OET interlinear 1PET 2:8

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: writing-quotations

καὶ

and

Here, and introduces a quotation of an Old Testament book (Isaiah 8:14). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Peter is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “and Isaiah wrote in the scriptures”

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / quotemarks

λίθος προσκόμματος, καὶ πέτρα σκανδάλου

/a/_stone ˱of˲_stumbling and /a/_rock ˱of˲_offense

This sentence is a quotation from Isaiah 8:14. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by setting off all of this material with quotation marks or with whatever punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation.

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

λίθος προσκόμματος, καὶ πέτρα σκανδάλου

/a/_stone ˱of˲_stumbling and /a/_rock ˱of˲_offense

Peter quotes Isaiah speaking of the Messiah as if he were a stone or rock that people tripped over. Peter means that many people would be offended by Jesus’ teachings and reject him. If your readers would not understand this, you could use a simile or express the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “He is like a stone of stumbling and like a rock of offense”

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / possession

λίθος προσκόμματος, καὶ πέτρα σκανδάλου

/a/_stone ˱of˲_stumbling and /a/_rock ˱of˲_offense

Peter quotes Isaiah using the possessive form twice in this sentence to describe a stone that causes stumbling and a rock that causes offense. If this is not clear in your language, you could use express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “A stone that makes people stumble and a rock that makes people feel offended”

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / parallelism

λίθος προσκόμματος, καὶ πέτρα σκανδάλου

/a/_stone ˱of˲_stumbling and /a/_rock ˱of˲_offense

These two phrases mean almost the same thing. Isaiah says the same thing twice, in slightly different ways, to emphasize that people will be offended by this stone. If stating the same thing twice might be confusing for your readers, you could combine the phrases into one. Alternate translation: “a stone or a rock over which people will surely stumble”

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

τῷ λόγῳ

˱in˲_the word

Here, the word refers to the gospel message, which includes the command to repent and believe the gospel. If this might confuse your readers, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the message about Jesus”

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

οἳ προσκόπτουσιν

who /are/_stumbling

Here, stumble could refer to: (1) being offended by the gospel, which is the meaning in the rest of this verse. Alternate translation: “They get offended” (2) being judged for rejecting the gospel. Alternate translation: “They are judged”

Note 8 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

οἳ προσκόπτουσιν τῷ λόγῳ ἀπειθοῦντες

who /are/_stumbling ˱in˲_the word disbelieving

Here, disobeying the word indicates the reason why they stumble. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express this explicitly. Alternate translation: “They stumble because they disobey the word”

Note 9 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

τῷ λόγῳ ἀπειθοῦντες

˱in˲_the word disbelieving

Here, disobeying refers to disobeying the command to repent and believe the gospel, which is part of the gospel message. Therefore, this disobeying means refusing to believe the gospel. If this might confuse your readers, you could express the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “refusing to believe the word”

Note 10 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

εἰς ὃ καὶ ἐτέθησαν

to which also ˱they˲_/were/_appointed

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to which God also appointed them”

Note 11 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

εἰς ὃ

to which

Here, which refers back to the previous part of this sentence. Those who do not believe in Jesus were appointed to stumble and disobey the word. If this might confuse your readers, you could express the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “To this, stumbling and disobeying the word,”