ROM 13:12 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. Ἡ
2. ho
3. The
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····NFS
7. the
8. the
9. S
10. Y60
11. 111292
1. νύξ
2. nux
3. night
4. night
5. 35710
6. N····NFS
7. night
8. night
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111293
1. προέκοψεν
2. prokoptō
3. progressed
4. progressed
5. 42980
6. VIAA3··S
7. progressed
8. progressed
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111294
1. ἡ
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····NFS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111295
1. δέ
2. de
3. and
4. -
5. 11610
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111296
1. ἡμέρα
2. hēmera
3. +the day
4. day
5. 22500
6. N····NFS
7. ˓the˒ day
8. ˓the˒ day
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111297
1. ἤγγικεν
2. eŋgizō
3. has neared
4. -
5. 14480
6. VIEA3··S
7. ˓has˒ neared
8. ˓has˒ neared
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111298
1. ἤγγισεν
2. eŋgizō
3. -
4. -
5. 14480
6. VIAA3··S
7. neared
8. neared
9. -
10. -
11. 111299
1. ἀποβαλώμεθα
2. apoballō
3. -
4. -
5. 5770
6. VSAM1··P
7. ˱we˲ ˓may˒ throw_away
8. ˱we˲ ˓may˒ cast_away
9. -
10. R105120; Person=Paul; R110993; R110823
11. 111300
1. ἀποθώμεθα
2. apotithēmi
3. we may put away
4. -
5. 6590
6. VSAM1··P
7. ˱we˲ ˓may˒ put_away
8. ˱we˲ ˓may˒ put_away
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111301
1. Οὖν
2. oun
3. Therefore
4. -
5. 37670
6. C·······
7. therefore
8. therefore
9. S
10. Y60
11. 111302
1. τά
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····ANP
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111303
1. ἔργα
2. ergon
3. works
4. -
5. 20410
6. N····ANP
7. works
8. works
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111304
1. τοῦ
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····GNS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111305
1. σκότους
2. skotos
3. of darkness
4. darkness
5. 46550
6. N····GNS
7. ˱of˲ darkness
8. ˱of˲ darkness
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111306
1. καί
2. kai
3. -
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. -
11. 111307
1. ἐνδυσώμεθα
2. enduō
3. we may dress in
4. dress
5. 17460
6. VSAM1··P
7. ˱we˲ ˓may˒ dress_in
8. ˱we˲ ˓may˒ dress_in
9. -
10. Y60; R105120; Person=Paul; R110993; R110823
11. 111308
1. οὖν
2. oun
3. -
4. -
5. 37670
6. C·······
7. therefore
8. therefore
9. -
10. -
11. 111309
1. δέ
2. de
3. and
4. -
5. 11610
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111310
1. τά
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····ANP
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111311
1. ἔργα
2. ergon
3. -
4. -
5. 20410
6. N····ANP
7. works
8. works
9. -
10. -
11. 111312
1. ὅπλα
2. hoplon
3. weapons
4. weapons
5. 36960
6. N····ANP
7. weapons
8. weapons
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111313
1. τοῦ
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····GNS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111314
1. φωτός
2. fōs
3. of light
4. light
5. 54570
6. N····GNS
7. ˱of˲ light
8. ˱of˲ light
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111315

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 13:11–14: Live the right way

In this section, Paul used several metaphors to encourage the Roman believers to live properly. He said they should live decent lives in the present time as they waited for their final salvation to arrive. He compared them to people sleeping at night, and said the time had arrived for them to wake up. He also said they should stop following behavior that belongs to the darkness and which only satisfies their sinful nature. Instead they should put on the qualities of the Lord Jesus Christ like putting on clothing. He described those qualities as “the armor of light.”

Here are other possible headings for this section:

Live/Walk in the light and power of God

Be active in your faith and serve God through his power

13:12a

The night is nearly over; the day has drawn near.

The night is almost over, and the day is about to begin.
The evil time we live in is like a night that is nearly ended. The good time we will live in is like a day that is almost here.

The night is nearly over; the day has drawn near: The semi-colon (;) indicates that there is a connection between the two parts of this saying but does not say what that connection is. Here “and” is implied. For example:

The night is almost gone, and the day is near (NASB)

The night is nearly over: The night is a metaphor for the present evil age in which we live. That it is nearly over means that it is coming to an end. Here are other ways to translate this clause:

The night is far gone (ESV)

The night has almost ended

In some languages a literal translation would refer only to actual night or would not imply a time of evil. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

Translate literally and explain its meaning in a footnote. Here is an example footnote:
This indicates that the time of evil will soon end.
Explain its meaning in your translation. For example:
The night, that is, this time of evil, is nearly over

the day has drawn near: The phrase the day is a metaphor for the blessed time that begins after Jesus returns. That it is near means that it will soon happen. Here are other ways to translate this clause:

the day is almost here (NIV)

the day has almost begun

In some languages a literal translation would refer only to actual day or would not imply a time of special goodness. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

Translate literally and explain its meaning in a footnote. Here is an example footnote:
This indicates that the time of blessedness/goodness will soon begin.
Explain its meaning in your translation. For example:
The day, that is, the time of blessedness/goodness, is nearly here

13:12b

So let us lay aside the deeds of darkness

Therefore we^(incl) must stop doing deeds of the dark
So, we must not do evil deeds of the dark.

So let us lay aside the deeds of darkness: The phrase the deeds of darkness refers to deeds that are consistent with darkness. The phrase lay aside indicates that we must stop doing them. Here are other ways to translate this clause:

let us cast off the works of darkness (ESV)

we should get rid of the things that belong to the dark (GW)

In some languages a literal translation would refer only to anything done in the dark. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

Translate literally and explain its meaning in a footnote. Here is an example footnote:
This indicates that we must stop doing evil deeds.
Explain its meaning in your translation. For example:
let us cast off the works of darkness that is, evil deeds

deeds: This word refers to deeds, not to something related to work. See the above examples.

13:12c

and put on the armor of light.

and use the spiritual things of fighting that are of the light.
Instead, we must start using the things of war of the light, that is, the things that God gives.

put on the armor of light: The words “let us” are implied from 13:12b. This clause is a figure of speech that indicates that believers must use the things of God that help us in our struggles with evil.

In some languages a literal translation would refer only to actual armor. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

Translate literally and explain its meaning in a footnote. Here is an example footnote:
This indicates that we must use the things that God gives to us to fight spiritual battles.
Explain its meaning in your translation. For example:
let us put on the armor of light that is, things that God gives us to fight our spiritual battles
let us put on the armor of light that is, things that God gives us to strengthen our lives

armor: The Greek is more literally “weapons.” For example:

the things of fighting/war

light: Paul used this word as an opposite to the word “darkness” in 13:12b. Here it implies good things, things that God gives us. See examples in the note on “put on the armor of light” above.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἡ νὺξ

the (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἡ νύξ προέκοψεν ἡ δέ ἡμέρα ἤγγικεν ἀποθώμεθα Οὖν τά ἔργα τοῦ σκότους ἐνδυσώμεθα δέ τά ὅπλα τοῦ φωτός)

The night here refers the time period when people do evil deeds. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [This time when people act sinfully]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

προέκοψεν

progressed

Here, advanced refers to the night being almost over. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [will soon be over]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ἡ δὲ ἡμέρα

Paul speaks of the time when Jesus will return to earth as the day. This event is referred to as “the day of the Lord” elsewhere in the Bible and is related to Paul’s reference to a future “salvation” in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: [and the time when Jesus returns]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἤγγικεν

˓has˒_neared

Here Paul speaks of the day as if it were an object that could come near a person. He means that the time when Jesus returns will be soon. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [is going to happen soon]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / exclusive

ἀποθώμεθα & ἐνδυσώμεθα

˱we˲_˓may˒_put_away & ˱we˲_˓may˒_dress_in

In this verse us refers to Paul and his Christian readers, so us would be inclusive. Your language may require you to mark this form.

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἀποθώμεθα οὖν τὰ ἔργα τοῦ σκότους

˱we˲_˓may˒_put_away (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἡ νύξ προέκοψεν ἡ δέ ἡμέρα ἤγγικεν ἀποθώμεθα Οὖν τά ἔργα τοῦ σκότους ἐνδυσώμεθα δέ τά ὅπλα τοῦ φωτός)

Here, put off means to completely stop doing something, and the works of the darkness refers to evil deeds. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [Let us therefore stop doing evil things]

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / possession

τὰ ἔργα τοῦ σκότους

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἡ νύξ προέκοψεν ἡ δέ ἡμέρα ἤγγικεν ἀποθώμεθα Οὖν τά ἔργα τοῦ σκότους ἐνδυσώμεθα δέ τά ὅπλα τοῦ φωτός)

Paul is using the possessive form to describe works that are characteristic of the darkness. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: [the works that are characteristic of the darkness]

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἐνδυσώμεθα

˱we˲_˓may˒_dress_in

Here, put on means to start doing something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [let us therefore start using]

Note 9 topic: figures-of-speech / possession

τὰ ὅπλα τοῦ φωτός

Paul is using the possessive form to describe weapons that are characteristic of the light. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: [the weapons that are characteristic of the light]

Note 10 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

τὰ ὅπλα τοῦ φωτός

Here, weapons refers to what Christians do to oppose evil, and the light refers to good deeds, which is in contrast to the darkness in the previous clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: [the good deeds used for opposing evil] or [the good deeds that are like weapons for fighting evil]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

1. OET-LV words
2. OET-RV words
3. Strongs
4. Greek word
5. Greek lemma
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. The
2. -
3. 35880
4. S
5. ho
6. E-····NFS
7. the
8. the
9. S
10. Y60
11. 111292
1. night
2. night
3. 35710
5. nux
6. N-····NFS
7. night
8. night
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111293
1. progressed
2. progressed
3. 42980
5. prokoptō
6. V-IAA3··S
7. progressed
8. progressed
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111294
1. and
2. -
3. 11610
5. de
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111296
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····NFS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111295
1. +the day
2. day
3. 22500
5. hēmera
6. N-····NFS
7. ˓the˒ day
8. ˓the˒ day
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111297
1. has neared
2. -
3. 14480
5. eŋgizō
6. V-IEA3··S
7. ˓has˒ neared
8. ˓has˒ neared
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111298
1. Therefore
2. -
3. 37670
4. S
5. oun
6. C-·······
7. therefore
8. therefore
9. S
10. Y60
11. 111302
1. we may put away
2. -
3. 6590
5. apotithēmi
6. V-SAM1··P
7. ˱we˲ ˓may˒ put_away
8. ˱we˲ ˓may˒ put_away
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111301
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····ANP
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111303
1. works
2. -
3. 20410
5. ergon
6. N-····ANP
7. works
8. works
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111304
1. of
2. darkness
3. 46550
5. skotos
6. N-····GNS
7. ˱of˲ darkness
8. ˱of˲ darkness
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111306
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····GNS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111305
1. darkness
2. darkness
3. 46550
5. skotos
6. N-····GNS
7. ˱of˲ darkness
8. ˱of˲ darkness
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111306
1. and
2. -
3. 11610
5. de
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111310
1. we may dress in
2. dress
3. 17460
5. enduō
6. V-SAM1··P
7. ˱we˲ ˓may˒ dress_in
8. ˱we˲ ˓may˒ dress_in
9. -
10. Y60; R105120; Person=Paul; R110993; R110823
11. 111308
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····ANP
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111311
1. weapons
2. weapons
3. 36960
5. hoplon
6. N-····ANP
7. weapons
8. weapons
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111313
1. of
2. light
3. 54570
5. fōs
6. N-····GNS
7. ˱of˲ light
8. ˱of˲ light
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111315
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····GNS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111314
1. light
2. light
3. 54570
5. fōs
6. N-····GNS
7. ˱of˲ light
8. ˱of˲ light
9. -
10. Y60
11. 111315

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear ROM 13:12

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

Section 13:11–14: Live the right way

13:12a

13:12b

13:12c

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)