OET interlinear ZEC 1:21

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: writing-pronouns

אֵ֥לֶּה & אֵ֣לֶּה הַ⁠קְּרָנ֞וֹת & וַ⁠יָּבֹ֤אוּ אֵ֨לֶּה֙

(ʼēlleh & ʼēlleh ha⁠qqərānōt & va⁠yyāⱱoʼū ʼēlleh)

The word These is used three times in this verse with two different referents. The first and third these refers to the craftsmen. The second these refers to the horns, that is, the powerful nations. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: [are these craftsmen … These horns are the nations … And these craftsmen have come]

Note 2 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

וַ⁠יָּבֹ֤אוּ אֵ֨לֶּה֙ לְ⁠הַחֲרִ֣יד אֹתָ֔⁠ם

(va⁠yyāⱱoʼū ʼēlleh lə⁠haḩₐrid ʼotā⁠m)

The term translated as And here indicates that what follows is the result or purpose of what came before. The craftsmen have come in order to terrify the nations that scattered Judah. Use a connector in your language that makes this clear. Alternate translation: [So these have come to terrify them]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

קַרְנ֣וֹת הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֗ם

(qarnōt ha⁠ggōyim)

Here, the horns of the nations represents the military power of those nations. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: [the armies of the nations]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

אֶ֥רֶץ יְהוּדָ֖ה

(ʼereʦ yəhūdāh)

Here, the land of Judah represents the people who live there. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: [against the people of Judah]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

כְּ⁠פִי

(kə⁠fī)

The angel is using according to the mouth of as a common expression of the culture to mean “so that.” If this phrase does not have that meaning for your readers, you could use a comparable expression from your language that does have that meaning, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [to the extent that]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

אִישׁ֙ לֹא־נָשָׂ֣א רֹאשׁ֔⁠וֹ

(ʼīsh loʼ-nāsāʼ roʼsh⁠ō)

The angel is using has not lifted up his head as a common expression of the culture to mean “no one was able to resist or act with confidence.” If this phrase does not have that meaning for your readers, you could use a comparable expression from your language that does have that meaning, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [no one was able to resist them] or [no one dared to oppose them]

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

הַ⁠נֹּשְׂאִ֥ים קֶ֛רֶן אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ יְהוּדָ֖ה

(ha⁠nnosʼim qeren ʼel-ʼereʦ yəhūdāh)

Here, lifting up a horn represents exercising aggressive military power. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: [the ones using their military power against the land of Judah]