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2 Pet C1 C2 C3

2 Pet 1 V1 V2 V3 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21

OET interlinear 2 PET 1:4

← 2 PET 1:4 ↓ → ► ║ ©

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

    1. Greek word
    2. Greek lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. διʼ
    2. dia
    3. through
    4. -
    5. 12230
    6. P·······
    7. through
    8. through
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150539
    1. ὧν
    2. hos
    3. which
    4. that
    5. 37390
    6. R····GNP
    7. which
    8. which
    9. -
    10. Y66; R150534; R150537
    11. 150540
    1. τά
    2. ho
    3. his
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····ANP
    7. his
    8. his
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150541
    1. τίμια
    2. timios
    3. precious
    4. precious
    5. 50930
    6. A····ANP
    7. precious
    8. precious
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150542
    1. μέγιστα
    2. megistos
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 31760
    6. A····ANP
    7. greatest
    8. greatest
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 150543
    1. ἡμῖν
    2. egō
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 14730
    6. R···1D·P
    7. ˱to˲ us
    8. ˱to˲ us
    9. -
    10. R150467; R150477; R150476
    11. 150544
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150545
    1. μέγιστα
    2. megistos
    3. greatest
    4. great
    5. 31760
    6. A····ANP
    7. greatest
    8. greatest
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150546
    1. τίμια
    2. timios
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 50930
    6. A····ANP
    7. precious
    8. precious
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 150547
    1. ἡμῖν
    2. egō
    3. to us
    4. -
    5. 14730
    6. R···1D·P
    7. ˱to˲ us
    8. ˱to˲ us
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150548
    1. ὑμῖν
    2. su
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 47710
    6. R···2D·P
    7. ˱to˲ you_all
    8. ˱to˲ you_all
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 150549
    1. ἐπαγγέλματα
    2. epaŋgelma
    3. promises
    4. promises
    5. 18620
    6. N····ANP
    7. promises
    8. promises
    9. -
    10. Y66; F150555
    11. 150550
    1. ἡμῖν
    2. egō
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 14730
    6. R···1D·P
    7. ˱to˲ us
    8. ˱to˲ us
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 150551
    1. δεδώρηται
    2. dōreomai
    3. has granted
    4. -
    5. 14330
    6. VIEM3··S
    7. ˓has˒ granted
    8. ˓has˒ granted
    9. -
    10. Y66; R150530; Person=Jesus
    11. 150552
    1. ἵνα
    2. hina
    3. in order that
    4. -
    5. 24430
    6. C·······
    7. in_order_that
    8. in_order_that
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150553
    1. διά
    2. dia
    3. through
    4. -
    5. 12230
    6. P·······
    7. through
    8. through
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150554
    1. τούτων
    2. houtos
    3. these things
    4. these
    5. 37780
    6. R····GNP
    7. these ‹things›
    8. these ‹things›
    9. -
    10. Y66; R150550
    11. 150555
    1. γένησθε
    2. ginomai
    3. you all may become
    4. become
    5. 10960
    6. VSAM2··P
    7. ˱you_all˲ ˓may˒ become
    8. ˱you_all˲ ˓may˒ become
    9. -
    10. Y66; R150477
    11. 150556
    1. θείας
    2. theios
    3. of +the divine
    4. divine
    5. 23040
    6. S····GFS
    7. ˱of˲ ˓the˒ divine
    8. ˱of˲ ˓the˒ divine
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150557
    1. κοινωνοί
    2. koinōnos
    3. partners
    4. -
    5. 28440
    6. N····NMP
    7. partners
    8. partners
    9. -
    10. Y66; F150577
    11. 150558
    1. φύσεως
    2. fusis
    3. nature
    4. nature
    5. 54490
    6. N····GFS
    7. nature
    8. nature
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150559
    1. κοινωνοί
    2. koinōnos
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 28440
    6. N····NMP
    7. partners
    8. partners
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 150560
    1. ἀποφυγόντες
    2. apofeugō
    3. having escaped from
    4. escaping
    5. 6680
    6. VPAA·NMP
    7. ˓having˒ escaped_from
    8. ˓having˒ escaped_from
    9. -
    10. Y66; R150477
    11. 150561
    1. τῆς
    2. ho
    3. from the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····GFS
    7. ˱from˲ the
    8. ˱from˲ the
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150562
    1. τήν
    2. ho
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····AFS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 150563
    1. ἐν
    2. en
    3. in
    4. -
    5. 17220
    6. P·······
    7. in
    8. in
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150564
    1. τῷ
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····DMS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150565
    1. κόσμῳ
    2. kosmos
    3. +the world
    4. world
    5. 28890
    6. N····DMS
    7. ˓the˒ world
    8. ˓the˒ world
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150566
    1. ἐν
    2. en
    3. by
    4. -
    5. 17220
    6. P·······
    7. by
    8. by
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150567
    1. ἐπιθυμίᾳ
    2. epithumia
    3. lust
    4. -
    5. 19390
    6. N····DFS
    7. lust
    8. lust
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150568
    1. ἐπιθυμίαν
    2. epithumia
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 19390
    6. N····AFS
    7. lust
    8. lust
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 150569
    1. ἐπιθυμίας
    2. epithumia
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 19390
    6. N····GFS
    7. lust
    8. lust
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 150570
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 150571
    1. φθορᾶς
    2. fthora
    3. corruption
    4. corruption
    5. 53560
    6. N····GFS
    7. corruption
    8. corruption
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150572
    1. φθοράν
    2. fthora
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 53560
    6. N····AFS
    7. corruption
    8. corruption
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 150573

OET (OET-LV) through which has_granted his precious and greatest promises to_us, in_order_that through these things you_all_may_become partners of_the_divine nature, having_escaped_from from_the corruption in the the_world by lust.

OET (OET-RV) Through these things, he has given us precious and very great promises that you will become participants of the divine nature after escaping the corruption in the world of lust.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 1:3–15: Peter taught about how people who believe in Christ should behave

Here is the basic message of this section: Christ has given Christians everything they need to live in a way that is good and that pleases him, so every Christian should try hard to become a strong and mature Christian. If they become that kind of Christian, it will be right and proper for God to allow them to enter heaven, Christ’s eternal kingdom.

Paragraph 1:3–4

In the Greek of these 2 verses, it is not clear to whom the 3rd person pronouns, “His,” “Him,” and “He,” refer. It is probable, however, that it is the same person throughout both verses. Both God and Christ are mentioned together in the previous verse, so that does not help us choose. Because of this, many translations (NIV, RSV) leave the pronouns like the Greek, so that the person reading the letter must decide for himself. You may decide to do the same thing. However it may not be possible in your language to do this and therefore you must make a decision. Studying the 2 verses together, it does seem that some of what Peter says about this person, for example, that “he called us,” is normally used only of God himself (see 1 Corinthians 1:9). Therefore, if in your language, you need to make clear to whom these pronouns refer, it would be better to choose God, rather than Christ (see GNT for one way of doing this). The BSB does this by capitalizing the first letter of these pronouns here. This is the interpretation these Notes will follow.

1:4a

Through these He has given us His precious and magnificent promises,

Through these: The literal meaning of the Greek is “by which.” This may refer to what comes immediately before (God’s glory and excellence) or to all of verse 3. Here is another way to translate this phrase:

In this way (GNT)

promises: This word may refer to:

  1. promises of things that God will do for us in the future, for example, the promise of a new heaven and earth which Peter wrote about later in the letter (see 3:13). Peter described these promises as “precious” and “magnificent.”

  2. the things that God promised to give. This would mean his blessings and gifts (GNT).

If it is necessary in your language to choose between these interpretations, it is recommended that you choose the first interpretation. Try to find words to show that these promises are extremely valuable.

1:4b

so that through them you may become partakers of the divine nature, now that you have escaped the corruption in the world caused by evil desires.

Peter said that when people receive the good things that God has promised to give, God frees them from the evil influence of the world and they become holy like God instead.

The BSB follows the order of the Greek text but it may be more logical in your language to reverse the order of the clauses and follow the order of GNT and the Meaning Lines in the Display.

you: Peter changed from “us” in 1:4a to “you” in 1:4b. But what he was saying obviously applied to himself as well as to those who would read what he had written.

become partakers of the divine nature: This is a difficult phrase to translate. Peter said that a Christian can share in God’s own nature. This means that his character can become like God’s and he will behave like God does.

escaped: Peter used this word figuratively. Although it literally means “escape,” here it means “be free from.” Peter was saying that the bad way that unbelievers behave would no longer influence the believers to whom he wrote this letter.

corruption: This means literally “the decaying of a dead body.” But the meaning here is probably moral corruption. Peter was saying that when a person desires evil things it spoils that person’s heart and character.

the world: Here, and in 2:20, this refers to people who do not believe in Christ.

uW Translation Notes:

δι’ ὧν

through which

Here, through indicates the means by which God gave his promises. Alternate translation: [by means of which]

Note 1 topic: writing-pronouns

δι’ ὧν

through which

Here, which refers back to words from the previous verse. It could refer to: (1) “his glory and excellence.” Alternate translation: [through his glory and excellence] (2) “all the things for life and godliness.” Alternate translation: [by giving us all of these things]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / exclusive

ἡμῖν

˱to˲_us

Here, us refers to Peter and his audience, fellow believers.

Note 3 topic: writing-pronouns

δεδώρηται

˓has˒_granted

The pronoun he could refer to: (1) God. Alternate translation: [God has given] (2) Jesus. Alternate translation: [Jesus has given]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

τὰ τίμια καὶ μέγιστα ἡμῖν ἐπαγγέλματα δεδώρηται,

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: διʼ ὧν τά τίμια καί μέγιστα ἡμῖν ἐπαγγέλματα δεδώρηται ἵνα διά τούτων γένησθε θείας κοινωνοί φύσεως ἀποφυγόντες τῆς ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἐν ἐπιθυμίᾳ φθορᾶς)

If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun promises with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: [he has promised to us precious and great things]

Note 5 topic: grammar-connect-logic-goal

ἵνα διὰ τούτων γένησθε θείας κοινωνοὶ φύσεως

in_order_that (Some words not found in SR-GNT: διʼ ὧν τά τίμια καί μέγιστα ἡμῖν ἐπαγγέλματα δεδώρηται ἵνα διά τούτων γένησθε θείας κοινωνοί φύσεως ἀποφυγόντες τῆς ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἐν ἐπιθυμίᾳ φθορᾶς)

This is a purpose clause. Peter is stating the purpose for which God has given to us precious and great promises. In your translation, follow the conventions of your language for purpose clauses. Alternate translation (without a comma preceding): [in order that through them you might be sharers of the divine nature]

διὰ τούτων

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: διʼ ὧν τά τίμια καί μέγιστα ἡμῖν ἐπαγγέλματα δεδώρηται ἵνα διά τούτων γένησθε θείας κοινωνοί φύσεως ἀποφυγόντες τῆς ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἐν ἐπιθυμίᾳ φθορᾶς)

The word through here indicates the means by which you might be sharers of the divine nature. Alternate translation: [by means of them]

Note 6 topic: writing-pronouns

διὰ τούτων

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: διʼ ὧν τά τίμια καί μέγιστα ἡμῖν ἐπαγγέλματα δεδώρηται ἵνα διά τούτων γένησθε θείας κοινωνοί φύσεως ἀποφυγόντες τῆς ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἐν ἐπιθυμίᾳ φθορᾶς)

Here the pronoun them refers back to the precious and great promises of the previous phrase. Alternate translation: [through these promises]

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

θείας & φύσεως

˱of˲_˓the˒_divine & nature

The abstract noun nature refers to the inherent features of something or what it is like. Alternate translation: [of what God is like]

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἀποφυγόντες τῆς & φθορᾶς

˓having˒_escaped_from ˱from˲_the & corruption

Peter speaks of people not suffering from the corruption that wicked desires cause as if they had escaped from that corruption. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this phrase plainly. Alternate translation: [no longer being corrupted]

Note 9 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ

in the ˓the˒_world

Here, the world could mean: (1) the place where we all live, where we are surrounded by sinful people and temptations to sin. Alternate translation: [that is all around us] (2) the system of values that people share who do not honor God. Alternate translation: [of the world’s ungodly value system]

ἐν ἐπιθυμίᾳ

in by lust

Here, by indicates the means by which the world became corrupt. It does not indicate the means by which Peter’s addressees escaped corruption. Alternate translation: [by means of lust]

Note 10 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

φθορᾶς

corruption

If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun corruption with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: [things that corrupt you]

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

1:4 enable you to share his divine nature: Peter probably did not mean that our souls are merged with God but that believers share God’s qualities (cp. Lev 11:44; Matt 5:43-48; Eph 4:24; 5:1).

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Greek word
    5. Greek lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. through
    2. -
    3. 12230
    5. dia
    6. P-·······
    7. through
    8. through
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150539
    1. which
    2. that
    3. 37390
    5. hos
    6. R-····GNP
    7. which
    8. which
    9. -
    10. Y66; R150534; R150537
    11. 150540
    1. has granted
    2. -
    3. 14330
    5. dōreomai
    6. V-IEM3··S
    7. ˓has˒ granted
    8. ˓has˒ granted
    9. -
    10. Y66; R150530; Person=Jesus
    11. 150552
    1. his
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····ANP
    7. his
    8. his
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150541
    1. precious
    2. precious
    3. 50930
    5. timios
    6. A-····ANP
    7. precious
    8. precious
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150542
    1. and
    2. -
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150545
    1. greatest
    2. great
    3. 31760
    5. megistos
    6. A-····ANP
    7. greatest
    8. greatest
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150546
    1. promises
    2. promises
    3. 18620
    5. epaŋgelma
    6. N-····ANP
    7. promises
    8. promises
    9. -
    10. Y66; F150555
    11. 150550
    1. to us
    2. -
    3. 14730
    5. egō
    6. R-···1D·P
    7. ˱to˲ us
    8. ˱to˲ us
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150548
    1. in order that
    2. -
    3. 24430
    5. hina
    6. C-·······
    7. in_order_that
    8. in_order_that
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150553
    1. through
    2. -
    3. 12230
    5. dia
    6. P-·······
    7. through
    8. through
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150554
    1. these things
    2. these
    3. 37780
    5. houtos
    6. R-····GNP
    7. these ‹things›
    8. these ‹things›
    9. -
    10. Y66; R150550
    11. 150555
    1. you all may become
    2. become
    3. 10960
    5. ginomai
    6. V-SAM2··P
    7. ˱you_all˲ ˓may˒ become
    8. ˱you_all˲ ˓may˒ become
    9. -
    10. Y66; R150477
    11. 150556
    1. partners
    2. -
    3. 28440
    5. koinōnos
    6. N-····NMP
    7. partners
    8. partners
    9. -
    10. Y66; F150577
    11. 150558
    1. of +the divine
    2. divine
    3. 23040
    5. theios
    6. S-····GFS
    7. ˱of˲ ˓the˒ divine
    8. ˱of˲ ˓the˒ divine
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150557
    1. nature
    2. nature
    3. 54490
    5. fusis
    6. N-····GFS
    7. nature
    8. nature
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150559
    1. having escaped from
    2. escaping
    3. 6680
    5. apofeugō
    6. V-PAA·NMP
    7. ˓having˒ escaped_from
    8. ˓having˒ escaped_from
    9. -
    10. Y66; R150477
    11. 150561
    1. from the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····GFS
    7. ˱from˲ the
    8. ˱from˲ the
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150562
    1. corruption
    2. corruption
    3. 53560
    5. fthora
    6. N-····GFS
    7. corruption
    8. corruption
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150572
    1. in
    2. -
    3. 17220
    5. en
    6. P-·······
    7. in
    8. in
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150564
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····DMS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150565
    1. +the world
    2. world
    3. 28890
    5. kosmos
    6. N-····DMS
    7. ˓the˒ world
    8. ˓the˒ world
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150566
    1. by
    2. -
    3. 17220
    5. en
    6. P-·······
    7. by
    8. by
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150567
    1. lust
    2. -
    3. 19390
    5. epithumia
    6. N-····DFS
    7. lust
    8. lust
    9. -
    10. Y66
    11. 150568

OET (OET-LV) through which has_granted his precious and greatest promises to_us, in_order_that through these things you_all_may_become partners of_the_divine nature, having_escaped_from from_the corruption in the the_world by lust.

OET (OET-RV) Through these things, he has given us precious and very great promises that you will become participants of the divine nature after escaping the corruption in the world of lust.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

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