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Key: khaki:verbs.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).
BrLXXΚαὶ ἔσπευσεν Ἁβραὰμ ἐπὶ τὴν σκηνὴν πρὸς Σάῤῥαν, καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ, σπεῦσον, καὶ φύρασον τρία μέτρα σεμιδάλεως, καὶ ποίησον ἐγκρυφίας. (Kai espeusen Habraʼam epi taʸn skaʸnaʸn pros Saɽɽan, kai eipen autaʸ, speuson, kai furason tria metra semidaleōs, kai poiaʸson egkrufias. )
BrTrAnd Abraam hasted to the tent to Sarrha, and said to her, Hasten, and knead three measures of fine flour, and make cakes.
ULTThen Abraham hurried into the tent to Sarah and said, “Hurry! Prepare three seahs of fine flour. Knead it and make loaves.”
USTSo Abraham quickly went to Sarah inside their tent and told her, “Quickly get three batches of our best flour and bake some bread.”
BSB § So Abraham hurried into the tent and said to Sarah, “Quick! Prepare three seahs of fine flour,[fn] knead it, and bake some bread.”
18:63 seahs is approximately 19.8 dry quarts or 21.9 liters (probably about 24.5 pounds or 11.1 kilograms of flour).
OEBSo Abraham hastened to Sarah’s tent and said, ‘Make ready quickly four measures of fine meal, knead it, and make cakes.’
WEBBEAbraham hurried into the tent to Sarah, and said, “Quickly prepare three seahs[fn] of fine meal, knead it, and make cakes.”
18:61 seah is about 7 litres or 1.9 gallons or 0.8 pecks
NETSo Abraham hurried into the tent and said to Sarah, “Quick! Take three measures of fine flour, knead it, and make bread.”
LSVAnd Abraham hurries toward the tent, to Sarah, and says, “Hurry three measures of flour-meal, knead, and make cakes”;
FBVAbraham hurried back to the tent and told Sarah, “Quick! Make some bread using three large measures[fn] of the best flour. Knead the dough and bake the bread.”
18:6“Large measures”: literally “seahs,” variously estimated as 20 quarts or 44 pounds.
T4TSo Abraham quickly went into the tent and said to Sarah, “Quick, get some of our best flour and make some loaves of bread!”
LEBThen[fn] Abraham hastened into the tent to Sarah, and he said, “Quickly—make three seahs of fine flour for kneading and make bread cakes!”
JPSAnd Abraham hastened into the tent unto Sarah, and said: 'Make ready quickly three measures of fine meal, knead it, and make cakes.'
ASVAnd Abraham hastened into the tent unto Sarah, and said, Make ready quickly three measures of fine meal, knead it, and make cakes.
DRAAbraham made haste into the tent to Sara, and said to her: Make haste, temper together three measures of flour, and make cakes upon the hearth.
YLTAnd Abraham hasteth towards the tent, unto Sarah, and saith, 'Hasten three measures of flour-meal, knead, and make cakes;'
DrbyAnd Abraham hastened into the tent to Sarah, and said, Knead quickly three seahs of wheaten flour, and make cakes.
RVAnd Abraham hastened into the tent unto Sarah, and said, Make ready quickly three measures of fine meal, knead it, and make cakes.
WbstrAnd Abraham hastened into the tent to Sarah, and said, Make ready quickly three measures of fine meal, knead it, and make cakes upon the hearth.
KJB-1769And Abraham hastened into the tent unto Sarah, and said, Make ready quickly three measures of fine meal, knead it, and make cakes upon the hearth.[fn]
KJB-1611[fn]And Abraham hastened into the tent, vnto Sarah, & said; Make ready quickly three measures of fine meale, knead it, and make cakes vpon the hearth. (Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above, apart from punctuation and footnotes)
BshpsAnd Abraham went apace into the tent vnto Sara, & sayde: Make redy at once three peckes of fine meale, kneade it and make cakes vpon the hearth. (And Abraham went apace into the tent unto Sara, and said: Make redy at once three peckes of fine meal, kneade it and make cakes upon the hearth.)
GnvaThen Abraham made haste into the tent vnto Sarah, and saide, Make ready at once three measures of fine meale: kneade it, and make cakes vpon the hearth. (Then Abraham made haste into the tent unto Sarah, and said, Make ready at once three measures of fine meal: kneade it, and make cakes upon the hearth. )
CvdlAbraham wente a pace in to the tent to Sara, and sayde: Make haist, & mengle thre peckes of fyne meele, knede it, and bake cakes. (Abraham went a pace in to the tent to Sara, and said: Make haist, and mengle three peckes of fine meele, knede it, and bake cakes.)
WyclAbraham hastide in to the tabernacle, to Sare, and seide to hir, Hast thou, meddle thou thre half buschelis of clene flour; and make thou looues bakun vndur aischis. (Abraham hasted in to the tabernacle, to Sare, and said to her, Hast thou/you, meddle thou/you three half buschelis of clene flour; and make thou/you loaves bakun under aischis.)
LuthAbraham eilete in die Hütte zu Sara und sprach: Eile und menge drei Maß Semmelmehl, knete und backe Kuchen. (Abraham rushed in the hut/cabin to Sara and spoke: Eile and menge three Maß Semmelmehl, knete and backe Kuchen.)
ClVgFestinavit Abraham in tabernaculum ad Saram, dixitque ei: Accelera, tria sata similæ commisce, et fac subcinericios panes.[fn] (Festinavit Abraham in tabernaculum to Saram, dixitque ei: Accelera, tria sata similæ commisce, and fac subcinericios panes. )
18.6Tria sata. Hæc in typum Ecclesiæ dicuntur, quæ de tribus mundi partibus in unitatem fidei congregata est, et quasi panis sine fermento igne Spiritus sancti decocta est. STRAB. Satum genus est mensuræ. Tria sata tres filios Nœ significant, ex quibus omne genus hominum disseminatum est. Significatur ergo Ecclesia, vel evangelica doctrina per totum mundum disseminanda, et in tribus mundi partibus, Asia, Africa et Europa, multiplicanda. Tria sata, de quibus Sara subcinericios panes facit, tres filios significant Nœ, ex quibus omne genus hominum natum est: qui divinæ Trinitati credentes aqua baptismatis per Saram, id est Ecclesiam, conspersi sunt, et in unum panem corporis Christi redacti. Hæc sunt tria sata farinæ, quæ mulier in Evangelio fermentavit: azymi sunt panes, quia sine fermento malitiæ, et angore [Al., rancore] nequitiæ, et fervore perversæ doctrinæ, oportet esse credentium unitatem. Subcinericios. Subcinericii sunt, ut per pœnitentiam delictorum Spiritus sancti vapore decocti, esca Deo acceptabilis efficiantur.
18.6Tria sata. This in typum Ecclesiæ dicuntur, which about tribus mundi partibus in unitatem of_faith congregata it_is, and as_if bread without fermento igne Spiritus sancti decocta it_is. STRAB. Satum genus it_is mensuræ. Tria sata tres filios Nœ significant, from to_whom omne genus of_men disseminatum it_is. Significatur therefore Ecclesia, or evangelica doctrina through totum the_world disseminanda, and in tribus mundi partibus, Asia, Africa and Europa, multiplicanda. Tria sata, about to_whom Sara subcinericios panes facit, tres filios significant Nœ, from to_whom omne genus of_men natum it_is: who divinæ Trinitati credentes water baptismatis through Saram, id it_is Ecclesiam, conspersi are, and in one panem corporis of_Christ redacti. This are tria sata farinæ, which mulier in Evangelio fermentavit: azymi are panes, because without fermento malitiæ, and angore [Al., rancore] nequitiæ, and fervore perversæ doctrinæ, oportet esse credentium unitatem. Subcinericios. Subcinericii are, as through pœnitentiam delictorum Spiritus sancti vapore decocti, esca Deo acceptabilis efficiantur.
18:1-15 The Lord’s visit to Abraham set the time for Isaac’s birth. The three visitors were probably the Lord and two angels (see study note on 16:7). Abraham’s peaceful and generous reception of the visitors contrasts sharply with the chaos and corruption of Sodom (ch 19). Eating together was important in making or confirming covenants; when God was ready to fulfill the covenant promise, he came in person to share a meal with Abraham. Fellowship with God has always been signified by a communal meal (see Exod 24:9-11; Matt 26:17-30//Luke 22:7-38; Acts 2:42; 1 Cor 11:20-34).
It is not certain how much three seahs was, but it is thought that it was more than 20 quarts/liters. It was enough flour to make bread for many people, just as the calf (verse 7) provided enough meat for many people and showed generous hospitality. Besides Abraham’s guests, others in his household may have also joined in eating the feast. Alternate translation: “three large scoops”
קֶ֣מַח סֹ֔לֶת
flour fine
Alternate translation: “of good quality flour.” or “of the best flour.”
ל֖וּשִׁי וַעֲשִׂ֥י עֻגֽוֹת
knead and,make bread
The Hebrew word for loaves here is often translated “cakes”, which probably refers to their flat, round shape (similar to biscuits). However, make sure your translation of this word does not sound like a dessert, because this bread was not sweet. Also, consider whether or not it is better in your language to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Knead the dough and make it into loaves” or “and bake some loaves of flat bread.” or “and make some bread.”
Author’s note: This article assumes that Sodom, Gomorrah, and Bela (Zoar) were located at Bab edh-Dhra, Numeira, and Khirbat ash-Sheikh `Isa, respectively. The exact locations of the cities of the plain are widely debated, with the primary dispute centering around whether the cities are to be found in the northern area of the Dead Sea (since Lot headed east from Bethel [Genesis 13]) or the southern area (as the Medeba Map shows). It is beyond the scope of this article to present all the evidence to support a southern location, but many of them are well summarized here: “The Discovery of the Sin Cities of Sodom and Gomorrah.” In addition, Eusebius in his Onomasticon describes the Dead Sea as lying between Jericho and Zoar. This author has also recently found that Eusebius notes that Nebereim (Nimrim; see Isaiah 15:6 and Jeremiah 48:34) is located at a village called Bennamareim (likely the site of Gomorrah on this map), which he also says is north of Zoar. Thus, if Eusebius is correct, Zoar is clearly located in the southern area of the Dead Sea, which fits very well with the location shown on this map. Also, Lot’s relocation to Sodom after moving east to the plain of the Jordan suggests that Sodom was located on the east side of the Dead Sea.
The famous cities of Sodom and Gomorrah are first mentioned in Genesis 10:19 in a description of the territory of the Canaanites. The cities are mentioned again in chapter 13, which notes that while Abraham (then called Abram) was living near Bethel (also called Luz), tension began to grow between Abraham’s herders and the herders working for Abraham’s nephew Lot. To resolve the problem, Abraham suggested that he and Lot permanently part ways, and he offered Lot first choice of where to live. Lot chose to move east to the plain of the Jordan, because the land was well watered, and he eventually settled in the city of Sodom. Genesis 14 then describes how Lot was captured by four Mesopotamian kings as they attacked the cities of the plain, but Abraham rescued Lot. Sometime after this Abraham moved to the oaks of Mamre, near Hebron, and three visitors (one of whom is later called “the Lord,” and the other two “angels”) approached his tent. Abraham invited them to share a meal with him and then later accompanied them for the first part of their journey. Along the way the visitors revealed to Abraham that they were going to Sodom to destroy it for its wickedness. Abraham appealed to the Lord to spare the city if even a few righteous lived there, and the Lord agreed and went his way. The two angels arrived at Sodom in the evening (Genesis 19:1), presumably the same day they left, although perhaps they actually took more than one day to travel to Sodom, because the distance from Mamre to Sodom is over 35 miles (56 km), and Scripture does not specifically note that it was the same day. The events that followed that evening are well known, and in the morning the angels compelled Lot and his family to flee the city before it was destroyed. The angels instructed them to flee to the hills, but Lot convinced them to allow him to take refuge in a small village on the plain and not destroy it. Genesis 19:23 seems to suggest that it took Lot’s family a full day and night to reach Zoar, which fits well with the 16 mile (25 km) distance from Sodom to Zoar. As they were reaching Zoar, the Lord rained down fire and burning sulfur on Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboiim, completely destroying them. As Lot’s family was still fleeing, Lot’s wife looked back and turned into a pillar of salt. That same morning Abraham got up and went to where he had last spoken with the visitors, and when he looked out across the plain he saw columns of smoke rising from the destroyed cities. Later Lot and his daughters moved into the hills and lived in a cave, because they were afraid to remain in Zoar. Fearing they would never marry, Lot’s daughters both got their father drunk and conceived children by him, though he was unaware of it. These children became ancestors of the Moabites and the Ammonites.
