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Eph C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6

Eph 2 V1 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22

OET interlinear EPH 2:2

◄ ← EPH 2:2 ↓ → ► ║ ©

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

    1. Greek word
    2. Greek lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. ἐν
    2. en
    3. in
    4. -
    5. 17220
    6. P·······
    7. in
    8. in
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128461
    1. αἷς
    2. hos
    3. which
    4. -
    5. 37390
    6. R····DFP
    7. which
    8. which
    9. -
    10. Y64; R128452; R128456
    11. 128462
    1. ποτέ
    2. pote
    3. once
    4. -
    5. 42180
    6. D·······
    7. once
    8. once
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128463
    1. περιεπατήσατε
    2. peripateō
    3. you all walked
    4. walked
    5. 40430
    6. VIAA2··P
    7. ˱you_all˲ walked
    8. ˱you_all˲ walked
    9. -
    10. Y64; R128008
    11. 128464
    1. κατά
    2. kata
    3. according to
    4. -
    5. 25960
    6. P·······
    7. according_to
    8. according_to
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128465
    1. τόν
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····AMS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128466
    1. αἰῶνα
    2. aiōn
    3. age
    4. -
    5. 1650
    6. N····AMS
    7. age
    8. age
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128467
    1. τοῦ
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····GMS
    7. ¬the
    8. ¬the
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128468
    1. κόσμου
    2. kosmos
    3. of world
    4. world
    5. 28890
    6. N····GMS
    7. ˱of˲ world
    8. ˱of˲ world
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128469
    1. τούτου
    2. houtos
    3. this
    4. -
    5. 37780
    6. E····GMS
    7. this
    8. this
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128470
    1. κατά
    2. kata
    3. according to
    4. -
    5. 25960
    6. P·······
    7. according_to
    8. according_to
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128471
    1. τόν
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····AMS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128472
    1. ἄρχοντα
    2. arχōn
    3. ruler
    4. ruler
    5. 7580
    6. N····AMS
    7. ruler
    8. ruler
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128473
    1. τῆς
    2. ho
    3. of the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····GFS
    7. ˱of˲ the
    8. ˱of˲ the
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128474
    1. ἐξουσίας
    2. exousia
    3. authority
    4. -
    5. 18490
    6. N····GFS
    7. authority
    8. authority
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128475
    1. τοῦ
    2. ho
    3. of the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····GMS
    7. ˱of˲ the
    8. ˱of˲ the
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128476
    1. ἀέρος
    2. aēr
    3. air
    4. -
    5. 1090
    6. N····GMS
    7. air
    8. air
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128477
    1. τοῦ
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····GNS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128478
    1. πνεύματος
    2. pneuma
    3. spirit
    4. spirit
    5. 41510
    6. N····GNS
    7. spirit
    8. spirit
    9. -
    10. Y64; F128483
    11. 128479
    1. τοῦ
    2. ho
    3. which
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. R····GNS
    7. ¬which
    8. ¬which
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128480
    1. νῦν
    2. nun
    3. now
    4. -
    5. 35680
    6. D·······
    7. now
    8. now
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128481
    1. ἐργοῦντος
    2. ergeō
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 20405
    6. VPPA·GNS
    7. working
    8. working
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 128482
    1. ἐνεργοῦντος
    2. energeō
    3. working in
    4. -
    5. 17540
    6. VPPA·GNS
    7. working_in
    8. working_in
    9. -
    10. Y64; R128479
    11. 128483
    1. ἐν
    2. en
    3. in
    4. -
    5. 17220
    6. P·······
    7. in
    8. in
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128484
    1. τοῖς
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····DMP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128485
    1. υἱοῖς
    2. huios
    3. sons
    4. -
    5. 52070
    6. N····DMP
    7. sons
    8. sons
    9. -
    10. Y64; F128490
    11. 128486
    1. τῆς
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····GFS
    7. ¬the
    8. ¬the
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128487
    1. ἀπειθείας
    2. apeitheia
    3. of disbelief
    4. -
    5. 5430
    6. N····GFS
    7. ˱of˲ disbelief
    8. ˱of˲ disbelief
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128488

OET (OET-LV) in which once you_all_walked, according_to the age of_ the this _world, according_to the ruler of_the authority of_the air, the spirit which now working_in in the sons of_ the _disbelief,

OET (OET-RV) that you once walked along when you followed the trends of this world which in turn come from the ruler of the invisible powers—he’s the spirit that works in the children of disobedience.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 2:1–10: God saved us by his grace

In this section Paul explained how the power of God, which he described in 1:19–20, changed the lives of the Ephesians. 2:1–3 describes their condition before they became believers. 2:4–10 describes the new life that God gave to them. Paul stressed that God has done many things for them because he is kind, so they should not be proud.

Here are some other examples for a heading for this section:

Made alive in Christ (NLT)

From Death to life (GNT, CEV)

God Saved Us Because of His Great Love for Us (GW)

Because God is loving and kind he saved us(incl)

Paragraph 2:1–3

In this paragraph, Paul described the condition of the Ephesians before they became Christians. They were spiritually “dead” because of their sins, Satan controlled them, and God was angry with them.

To begin this paragraph, a good model to follow is the GNT. The GNT starts this paragraph with the phrase “in the past” to show that Paul was talking about the former condition of the Ephesians. The CEV and NCV also begin this paragraph in the same way. Some other ways you can make this implied information clear are:

As for you, formerly you were dead

As for you, before you believed you were dead

2:2a

in which you used to walk when you conformed to the ways of this world

in which you used to walk when you conformed to the ways of this world: The Greek word that the BSB literally translates as walk refers to the way the Ephesians behaved in the past before they became Christians. It does not mean to be alive which is the opposite of being dead.

in which you used to walk: This phrase refers to the sinning behavior which the Ephesians used to do but no longer did at the time that Paul wrote them.

Here is another way to translate this phrase:

You used to live in sin (NLT)

when you conformed to the ways of this world: The clause conformed to the ways of this world refers to living in a way that disregards God.

Here are some other ways to translate this clause:

You(plur) lived in an evil way like the other people of this world

You behaved in evil ways like other people who do not know God

You did bad behavior like the people of this world do

For more discussion on the meaning of world, see world, Meaning 2 in the Glossary.

Here are some other ways to translate this word:

world of evil people

ungodly people of this world

people who do not know God

2:2b

and of the ruler of the power of the air,

(REB:) the commander of the spiritual powers of the air: In 2:2a Paul said that the Ephesian Christians used to follow “the ways of this world.” In 2:2b he added that they also followed the commander of the spiritual powers of the air. It may be clearer in your translation to begin a new sentence here at 2:2b, or at least to repeat the verb from 2:2a, for example:

2aAt that time you followed the ways of the unbelieving people in this world, 2band you followed the evil ruler who is the chief of the spirits in the air.

(REB:) commander: The commander that Paul referred to is the devil Satan. For example:

You followed the ways of this world and obeyed the devil. (CEV)

Satan is the commander (chief, boss), the one who rules over the evil spirits. If your key term for Satan is something like “the king of evil spirits,” you may want to use it here. The important thing is that it is clear in your translation that Paul is talking about an evil ruler. See devil in the Glossary for more information.

(REB:) spiritual powers of the air: The Greek word that the REB translates as spiritual powers means “authorities.” There are two ways to understand this word.

  1. It refers to the spiritual powers that Satan rules, that is, the evil spirits. For example:

    you obeyed the ruler of the spiritual powers in space (GNT) (REB, GNT, REB, NCV)

  2. It refers to the area where Satan has his power, that is, the kingdom of the air. For example:

    according to the ruler of the kingdom of the air (NET) (BSB, NIV, NET)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1) because it fits the context better.

General Comment on 2:2b

You could translate the phrase “the commander of the spiritual powers of the air” as:

the evil ruler who is the king of the spirits in the sky

Satan who is the chief of the spirits who are as near as the sky

See kingdom in the Glossary for more information.

2:2c

the spirit who is now at work in the sons of disobedience.

the spirit: Here the word spirit refers to Satan. Paul called Satan a spirit because Satan is a supernatural being that people cannot see.

at work: The phrase at work means that Satan tries to control and affect the thinking and behavior of people who do not believe in Christ.

Here are some other ways the phrase has been translated:

has power over (CEV)

rules over

in the sons of disobedience: The phrase in the sons of disobedience means those people who disobey God. It refers to the people who refuse to submit to God, who do not want to listen to and obey God.

Here are some other ways to translate this phrase:

the people who disobey God (GNT)

of those who refuse to obey God (NLT)

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἐν αἷς ποτε περιεπατήσατε

in which in (Some words not found in SR-GNT: ἐν αἷς ποτέ περιεπατήσατε κατά τόν αἰῶνα τοῦ κόσμου τούτου κατά τόν ἄρχοντα τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ ἀέρος τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ νῦν ἐνεργοῦντος ἐν τοῖς υἱοῖς τῆς ἀπειθείας)

Here, “walk” is a metaphor for the way a person lives. Alternate translation: [which is how you lived] or [which you did habitually]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

κατὰ τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ κόσμου τούτου

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: ἐν αἷς ποτέ περιεπατήσατε κατά τόν αἰῶνα τοῦ κόσμου τούτου κατά τόν ἄρχοντα τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ ἀέρος τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ νῦν ἐνεργοῦντος ἐν τοῖς υἱοῖς τῆς ἀπειθείας)

The apostles often used world to refer to the selfish behaviors and corrupt values of the people living in this world. Alternate translation: [according to the values of people living in the world] or [following the principles of this present world]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

τὸν ἄρχοντα τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ ἀέρος

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: ἐν αἷς ποτέ περιεπατήσατε κατά τόν αἰῶνα τοῦ κόσμου τούτου κατά τόν ἄρχοντα τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ ἀέρος τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ νῦν ἐνεργοῦντος ἐν τοῖς υἱοῖς τῆς ἀπειθείας)

Paul assumes that his readers will understand that this phrase refers to the devil or Satan. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: [Satan, the ruler of the authorities of the air]

τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ νῦν ἐνεργοῦντος

¬the ˱of˲_the the spirit ¬which now working_in

Alternate translation: [the spirit of Satan, who is currently working]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

τοῖς υἱοῖς τῆς ἀπειθείας

the sons ¬the ˱of˲_disbelief

Alternate translation: [people who routinely disobey God]

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

2:2 Human sin results from our being governed by the devil, the spirit who rules both the powers of evil in the spiritual realm (see 1:21; 6:11-12; cp. Col 1:13) and human beings who refuse to obey God (2 Cor 4:4; contrast Rom 8:2-14; Gal 5:22-23).

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Greek word
    5. Greek lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. in
    2. -
    3. 17220
    5. en
    6. P-·······
    7. in
    8. in
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128461
    1. which
    2. -
    3. 37390
    5. hos
    6. R-····DFP
    7. which
    8. which
    9. -
    10. Y64; R128452; R128456
    11. 128462
    1. once
    2. -
    3. 42180
    5. pote
    6. D-·······
    7. once
    8. once
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128463
    1. you all walked
    2. walked
    3. 40430
    5. peripateō
    6. V-IAA2··P
    7. ˱you_all˲ walked
    8. ˱you_all˲ walked
    9. -
    10. Y64; R128008
    11. 128464
    1. according to
    2. -
    3. 25960
    5. kata
    6. P-·······
    7. according_to
    8. according_to
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128465
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····AMS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128466
    1. age
    2. -
    3. 1650
    5. aiōn
    6. N-····AMS
    7. age
    8. age
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128467
    1. of
    2. world
    3. 28890
    5. kosmos
    6. N-····GMS
    7. ˱of˲ world
    8. ˱of˲ world
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128469
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····GMS
    7. ¬the
    8. ¬the
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128468
    1. this
    2. -
    3. 37780
    5. houtos
    6. E-····GMS
    7. this
    8. this
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128470
    1. world
    2. world
    3. 28890
    5. kosmos
    6. N-····GMS
    7. ˱of˲ world
    8. ˱of˲ world
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128469
    1. according to
    2. -
    3. 25960
    5. kata
    6. P-·······
    7. according_to
    8. according_to
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128471
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····AMS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128472
    1. ruler
    2. ruler
    3. 7580
    5. arχōn
    6. N-····AMS
    7. ruler
    8. ruler
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128473
    1. of the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····GFS
    7. ˱of˲ the
    8. ˱of˲ the
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128474
    1. authority
    2. -
    3. 18490
    5. exousia
    6. N-····GFS
    7. authority
    8. authority
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128475
    1. of the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····GMS
    7. ˱of˲ the
    8. ˱of˲ the
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128476
    1. air
    2. -
    3. 1090
    5. aēr
    6. N-····GMS
    7. air
    8. air
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128477
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····GNS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128478
    1. spirit
    2. spirit
    3. 41510
    5. pneuma
    6. N-····GNS
    7. spirit
    8. spirit
    9. -
    10. Y64; F128483
    11. 128479
    1. which
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. R-····GNS
    7. ¬which
    8. ¬which
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128480
    1. now
    2. -
    3. 35680
    5. nun
    6. D-·······
    7. now
    8. now
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128481
    1. working in
    2. -
    3. 17540
    5. energeō
    6. V-PPA·GNS
    7. working_in
    8. working_in
    9. -
    10. Y64; R128479
    11. 128483
    1. in
    2. -
    3. 17220
    5. en
    6. P-·······
    7. in
    8. in
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128484
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····DMP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128485
    1. sons
    2. -
    3. 52070
    5. huios
    6. N-····DMP
    7. sons
    8. sons
    9. -
    10. Y64; F128490
    11. 128486
    1. of
    2. -
    3. 5430
    5. apeitheia
    6. N-····GFS
    7. ˱of˲ disbelief
    8. ˱of˲ disbelief
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128488
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····GFS
    7. ¬the
    8. ¬the
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128487
    1. disbelief
    2. -
    3. 5430
    5. apeitheia
    6. N-····GFS
    7. ˱of˲ disbelief
    8. ˱of˲ disbelief
    9. -
    10. Y64
    11. 128488

OET (OET-LV) in which once you_all_walked, according_to the age of_ the this _world, according_to the ruler of_the authority of_the air, the spirit which now working_in in the sons of_ the _disbelief,

OET (OET-RV) that you once walked along when you followed the trends of this world which in turn come from the ruler of the invisible powers—he’s the spirit that works in the children of disobedience.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

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◄ ← EPH 2:2 ↑ → ► ║ ©