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Heb 1 V1 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14

OET interlinear HEB 1:2

← HEB 1:2 ↓ → ► ║ ©

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

    1. Greek word
    2. Greek lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. ἐπʼ
    2. epi
    3. in
    4. -
    5. 19090
    6. P·······
    7. in
    8. in
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140973
    1. ἐσχάτου
    2. esχatos
    3. +the last
    4. -
    5. 20780
    6. S····GNS
    7. ˓the˒ last
    8. ˓the˒ last
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140974
    1. ἐσχάτων
    2. esχatos
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 20780
    6. E····GFP
    7. last
    8. last
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 140975
    1. τῶν
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····GFP
    7. ¬the
    8. ¬the
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140976
    1. ἡμερῶν
    2. hēmera
    3. days
    4. days
    5. 22500
    6. N····GFP
    7. days
    8. days
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140977
    1. τούτων
    2. houtos
    3. these
    4. these
    5. 37780
    6. E····GFP
    7. these
    8. these
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140978
    1. ἐλάλησεν
    2. laleō
    3. spoke
    4. spoke
    5. 29800
    6. VIAA3··S
    7. spoke
    8. spoke
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140979
    1. ἡμῖν
    2. egō
    3. to us
    4. -
    5. 14730
    6. R···1D·P
    7. ˱to˲ us
    8. ˱to˲ us
    9. -
    10. Y64; F141246; F141265; F141269; F141317; F141380; F141392; F141589; F141670; F141684; F141814; F141824; F141888; F141900; F141914; F141940
    11. 140980
    1. ἐν
    2. en
    3. by
    4. -
    5. 17220
    6. P·······
    7. by
    8. by
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140981
    1. Υἱῷ
    2. huios
    3. ^his son
    4. -
    5. 52070
    6. N····DMS
    7. ˓his˒ son
    8. ˓his˒ Son
    9. G
    10. Y64; Person=Jesus
    11. 140982
    1. ὅν
    2. hos
    3. whom
    4. -
    5. 37390
    6. R····AMS
    7. whom
    8. whom
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140983
    1. ἔθηκεν
    2. tithēmi
    3. he appointed
    4. appointed
    5. 50870
    6. VIAA3··S
    7. ˱he˲ appointed
    8. ˱he˲ appointed
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140984
    1. κληρονόμον
    2. klēronomos
    3. heir
    4. -
    5. 28180
    6. N····AMS
    7. heir
    8. heir
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140985
    1. πάντων
    2. pas
    3. of all things
    4. -
    5. 39560
    6. S····GNP
    7. ˱of˲ all ‹things›
    8. ˱of˲ all ‹things›
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140986
    1. διʼ
    2. dia
    3. through
    4. -
    5. 12230
    6. P·······
    7. through
    8. through
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140987
    1. οὗ
    2. hos
    3. whom
    4. -
    5. 37390
    6. R····GMS
    7. whom
    8. whom
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140988
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. also
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. D·······
    7. also
    8. also
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140989
    1. ἐποίησεν
    2. poieō
    3. he made
    4. -
    5. 41600
    6. VIAA3··S
    7. ˱he˲ made
    8. ˱he˲ made
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140990
    1. τούς
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····AMP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140991
    1. αἰῶνας
    2. aiōn
    3. ages
    4. -
    5. 1650
    6. N····AMP
    7. ages
    8. ages
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140992
    1. ἐποίησεν
    2. poieō
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 41600
    6. VIAA3··S
    7. ˱he˲ made
    8. ˱he˲ made
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 140993

OET (OET-LV) in the_last the days these, spoke to_us by ^his_son, whom he_appointed heir of_all things, through whom also he_made the ages,

OET (OET-RV) but in these last days he spoke to us through his son who he appointed to inherit everything. It was also through him that he made the different eras—

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 1:1–4: Introduction: God has spoken through his Son

The first four verses of the book of Hebrews explain what the book is about. In the past God spoke to his people through his prophets. Now during this later time, he has spoken to his people through his own Son. God’s Son shows people who God is.

In 1:1–2a the author used parallelism to show a contrast between how God spoke in the past and how he speaks now. In the past God spoke through the prophets, but now God speaks to us through his Son. In your translation, it is important to emphasize this contrast, especially the fact that God now speaks to us by the Son.

1:1

1:2

in the past

in these last days

to our fathers

to us

through the prophets

by His Son

In Greek, the four verses in 1:1–4 are one long sentence that describes who the Son is and what he has done. It is common in Greek to have long sentences like this. Most English versions divide this section into several sentences. You may do what is natural in your language.

In 1:2b–3e there are seven important facts about God’s Son:

  1. God appointed his Son to be heir of all things (an important theme in 1:5–6).

  2. God created everything through his Son (an important theme in 1:7–14).

  3. The Son reflects God’s glory (an important theme in 2:5–8).

  4. The Son shows us exactly what God is like.

  5. The Son keeps everything working by his powerful word.

  6. The Son made a way to make people clean from their sin (an important theme in 2:10–17, 5:1–10, 7:1–28, and 9:1–10:18).

  7. The Son sat down on the right side of God (see 1:13 and 8:1–2).

It is good to translate the section before you decide on a heading for it. Some other possible headings are:

God has revealed himself to us through his Son.

The greatness of the Son of God

Paragraph 1:1–4

There are several ways to arrange the phrases in 1:1–4. The BSB mostly follows the order of phrases in the Greek text. The NIV uses a different order. Compare the order of the phrases in the BSB and NIV below:

1On many past occasions and in many different ways, God spoke to our fathers through the prophets. 2But in these last days He has spoken to us by His Son… (BSB)

1In the past God spoke to our forefathers through the prophets at many times and in various ways, 2but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son… (NIV)

The NIV puts the phrase “at many times and in various ways” at the end of 1:1 instead of at the beginning, as in the BSB. Use an order that is natural in your language.

1:2a

But in these last days He has spoken to us by His Son,

But in these last days He has spoken to us by His Son: The BSB supplies the word But because 1:2a contrasts with 1:1. However, it is also parallel to 1:1. After speaking through the prophets, he spoke through his own Son. The GW translates the contrast and the parallelism without using a conjunction:

1In the past God spoke to our ancestors…through the prophets. 2In these last days he has spoken to us through his Son. (GW)

Translate the connection between the verses in a natural way in your language.

in these last days: The phrase in these last days refers to the period of time before the world ends. The word these indicates that the last days had already begun when the author wrote Hebrews. Many scholars believe that these days began with the death and resurrection of Christ and continue until his return.

Some ways to translate in these last days are:

at the end of this present age (JBP)

in the final days of this era/time

He has spoken to us by His Son: The phrases “through the prophets” and by His Son both begin with the Greek word en ‘in’ where we might expect the more usual dia ‘through, by means of.’ But en can also have the meaning of ‘through, by means of.’ God did indeed speak through the prophets, but he also spoke “in the person of the prophets.” They were indeed the messengers, but they themselves and the lives they lived were also part of the message to people. In the same way, God’s Son was himself the message about God, as well as being the messenger. The clause He has spoken to us by His Son is similar to the phrase “by the prophets” in 1:1. It indicates that God used his Son to speak to us. God’s Son spoke God’s words to people, and he also is God’s Word. He communicates to people what God wants them to know.

Some other ways to translate the clause are:

he has spoken to us through his Son (GNT)

God sent his Son to speak his messages

us: The pronoun us refers to both the author and readers of Hebrews.

His Son: In the Greek text the phrase His Son is simply Son. It refers to God’s Son, Jesus. In other passages, the full title “the Son of God” is used (see 4:14 and 6:6, for example). This title was often used to refer to a savior who would be a descendant of King David. God would send this savior to rescue his people. This person was often referred to as the “Messiah” or “Christ.”

The title “the Son of God” also indicates that Jesus has the same nature and character as God. The relationship between God the Father and Jesus, his Son, is similar in some way to the relationship between human fathers and sons. God the Father does not have a physical body. He did not have a sexual relationship with Mary that resulted in her becoming pregnant and giving birth to Jesus. The Son of God existed eternally as the Son with his Father.

In areas where people do not understand the title “the Son of God” in this way, you may want to include a footnote that explains the correct meaning. Here is a suggested footnote:

This title refers to Jesus. It indicates that Jesus has the same nature and character as God. It does not mean that God the Father had a sexual relationship with Mary that resulted in her becoming pregnant and giving birth to Jesus. Mary became pregnant with Jesus in a miraculous way by the Holy Spirit of God.

In some languages, it is natural to speak of a son as a “child,” without specifying male or female. If that is true in your language, you may use a more general term, such as:

the Child of GodA translation of the title “the Son of God” must include a familial term such as “son” or “child.” Translations such as “the man who is God,” “the divine man,” or “the God man” are not acceptable, since they do not retain familial language. Examples of acceptable translation options include “the Son who comes from God,” and “the divine/unique/eternal Son of God.”

Other verses will usually make clear that Jesus was a male child. If you use a phrase such as “the male child of God,” be sure that it does not imply that God had another child who was female.

1:2b–3e

In 1:2b–3e the author tells seven facts about the greatness of God’s Son.

1:2b

whom He appointed heir of all things,

This part of the verse tells the first fact that the author said about the greatness of God’s Son in 1:2b–3e.

whom He appointed heir of all things: When God appointed his Son as the heir, he declared that his Son owns everything, just as God himself does. God decided that his Son will own all things.

In some languages the word heir may wrongly imply that God will die and his Son will inherit his things. If that is true in your language, you should translate the meaning in a different way. For example:

God has chosen his Son to own all things (NCV)

God made his Son responsible for everything. (GW)

heir: In this context the Greek word that the BSB translates as heir means “someone who receives something as his own possession.” It does not imply here that he receives it as a result of someone’s death. See the preceding note for translation examples.

1:2c

and through whom He made the universe.

This part of the verse is similar to John 1:3 and Colossians 1:16. It is the second fact that the author said about the greatness of God’s Son in 1:2b–3e.

through whom He made the universe: The phrase through whom He made the universe indicates that God created everything by means of his Son. God caused his Son to create everything. Some other ways to translate this are:

It was through his Son that God made the universe.

God created the universe by means of his Son.

God caused his Son to be the one to create the universe.

the universe: The Greek word that the BSB translates as universe is plural, and it refers to the whole creation. It includes not just the world itself, but everything that God created. It includes the earth, the sea, the sun, the moon, and the stars. In some languages, you may need to use a phrase to express this meaning. For example:

the earth and the sky

the whole world

General Comment on 1:2b–c

In some languages it may be more natural to reorder 1:2b–c. You may need to say that God made everything through his Son, before you say that God made him heir of everything. Several English versions follow this order. For example:

2cHe is the one through whom God created the universe, 2bthe one whom God has chosen to possess all things at the end. (GNT)

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / parallelism

ἐπ’ ἐσχάτου τῶν ἡμερῶν τούτων, ἐλάλησεν ἡμῖν ἐν Υἱῷ, ὃν

in ˓the˒_last ¬the days these spoke ˱to˲_us by ˓his˒_Son (Some words not found in SR-GNT: ἐπʼ ἐσχάτου τῶν ἡμερῶν τούτων ἐλάλησεν ἡμῖν ἐν Υἱῷ ὅν ἔθηκεν κληρονόμον πάντων διʼ οὗ καί ἐποίησεν τούς αἰῶνας)

The author uses words and phrases in this clause that make its structure parallel to the previous verse ([1:1](../01/01.md)). He does this to emphasize the contrast between “long ago” and at the last of these days. If possible, use the same structures in this clause as you did in the last verse. Alternate translation: [has spoken to us through a Son at the last of these days. This Son is the one whom]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

ἐπ’ ἐσχάτου τῶν ἡμερῶν τούτων

in ˓the˒_last ¬the days these

The phrase the last of these days refers to the last period in the history of the world, which began when Jesus lived, died, and came alive again. Alternate translation: [in the last period in the history of the world]

Note 3 topic: guidelines-sonofgodprinciples

Υἱῷ

˓his˒_Son

The word Son is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God.

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / possession

κληρονόμον πάντων

heir ˱of˲_all_‹things›

The author uses the possessive form to indicate that the heir receives or inherits all things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase such as “receive” or “inherit.” Alternate translation: [the heir who inherits all things]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἔθηκεν κληρονόμον πάντων

˱he˲_appointed heir ˱of˲_all_‹things›

The author speaks as if Jesus were a child who would receive property passed on by the parent to their child when the parent dies. He speaks in this way to indicate that Jesus is the Son who will “inherit” all things, which means that he will rule over everything that exists. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [he appointed owner of all things] or [he appointed to be the one who will rule over all things]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Greek word
    5. Greek lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. in
    2. -
    3. 19090
    5. epi
    6. P-·······
    7. in
    8. in
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140973
    1. +the last
    2. -
    3. 20780
    5. esχatos
    6. S-····GNS
    7. ˓the˒ last
    8. ˓the˒ last
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140974
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····GFP
    7. ¬the
    8. ¬the
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140976
    1. days
    2. days
    3. 22500
    5. hēmera
    6. N-····GFP
    7. days
    8. days
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140977
    1. these
    2. these
    3. 37780
    5. houtos
    6. E-····GFP
    7. these
    8. these
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140978
    1. spoke
    2. spoke
    3. 29800
    5. laleō
    6. V-IAA3··S
    7. spoke
    8. spoke
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140979
    1. to us
    2. -
    3. 14730
    5. egō
    6. R-···1D·P
    7. ˱to˲ us
    8. ˱to˲ us
    9. -
    10. Y64; F141246; F141265; F141269; F141317; F141380; F141392; F141589; F141670; F141684; F141814; F141824; F141888; F141900; F141914; F141940
    11. 140980
    1. by
    2. -
    3. 17220
    5. en
    6. P-·······
    7. by
    8. by
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140981
    1. ^his son
    2. -
    3. 52070
    4. G
    5. huios
    6. N-····DMS
    7. ˓his˒ son
    8. ˓his˒ Son
    9. G
    10. Y64; Person=Jesus
    11. 140982
    1. whom
    2. -
    3. 37390
    5. hos
    6. R-····AMS
    7. whom
    8. whom
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140983
    1. he appointed
    2. appointed
    3. 50870
    5. tithēmi
    6. V-IAA3··S
    7. ˱he˲ appointed
    8. ˱he˲ appointed
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140984
    1. heir
    2. -
    3. 28180
    5. klēronomos
    6. N-····AMS
    7. heir
    8. heir
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140985
    1. of all things
    2. -
    3. 39560
    5. pas
    6. S-····GNP
    7. ˱of˲ all ‹things›
    8. ˱of˲ all ‹things›
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140986
    1. through
    2. -
    3. 12230
    5. dia
    6. P-·······
    7. through
    8. through
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140987
    1. whom
    2. -
    3. 37390
    5. hos
    6. R-····GMS
    7. whom
    8. whom
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140988
    1. also
    2. -
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. D-·······
    7. also
    8. also
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140989
    1. he made
    2. -
    3. 41600
    5. poieō
    6. V-IAA3··S
    7. ˱he˲ made
    8. ˱he˲ made
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140990
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····AMP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140991
    1. ages
    2. -
    3. 1650
    5. aiōn
    6. N-····AMP
    7. ages
    8. ages
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 140992

OET (OET-LV) in the_last the days these, spoke to_us by ^his_son, whom he_appointed heir of_all things, through whom also he_made the ages,

OET (OET-RV) but in these last days he spoke to us through his son who he appointed to inherit everything. It was also through him that he made the different eras—

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

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← HEB 1:2 ↑ → ► ║ ©