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Rom C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16

Rom 13 V1 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14

OET interlinear ROM 13:2

◄ ← ROM 13:2 ↓ → ► ║ ©

SR Greek word order

    1. Greek word
    2. Greek lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. Ὥστε
    2. hōste
    3. So then
    4. -
    5. 56200
    6. C·······
    7. so_then
    8. so_then
    9. S
    10. Y60
    11. 111071
    1. ὁ
    2. ho
    3. the one
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. R····NMS
    7. the ‹one›
    8. the ‹one›
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 111072
    1. ἀντιτασσόμενος
    2. antitassō
    3. opposing
    4. opposing
    5. 4980
    6. VPPM·NMS
    7. opposing
    8. opposing
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 111073
    1. τῇ
    2. ho
    3. against the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····DFS
    7. ˱against˲ the
    8. ˱against˲ the
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 111074
    1. ἐξουσίᾳ
    2. exousia
    3. authority
    4. authority
    5. 18490
    6. N····DFS
    7. authority
    8. authority
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 111075
    1. τῇ
    2. ho
    3. against the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····DFS
    7. ˱against˲ the
    8. ˱against˲ the
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 111076
    1. τοῦ
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····GMS
    7. ¬the
    8. ¬the
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 111077
    1. Θεοῦ
    2. theos
    3. of god
    4. God
    5. 23160
    6. N····GMS
    7. ˱of˲ god
    8. ˱of˲ God
    9. GN
    10. Y60; Person=God
    11. 111078
    1. διαταγῇ
    2. diatagē
    3. ordinance
    4. -
    5. 12960
    6. N····DFS
    7. ordinance
    8. ordinance
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 111079
    1. ἀνθέστηκεν
    2. anthistēmi
    3. has resisted
    4. -
    5. 4360
    6. VIEA3··S
    7. ˓has˒ resisted
    8. ˓has˒ resisted
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 111080
    1. οἱ
    2. ho
    3. the ones
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. R····NMP
    7. the ‹ones›
    8. the ‹ones›
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 111081
    1. δέ
    2. de
    3. and
    4. and
    5. 11610
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 111082
    1. ἀνθεστηκότες
    2. anthistēmi
    3. having resisted
    4. -
    5. 4360
    6. VPEA·NMP
    7. ˓having˒ resisted
    8. ˓having˒ resisted
    9. -
    10. Y60; F111084
    11. 111083
    1. ἑαυτοῖς
    2. heautou
    3. on themselves
    4. themselves
    5. 14380
    6. R···3DMP
    7. ˱on˲ themselves
    8. ˱on˲ themselves
    9. -
    10. Y60; R111083
    11. 111084
    1. κρίμα
    2. krima
    3. judgement
    4. judgement
    5. 29170
    6. N····ANS
    7. judgement
    8. judgment
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 111085
    1. λήμψονται
    2. lambanō
    3. will be receiving
    4. -
    5. 29830
    6. VIFM3··P
    7. ˓will_be˒ receiving
    8. ˓will_be˒ receiving
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 111086

OET (OET-LV) So_then the one opposing against_the authority, against_the of_ the _god ordinance has_resisted, and the ones having_resisted, on_themselves judgement will_be_receiving.

OET (OET-RV) So anyone opposing authority has rebelled against what God has instituted, and everyone who rebels is bringing judgement on themselves

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 13:1–7: Paul taught about government officials/leaders

In this section, Paul told believers that they must submit to government officials, because God gave the officials the authority to rule. Fighting the government is fighting the thing that God put in place. Only people who do evil need to fear the government. The believer must do good. The government will approve those deeds. But if the believer does what is wrong, he or she should fear the government. It makes happen God’s anger against those who do evil. Submitting to the government helps avoid God’s anger and keeps our conscience clear.

Believers also should pay government taxes and fees. They should respect and honor the leaders.

Here are other possible headings for this section:

Our attitude toward the government

Our relationship with the government

13:2a

Consequently, whoever resists authority is opposing what God has set in place,

Consequently: Here this word introduces a consequence of God instituting all government authority (13:1b–c). One should not resist government authority, because God caused that authority to exist.

whoever resists authority is opposing what God has set in place: Here the Greek words that the BSB translates as resists and opposing are words with similar meanings. The Greek lexicons use similar definitions for these words. They both refer to opposing something or someone. The scholars who say the two words mean nearly the same thing do not say how they differ in meaning. Dunn (page 762) suggests that Paul used two different words here only for good Greek style.

Some languages may have two words that mean nearly the same thing here. For example:

whoever resists authority opposes what God has appointed (NABRE)

people who oppose the government are rejecting what God made-certainUma Back Translation on TW.

In other languages it will be more natural to use the same word both times. For example:

whoever resists the authorities resists what God has appointed (ESV)

whoever: The Greek is singular but refers to anyone. For example:

he who (NIV)

resists: Here this word refers to opposing something or someone. It implies more than a difference of opinion. It implies here that someone refuses to do what the government requires. Here are other ways to translate this word:

rebels (NIV)

fights

rejectsOtomi Back Translation on TW.

authority: The Greek is singular, but it refers to any of the governing authorities in 13:1a. For example:

those authorities

what God has set in place: The Greek is more literally “the command/order of God.” It refers to the system of government implied by “the authorities” above. God put it there. Here are other ways to translate this phrase:

what God has commanded (NCV)

God is the one who placed/put them in that their workYakan Back Translation on TW.

that which God had establishedBarok Back Translation, unpublished manuscript, Papua New Guinea.

13:2b

and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves.

those who do so: This refers to people who are doing the same thing as the person resisting the authorities in 13:2a.

will bring judgment on themselves: The Greek is more literally “will receive judgment upon-themselves.” The phrase “upon-themselves” is emphasized in the Greek by being first in the clause.

This phrase indicates that someone will judge the people who resist the government. Some scholars think that Paul was thinking of both God and government leaders judging these people. Other scholars think that Paul was thinking mostly of God here. It is probably best to think that Paul was thinking of both God and government leaders here.

In some languages one word translates both the English word “receive” and “take.” But “take” does not imply that someone gave. Your translation should indicate or imply that someone gave this judgment. For example:

will be given judgment

will experience judgment and punishment from them

judgment: Here this word refers to deciding someone has done something bad and what the punishment should be. For example:

condemnation (NJB)

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

ὥστε

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ὥστε ὁ ἀντιτασσόμενος τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ τῇ τοῦ Θεοῦ διαταγῇ ἀνθέστηκεν οἱ δέ ἀνθεστηκότες ἑαυτοῖς κρίμα λήμψονται)

So then indicates that what follows in this verse summarizes ideas that were previously expressed. So then here introduces the result of what Paul said in the previous verse. Use a natural way in your language for indicating result. Alternate translation: [Since this is true]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ, τῇ τοῦ Θεοῦ διαταγῇ & ἑαυτοῖς κρίμα λήμψονται

˱against˲_the authority ˱against˲_the ¬the ˱of˲_God ordinance & ˱on˲_themselves judgment ˓will_be˒_receiving

If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of authority, command, and judgment, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: [those who are authorized … what God has commanded … will cause themselves to be judged]

Note 3 topic: writing-pronouns

οἱ δὲ ἀνθεστηκότες

the_‹ones› (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ὥστε ὁ ἀντιτασσόμενος τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ τῇ τοῦ Θεοῦ διαταγῇ ἀνθέστηκεν οἱ δέ ἀνθεστηκότες ἑαυτοῖς κρίμα λήμψονται)

Here, it refers to that authority stated earlier in the verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: [and the ones who have opposed that authority]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

ἑαυτοῖς κρίμα λήμψονται

˱on˲_themselves judgment ˓will_be˒_receiving

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: [will cause God to bring judgment on them]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἑαυτοῖς κρίμα λήμψονται

˱on˲_themselves judgment ˓will_be˒_receiving

Here Paul speaks of judgment as if it were an object that one could bring and put on someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [will cause God to judge them]

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

13:1-2 The basic command of 13:1-7 is to submit to governing authorities. In God’s ordering of the world, we answer to those in positions of authority. Our submission to them will usually take the form of obedience. However, because God stands over all governments, our submission to governing authorities must always be in terms of our ultimate submission to God (see Acts 4:19-20). The Roman Christians might have been resisting government (see study note on Rom 13:6) based on a false understanding of the Good News, as if no longer copying “the behavior and customs of this world” (12:2) meant that they could ignore earthly institutions.
• placed there by God: Scripture consistently teaches that God is actively involved in raising up and casting down human governments and leaders (1 Sam 2:6-10; 12:8; Prov 8:15-16; Isa 41:2-4; 45:1-7; Jer 21:7, 10; 27:5-6; Dan 2:21, 37-38; 4:17). God instituted governing authorities, so rebelling against them is rebelling against God, who will respond with judgment (Rom 13:2).

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Greek word
    5. Greek lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. So then
    2. -
    3. 56200
    4. S
    5. hōste
    6. C-·······
    7. so_then
    8. so_then
    9. S
    10. Y60
    11. 111071
    1. the one
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. R-····NMS
    7. the ‹one›
    8. the ‹one›
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 111072
    1. opposing
    2. opposing
    3. 4980
    5. antitassō
    6. V-PPM·NMS
    7. opposing
    8. opposing
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 111073
    1. against the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····DFS
    7. ˱against˲ the
    8. ˱against˲ the
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 111074
    1. authority
    2. authority
    3. 18490
    5. exousia
    6. N-····DFS
    7. authority
    8. authority
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 111075
    1. against the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····DFS
    7. ˱against˲ the
    8. ˱against˲ the
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 111076
    1. of
    2. God
    3. 23160
    4. GN
    5. theos
    6. N-····GMS
    7. ˱of˲ god
    8. ˱of˲ God
    9. GN
    10. Y60; Person=God
    11. 111078
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····GMS
    7. ¬the
    8. ¬the
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 111077
    1. god
    2. God
    3. 23160
    4. GN
    5. theos
    6. N-····GMS
    7. ˱of˲ god
    8. ˱of˲ God
    9. GN
    10. Y60; Person=God
    11. 111078
    1. ordinance
    2. -
    3. 12960
    5. diatagē
    6. N-····DFS
    7. ordinance
    8. ordinance
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 111079
    1. has resisted
    2. -
    3. 4360
    5. anthistēmi
    6. V-IEA3··S
    7. ˓has˒ resisted
    8. ˓has˒ resisted
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 111080
    1. and
    2. and
    3. 11610
    5. de
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 111082
    1. the ones
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. R-····NMP
    7. the ‹ones›
    8. the ‹ones›
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 111081
    1. having resisted
    2. -
    3. 4360
    5. anthistēmi
    6. V-PEA·NMP
    7. ˓having˒ resisted
    8. ˓having˒ resisted
    9. -
    10. Y60; F111084
    11. 111083
    1. on themselves
    2. themselves
    3. 14380
    5. heautou
    6. R-···3DMP
    7. ˱on˲ themselves
    8. ˱on˲ themselves
    9. -
    10. Y60; R111083
    11. 111084
    1. judgement
    2. judgement
    3. 29170
    5. krima
    6. N-····ANS
    7. judgement
    8. judgment
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 111085
    1. will be receiving
    2. -
    3. 29830
    5. lambanō
    6. V-IFM3··P
    7. ˓will_be˒ receiving
    8. ˓will_be˒ receiving
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 111086

OET (OET-LV) So_then the one opposing against_the authority, against_the of_ the _god ordinance has_resisted, and the ones having_resisted, on_themselves judgement will_be_receiving.

OET (OET-RV) So anyone opposing authority has rebelled against what God has instituted, and everyone who rebels is bringing judgement on themselves

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

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◄ ← ROM 13:2 ↑ → ► ║ ©