel

Paul shows how Peter was wrong

Paragraph 2:14–21

In this paragraph, Paul asked Peter and the other Jewish believers to live according to the true gospel. This meant that they had to reject the idea that they were justified by obeying the law. Paul emphasized that justification is by faith in Christ alone. Peter’s actions had implied that it was also necessary to keep the law. That would make Christ’s death meaningless and nullify the grace of God.

In 2:14c, Paul began to speak directly to Peter. There are at least three ways to interpret where Paul’s direct speech to Peter ends:

It ends after verse 21. (NIV, NASB, CEV)
It ends after verse 14. In verses 15–21, what Paul said to Peter is indirect speech. (BSB, ESV, NET, RSV, JBP, GNT, NJB, GW, NCV)
It ends after verse 16. (NLT)

It is recommended that you follow option (1). In 2:15, it is possible that Paul began to also talk to the other people who were there. But he was still also talking to Peter. So Paul’s speech does not end until verse 21.Schreiner on page 150 says, “The first question to be asked is where Paul’s words to Peter, which began in 2:11, end. Since quotation marks are lacking in the original manuscripts, certainty eludes us. Possibly the words directed to Peter conclude after 2:14, 2:15, 2:16, 2:18, or 2:21. I personally argue that it makes most sense to see all of 2:14–21 as addressed to Peter. At least four pieces of evidence support this conclusion. (1) Verse 15 is not clearly set off from 2:11–14. (2) The first person plural pronouns in 2:15–17 most naturally refer to Jewish Christians and would speak to such people in Antioch. (3) Verse 17 may reflect the charges against Peter. (4) A new subject commences on 3:1, where the Galatians are addressed directly.”

If you choose option (2), your translation should still show that Paul is indirectly speaking to Peter in 2:15–21. For example, at the beginning of 2:15, the JBP says:

And then I went on to explain that (JBP)

2:14a

When I saw that they were not walking in line with the truth of the gospel,

¶ But when I saw that they were not acting according to the true gospel,
¶ But when I saw that those people were not following the true message of the gospel,
¶ But when I discovered that they were not obeying the true gospel,

This verse begins with a Greek conjunction that is often translated as “but.” Most English versions translate it that way in order to show that there is a contrast between 2:11–13 and 2:14–21. The contrast is between Peter’s wrong way to think and act and the right way. Here is another way to show this contrast:

However

The BSB has not translated this conjunction, and some other versions, such as the NIV and NLT, also do not translate it. In some languages, it will not be necessary to translate this conjunction either. Connect 2:14a to 2:13b in a way that is natural in your language.

When I saw: The Greek verb that the BSB translates as I saw includes the meaning of “discovered” or “found out.” Paul discovered that Peter was acting hypocritically and rebuked him.

Some other ways to translate this clause are:

When I discovered

When I noticed/observed

that they were not walking in line with: In Greek, this verb phrase is more literally “they were not walking straight to.” It means that “they did not act/live rightly.” When Peter, Barnabas, and other Jewish believers at Antioch separated themselves from the Gentile believers, they were not living according to the truth of the gospel.

Some other ways to translate this phrase are:

they were not walking a straight path in line with (GNT)

that they were not following (NLT)

that they were not really obeying (CEV)

they were not walking: This phrase refers to the actions of Peter, Barnabas, and the other Jewish believers who had separated themselves from the Gentile believers.

the truth of the gospel: This phrase means “the message of the true gospel” or “the truth that is the gospel.”

Some other ways to translate this phrase are:

the true gospel

the true Good News

the true message from God

Paul used this same phrase in 2:5b.

2:14b

I said to Cephas in front of them all,

I said to Peter in front of everyone,
I rebuked Peter publicly. I said to him,

I said to Cephas in front of them all: This clause introduces Paul’s words of rebuke to Cephas (Peter). One way to make it clear that Paul was rebuking Peter is:

I rebuked Peter in front of everyone and said

in front of them all: This phrase indicates that Paul rebuked Peter where everyone in the Antioch church would also hear what he said.

Some other ways to translate this phrase are:

publicly

so that everyone could hear (JBP)

Peter’s actions had affected the whole church in Antioch. It was a serious problem. Paul had to rebuke Peter publicly.

2:14c

“If you, who are a Jew, live like a Gentile and not like a Jew,

“Even though you^(sing) are a Jew, you behave/live like a Gentile and not like a Jew.
“You^(sing) are a Jew, but you live/act like a Gentile. You do not live/act like a Jew.
“Peter, you are a Jew, but you live like a Gentile. (CEV)

If you, who are a Jew, live like a Gentile and not like a Jew: In this “if” clause, there is an embedded phrase who are a Jew. In some languages, it will be easier to put this embedded phrase first. For example:

You are a Jew. But if you live like a Gentile and not like a Jew

The clause If you…live like a Gentile was true. Peter was living like a Gentile in the sense that he was eating with Gentiles. He was not separating himself from Gentiles during meals like Jews were supposed to do. He was probably eating food that was not acceptable to Jews.

In some languages, it will be easier to translate this clause without using “if.” For example:

Even though you are a Jew, you are behaving like a Gentile and not like a Jew.

Peter, you are a Jew, but you live/act like a person who is not a Jew. You do not live/act like a Jew.

Notice that the phrase a Jew is repeated. In some languages, it is not necessary to repeat it. For example:

Peter, you are a Jew, but you live like a Gentile. (CEV)

2:14d

how can you compel the Gentiles to live like Jews?”

So why do you^(sing) force the Gentiles to live like Jews?
You^(sing) must not force non-Jewish believers to follow Jewish customs.

how can you compel the Gentiles to live like Jews?: This is a rhetorical question. It is a rebuke. When Peter stopped eating with the Gentile Christians, his actions implied (falsely) that believers needed to follow Jewish laws. In that way, he was forcing the Gentiles to obey those laws and thus to live like Jews. So Paul rebuked him for his behavior.

Some ways to translate this rebuke are:

As a rhetorical question. For example:
How can you require Gentile believers to live like Jews?
So why do you now try to force those who are not Jewish to live like Jews? (NCV)
As a statement. For example:
It’s wrong for you to force Gentile believers to live like Jews.
As a command. For example:
You must not force Gentiles to follow Jewish customs!

Translate this rebuke in a natural way in your language.

compel: The word compel means “require.” It is the same word that Paul used in 2:3a.

Some other ways to translate this word are:

force

push

the Gentiles: In this clause the word Gentiles refers to non-Jewish Christians.

to live like Jews: The Greek word which the BSB translates as live like Jews refers to becoming Jewish.

Some other ways to translate this word are:

to become Jews

to follow Jewish customs (NIV)

UTN uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-logic-contrast

ἀλλ’

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἀλλʼ ὅτε εἶδον ὅτι οὐκ ὀρθοποδοῦσιν πρός τήν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου εἶπον τῷ Κηφᾷ ἔμπροσθεν πάντων Εἰ σύ Ἰουδαῖος ὑπάρχων ἐθνικῶς καί οὐχ Ἰουδαϊκῶς ζῇς πῶς τά ἔθνη ἀναγκάζεις Ἰουδαΐζειν)

Here, Paul uses the word But to introduce a contrast between his actions and the wrong actions of Cephas, Barnabas, and the other Jewish believers that he described in [2:12-13](../02/12.md). Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast.

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

οὐκ ὀρθοποδοῦσιν

not ˱they˲_˓are˒_walking_straight

Here, the word walking is a figure of speech which refers to how people act or conduct their lives. In Jewish culture a person’s behavior was spoken of as if that person was walking along a path. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning using plain language. Alternate translation: [they were not acting correctly] or [they were not conducting their lives correctly]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of truth, you could express the same idea in some other way that is natural in your language. See how you translated the phrase the truth of the gospel in [2:5](../02/05.md).

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / quotations

εἰ σὺ Ἰουδαῖος, ὑπάρχων ἐθνικῶς καὶ οὐκ Ἰουδαϊκῶς ζῇς, πῶς τὰ ἔθνη ἀναγκάζεις Ἰουδαΐζειν

This is the beginning of a direct quotation in which Paul quotes what he said to Cephas. Some Bible scholars think this quote ends at the end of this verse, while other Bible scholars think that this quotation continues until the end of [2:21](../02/21.md). Some Bible scholars think that part of Paul’s words in [2:15-21](../02/15.md) could be him summarizing what he said to Peter and the Jews who were present. The ULT uses quotation marks from this point through the end of [2:21](../02/21.md). Use a natural way in your language for indicating that Paul’s words from here to the end of [2:21](../02/21.md) are a quotation. If you decide that Paul is quoting himself only through the end of this verse, then use a natural way in your language for indicating that Paul’s words from here to the end of this verse are the complete, direct quotation.

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / rquestion

εἰ σὺ Ἰουδαῖος, ὑπάρχων ἐθνικῶς καὶ οὐκ Ἰουδαϊκῶς ζῇς, πῶς τὰ ἔθνη ἀναγκάζεις Ἰουδαΐζειν

Paul is not asking for information, but is using the question form here to emphatically rebuke Cephas and to help Cephas understand the hypocrisy of his actions. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation, and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: [You are a Jew, and live like a Gentile and not like a Jew, and so it is very hypocritical for you to force the Gentiles to live like Jews!] or [You are a Jew, and live like a Gentile and not like a Jew, and so it is very wrong for you to force the Gentiles to live like Jews!]

Note 6 topic: grammar-connect-condition-fact

εἰ σὺ Ἰουδαῖος, ὑπάρχων ἐθνικῶς καὶ οὐκ Ἰουδαϊκῶς ζῇς

Paul is speaking as if this were a hypothetical possibility, but he means that it is actually true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might misunderstand and think that what Paul is saying is not certain, then you can translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: [Since you, being a Jew, live like a Gentile and not a like Jew]

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / yousingular

σὺ & ἀναγκάζεις

Both occurrences of the word you in this verse refer to Peter and are singular.

Parallel GAL 2:14

Section 2:11–21: Paul corrected Peter in Antioch

Paragraph 2:14–21

2:14a

2:14b

2:14c

2:14d