ROM 13:11 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. Καί
2. kai
3. And
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. PS
10. Y60
11. 111269
1. τοῦτο
2. houtos
3. this
4. -
5. 37780
6. R····ANS
7. this
8. this
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111270
1. ἰδόντες
2. horaō
3. -
4. -
5. 37080
6. VPAA·NMP
7. ˓having˒ seen
8. ˓having˒ seen
9. -
10. -
11. 111271
1. εἰδότες
2. eidō
3. having known
4. -
5. 14920
6. VPEA·NMP
7. ˓having˒ known
8. ˓having˒ known
9. -
10. Y60; R110993
11. 111272
1. τόν
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····AMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111273
1. καιρόν
2. kairos
3. time
4. -
5. 25400
6. N····AMS
7. time
8. time
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111274
1. ὅτι
2. hoti
3. that
4. -
5. 37540
6. C·······
7. that
8. that
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111275
1. ὥρα
2. hōra
3. +the hour
4. -
5. 56100
6. N····NFS
7. ˓the˒ hour
8. ˓the˒ hour
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111276
1. ἡμάς
2. egō
3. -
4. -
5. 14730
6. R···1A·P
7. us
8. us
9. -
10. -
11. 111277
1. ἤδη
2. ēdē
3. already
4. -
5. 22350
6. D·······
7. already
8. already
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111278
1. ὑμᾶς
2. su
3. you all
4. -
5. 47710
6. R···2A·P
7. you_all
8. you_all
9. -
10. Y60; R110993
11. 111279
1. ἐξ
2. ek
3. out of
4. -
5. 15370
6. P·······
7. out_of
8. out_of
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111280
1. ὕπνου
2. upnos
3. sleep
4. sleep
5. 52580
6. N····GMS
7. sleep
8. sleep
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111281
1. ἐγερθῆναι
2. egeirō
3. to be raised
4. -
5. 14530
6. VNAP····
7. ˓to_be˒ raised
8. ˓to_be˒ raised
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111282
1. νῦν
2. nun
3. now
4. -
5. 35680
6. D·······
7. now
8. now
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111283
1. γάρ
2. gar
3. because/for
4. because
5. 10630
6. C·······
7. for
8. for
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111284
1. ἐγγύτερον
2. eŋguteron
3. nearer
4. nearer
5. 14520
6. D·······
7. nearer
8. nearer
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111285
1. ἡμῶν
2. egō
3. of us is
4. our
5. 14730
6. R···1G·P
7. ˱of˲ us ‹is›
8. ˱of˲ us ‹is›
9. -
10. Y60; R105120; Person=Paul; R110993; R110823
11. 111286
1. ἡ
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····NFS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111287
1. σωτηρία
2. sōtēria
3. salvation
4. salvation
5. 49910
6. N····NFS
7. salvation
8. salvation
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111288
1. ἤ
2. ē
3. than
4. -
5. 22280
6. C·······
7. than
8. than
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111289
1. ὅτε
2. hote
3. when first
4. first
5. 37530
6. C·······
7. when ‹first›
8. when ‹first›
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111290
1. ἐπιστεύσαμεν
2. pisteuō
3. we believed
4. believed
5. 41000
6. VIAA1··P
7. ˱we˲ believed
8. ˱we˲ believed
9. -
10. Y60; R105120; Person=Paul; R110993; R110823
11. 111291

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 13:11–14: Live the right way

In this section, Paul used several metaphors to encourage the Roman believers to live properly. He said they should live decent lives in the present time as they waited for their final salvation to arrive. He compared them to people sleeping at night, and said the time had arrived for them to wake up. He also said they should stop following behavior that belongs to the darkness and which only satisfies their sinful nature. Instead they should put on the qualities of the Lord Jesus Christ like putting on clothing. He described those qualities as “the armor of light.”

Here are other possible headings for this section:

Live/Walk in the light and power of God

Be active in your faith and serve God through his power

13:11a

And do this, understanding the occasion.

¶ Do^(plur) that, knowing this time in which we live.
¶ Do those things. You know what kind of time we live in.

And do this, understanding the occasion: The Greek is more literally “And this, knowing the time.” There are several ways to interpret the Greek words:

The words “and this” imply do, a command to love your neighbor (13:8–10) or possibly all the commands of 12:1–13:10, and “knowing the time” indicates why believers should love their neighbors.See Moo (pages 819–820). For example:
And do this because you know the time (NABRE) (BSB, NIV, GNT, NASB, KJV, NABRE, NLT, NET, NCV)
The words “and this” introduce a new topic: “knowing the time.” For example:
Besides this you know what hour it is (RSV) (ESV, RSV, NJB)
The words “and this” do not contribute to the meaning and can be omitted. For example:
You know what sort of times we live in (CEV) (GW, CEV, REB)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1), because that seems to fit the context best. The scholars do not discuss why one interpretation is better than the other.

And do this: Here the word this refers to what Paul said in 13:8–10. In many languages the word “that” would be more clear. For example:

do that

understanding the occasion: The Greek word that the BSB translates as occasion refers to a period of time, often a time when it is right for something to happen or be done. Paul explained part of what should happen in 13:11b, and 13:11c–12a explain parts of what the current situation is like. Here are other ways to translate this Greek word:

the kind of time it is

what kind of era/age it is

13:11b

The hour has come for you to wake up from your slumber,

Indeed, it is already the time for you to wake up from sleep.
Yes, you need to stop being lazy like someone asleep.

The hour has come: The Greek is more literally “the hour already.” It indicates that it was presently the time for believers in Rome to “wake up” from their “sleep,” that is, to be doing things that God wants them to do. Here are other ways to translate this clause:

it is already the hour (NASB)

the time is now

It is now time (NCV)

hour: The Greek word here refers to the time when something happens. Here are other ways to translate this word:

moment (NJB)

time (GNT)

for you to wake up from your slumber: This is a figure of speech that refers to stop being unaware or lazy. In some languages a literal translation will have this figurative meaning. In other languages a literal translation would refer only to actually waking from sleep. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

Translate literally and explain its meaning in a footnote. Here is an example footnote:
This is a figure of speech that refers to stop being unaware or lazy.
Add the word “like” in your translation. For example:
for you to be like someone waking up from your slumber
Explain its meaning in your translation. For example:
for you to wake from your slumber, that is, stop being lazy about serving God!
Translate without the figure of speech. For example:
for you to stop being lazy about serving God You may then want to indicate the literal words in a footnote. Here is an example footnote:
Literally: for you to wake from sleep.

13:11c

for our salvation is nearer now than when we first believed.

For the day God will finish saving us has come nearer to us now than when we first believed.
For from now to when God will fully rescue us is shorter than from the day we started to believe in Jesus to then.

for: Here this word introduces an explanation why believers are to “wake up from…slumber” (13:11b).Jewett (page 820).

our salvation is nearer now than when we first believed: Paul spoke of salvation as something that can be near or far. In some languages it is not natural to talk in that way. If that is true in your language, speak of the day of salvation approaching. For example:

the day of our salvation is nearer now than when we first believed

our salvation is nearer now: God saves us when we first believe. The final part of what he has done for us will happen at the great judgment day. While the rest of the world will be condemned, we will receive a blessing, the result of our salvation. The time for that to happen is always getting closer. For example:

the final part of God saving us is nearer to us

the time in the future when God will finish His setting us free is nearerWestern Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation on TW.

salvation: This word refers to being rescued from something harmful or dangerous. In Scripture it generally refers to rescue ahead of time from God’s anger at the final judgment. See the above examples. Also see how you translated this word in 1:16.

uW Translation Notes:

καὶ τοῦτο

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί τοῦτο εἰδότες τόν καιρόν ὅτι ὥρα ἤδη ὑμᾶς ἐξ ὕπνου ἐγερθῆναι νῦν γάρ ἐγγύτερον ἡμῶν ἡ σωτηρία ἤ ὅτε ἐπιστεύσαμεν)

Paul is leaving out a word that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply this word from the context. Alternate translation: [And do this]

Note 1 topic: writing-pronouns

τοῦτο

this

Here, this refers back to all the commands Paul stated in [12:1](../12/01.md)–[13:10](../13/10.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: [these commands that I have given you]

Note 2 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

εἰδότες τὸν καιρόν

˓having˒_known (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί τοῦτο εἰδότες τόν καιρόν ὅτι ὥρα ἤδη ὑμᾶς ἐξ ὕπνου ἐγερθῆναι νῦν γάρ ἐγγύτερον ἡμῶν ἡ σωτηρία ἤ ὅτε ἐπιστεύσαμεν)

This clause indicates one reason for Paul’s readers to obey the commands he gave in [12:1](../12/01.md)–[13:10](../13/10.md). Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: [since you know the time]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / distinguish

τὸν καιρόν, ὅτι ὥρα ἤδη

Here, that indicates that what follows in this clause is a description of the time stated in the previous clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the connection between these clauses more explicit. Alternate translation: [that it is already the time]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

ὥρα

˓the˒_hour

Here, hour refers to a point in time when something happens. It has the same meaning as time in the previous clause. It does not refer to a 60-minute length of time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [the point in time]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ὑμᾶς ἐξ ὕπνου ἐγερθῆναι

you_all out_of sleep ˓to_be˒_raised

Paul speaks of the need for the Roman believers to be spiritually vigilant as if they needed to wake up from being asleep. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [for you to be spiritually vigilant]

Note 6 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

γὰρ

For indicates that what follows this word explains what came before it. For here indicates a reason why Paul’s readers should awake from sleep. Use a natural way in your language for indicating a reason. Alternate translation: [Do this since]

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

ἡμῶν ἡ σωτηρία

˱of˲_us_‹is› ¬the salvation

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of salvation, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: [our being saved]

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ἡμῶν ἡ σωτηρία

˱of˲_us_‹is› ¬the salvation

Here Paul uses salvation to refer to the future event when Christ returns and Christians receive the full blessings of their salvation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: [the completion of our salvation]

Note 9 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἐγγύτερον

nearer

Here Paul speaks of our salvation as if it were an object that could become nearer to a person. He means that our salvation will occur soon. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [is going to happen sooner]

Note 10 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ὅτε ἐπιστεύσαμεν

when_‹first› ˱we˲_believed

This phrase indicates the time at which Paul’s Christian readers first started believing in Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: [when we first believed]

Note 11 topic: figures-of-speech / ellipsis

ἐπιστεύσαμεν

˱we˲_believed

Paul is leaving out some of the words that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: [we believed in Jesus]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

1. OET-LV words
2. OET-RV words
3. Strongs
4. Greek word
5. Greek lemma
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. And
2. -
3. 25320
4. PS
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. PS
10. Y60
11. 111269
1. this
2. -
3. 37780
5. houtos
6. R-····ANS
7. this
8. this
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111270
1. having known
2. -
3. 14920
5. eidō
6. V-PEA·NMP
7. ˓having˒ known
8. ˓having˒ known
9. -
10. Y60; R110993
11. 111272
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····AMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111273
1. time
2. -
3. 25400
5. kairos
6. N-····AMS
7. time
8. time
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111274
1. that
2. -
3. 37540
5. hoti
6. C-·······
7. that
8. that
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111275
1. +the hour
2. -
3. 56100
5. hōra
6. N-····NFS
7. ˓the˒ hour
8. ˓the˒ hour
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111276
1. already
2. -
3. 22350
5. ēdē
6. D-·······
7. already
8. already
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111278
1. you all
2. -
3. 47710
5. su
6. R-···2A·P
7. you_all
8. you_all
9. -
10. Y60; R110993
11. 111279
1. out of
2. -
3. 15370
5. ek
6. P-·······
7. out_of
8. out_of
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111280
1. sleep
2. sleep
3. 52580
5. upnos
6. N-····GMS
7. sleep
8. sleep
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111281
1. to be raised
2. -
3. 14530
5. egeirō
6. V-NAP····
7. ˓to_be˒ raised
8. ˓to_be˒ raised
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111282
1. because/for
2. because
3. 10630
5. gar
6. C-·······
7. for
8. for
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111284
1. now
2. -
3. 35680
5. nun
6. D-·······
7. now
8. now
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111283
1. nearer
2. nearer
3. 14520
5. eŋguteron
6. D-·······
7. nearer
8. nearer
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111285
1. of us is
2. our
3. 14730
5. egō
6. R-···1G·P
7. ˱of˲ us ‹is›
8. ˱of˲ us ‹is›
9. -
10. Y60; R105120; Person=Paul; R110993; R110823
11. 111286
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····NFS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111287
1. salvation
2. salvation
3. 49910
5. sōtēria
6. N-····NFS
7. salvation
8. salvation
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111288
1. than
2. -
3. 22280
5. ē
6. C-·······
7. than
8. than
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111289
1. when first
2. first
3. 37530
5. hote
6. C-·······
7. when ‹first›
8. when ‹first›
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111290
1. we believed
2. believed
3. 41000
5. pisteuō
6. V-IAA1··P
7. ˱we˲ believed
8. ˱we˲ believed
9. -
10. Y60; R105120; Person=Paul; R110993; R110823
11. 111291

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear ROM 13:11

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

Section 13:11–14: Live the right way

13:11a

13:11b

13:11c

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)