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Text critical issues=none Clarity of original=clear Importance to us=normal (All still tentative.)

Key: khaki:verbs, red:negative.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).

BrLXX Ἀφʼ οὗ οἱ βουνοὶ, ἥμαρτεν Ἰσραήλ, ἐκεῖ ἔστησαν· οὐ μὴ καταλάβῃ αὐτοὺς ἐν τῷ βουνῷ πόλεμος ἐπὶ τὰ τὲκνα ἀδικίας
(Afʼ hou hoi bounoi, haʸmarten Israaʸl, ekei estaʸsan; ou maʸ katalabaʸ autous en tōi bounōi polemos epi ta tekna adikias )

BrTr From the time the hills existed Israel has sinned: there they stood: war waged against the children of iniquity

ULT “O Israel,
⇔ you have sinned since the days of Gibeah;
⇔ there they have remained.
⇔ Will not the war against the sons of injustice overtake them in Gibeah?

UST People of Israel, since the days of Gibeah you have been sinning;
⇔ it is as if you have been living there ever since then, because you think as they did.
⇔ Enemies will attack you evildoers at Gibeah.

10:9 Or Did not the battle overtake the sons of iniquity in Gibeah?

OEB From the time of Gibeah, Israel has sinned.
⇔ There they took their stand.
⇔ Will not war overtake them in Gibeah
⇔ because of the wicked?

WEBBE ⇔ “Israel, you have sinned from the days of Gibeah.
⇔ There they remained.
⇔ The battle against the children of iniquity doesn’t overtake them in Gibeah.

WMBB (Same as above)

NET O Israel, you have sinned since the time of Gibeah,
⇔ and there you have remained.
⇔ Did not war overtake the evildoers in Gibeah?

LSV From the days of Gibeah you have sinned, O Israel,
There they have stood,
Battle does not overtake them in Gibeah,
Because of sons of perverseness.

FBV Since the days of Gibeah you have been sinning, Israel, and you haven't changed. Do the people of Gibeah think that war will not come to them?

T4T ⇔ You people of Israel, ever since your ancestors did evil things at Gibeah,
⇔ you have continued to sin.
⇔ When the people at [PRS] Gibeah did evil things,
⇔ the result was a war in which thousands of people died.

LEB • From the days of Gibeah you have sinned, O Israel; there they have remained .[fn]
• Will not war in Gibeah overtake them
• against the children of evil?

10:? Literally “they stood”

BBE O Israel, you have done evil from the days of Gibeah; there they took up their position, so that the fighting against the children of evil might not overtake them in Gibeah.

Moff ⇔ Ever since Gibeah, Israel has sinned–
⇔ when the dastards opposed me.
⇔ And shall not war catch them at Gibeah?

JPS From the days of Gibeah thou hast sinned, O Israel; there they stood; no battle was to overtake them in Gibeah, nor the children of arrogancy.

ASV O Israel, thou hast sinned from the days of Gibeah: there they stood; the battle against the children of iniquity doth not overtake them in Gibeah.

DRA From the days of Gabaa, Israel hath sinned, there they stood: the battle in Gabaa against the children of iniquity shall not overtake them.

YLT From the days of Gibeah thou hast sinned, O Israel, There they have stood, Not overtake them in Gibeah doth battle, Because of sons of perverseness.

Drby From the days of Gibeah hast thou sinned, O Israel: there they stood: the battle in Gibeah against the children of iniquity did not overtake them.

RV O Israel, thou hast sinned from the days of Gibeah: there they stood; that the battle against the children of iniquity should not overtake them in Gibeah.
(Oh Israel, thou/you hast sinned from the days of Gibeah: there they stood; that the battle against the children of iniquity should not overtake them in Gibeah. )

SLT From the days of the hill thou didst sin, O Israel: there they stood: the battle in the hill against the sons of iniquity shall not overtake them.

Wbstr O Israel, thou hast sinned from the days of Gibeah: there they stood: the battle in Gibeah against the children of iniquity did not overtake them.

KJB-1769 O Israel, thou hast sinned from the days of Gibeah: there they stood: the battle in Gibeah against the children of iniquity did not overtake them.
(Oh Israel, thou/you hast sinned from the days of Gibeah: there they stood: the battle in Gibeah against the children of iniquity did not overtake them. )

KJB-1611 O Israel, thou hast sinned from the dayes of Gibeah: there they stood: the battell in Gibeah against the children of iniquitie did not ouertake them.
(Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above)

Bshps O Israel, thou hast sinned from the dayes of Gabaa: there they stoode, the battayle in Gabaa agaynst the children of iniquitie did not touche them.
(Oh Israel, thou/you hast sinned from the days of Gabaa: there they stood, the battle in Gabaa against the children of iniquity did not touch them.)

Gnva O Israel, thou hast sinned from the daies of Gibeah: there they stoode: the battell in Gibeah against the children of iniquitie did not touch them.
(Oh Israel, thou/you hast sinned from the days of Gibeah: there they stood: the battle in Gibeah against the children of iniquity did not touch them. )

Cvdl O Israel, thou hast synned as Gabaa dyd afore tyme, where they remayned: shulde not the batel then come vpon the wicked children, as wel as vpon the Gabaonites?
(Oh Israel, thou/you hast sinned as Gabaa did afore time, where they remained: should not the battle then come upon the wicked children, as well as upon the Gabaonites?)

Wycl Fro the daies of Gabaa Israel synnede; there thei stoden. Batel schal not take hem in Gabaa,
(From the days of Gabaa Israel sinned; there they stood. Batel shall not take hem in Gabaa,)

Luth Israel, du hast seit der Zeit Gibeas gesündiget, dabei sind sie auch geblieben; aber es soll sie nicht des Streits zu Gibea gleichen ergreifen, so wider die bösen Leute geschah,
(Israel, you(sg) have since the/of_the time/period Gibeas sinned, included are they/she/them also stayed; but it should they/she/them not the battles to/for Gibea same/equal seize, so against the evil people/folk happened,)

ClVg Ex diebus Gabaa peccavit Israël; ibi steterunt. Non comprehendet eos in Gabaa prælium super filios iniquitatis.
(From days Gabaa he_sinned Israel; there they_stood. Not/No will_include them in/into/on Gabaa battle over children iniquity. )

SOTN SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 10:9–15: The LORD will punish Israel

In this section, the LORD (10:9–11) and Hosea (10:12–15) warn the people of Israel that the LORD will punish them because of their past and current sin. This section includes figures of speech from agriculture that the Israelites in Hosea’s time would clearly understand. Some examples are comparisons of the people to farm animals (10:11) and to farmers (10:12–13).

Here are some other examples of section headings:

The Lord Pronounces Judgment on Israel (GNT)

The Lord Promises to Punish Israel (CEV)

Paragraph 10:9–10

In this paragraph, the LORD is the speaker. He traces the sin of the people of Israel back to their ancestors in the city of Gibeah. Verse 10:10 is a warning that punishment will come as a result of their past and present sin.

10:9a–b

Since the days of Gibeah you have sinned, O Israel, and there you have remained: This verse describes how long the people of Israel have continued to sin.

10:9a

Since the days of Gibeah you have sinned, O Israel,

¶ “You Israelites continue to sin just as your ancestors did at Gibeah.
¶ Yahweh said, “The people of Israel have been sinful and defiant ever since the incident at Gibeah.

Since the days of Gibeah: the days of Gibeah refers back to a tragic incident in Israel’s past. Gibeah is a city in the territory of the tribe of Benjamin. Some residents there committed extreme sexual perversion and murder. The people of Gibeah were defiant against the LORD and against the rest of Israel. See Judges 19–20 and Hosea 9:9. The phrase Since the days of Gibeah refers to the time period from that sinful act to the time of Hosea.

Here are other ways to translate this phrase:

Israel, you have sinned since the time of Gibeah (NCV)

Israel, you have sinned ever since the incident at Gibeah (GW)

you have sinned, O Israel: In this context, these words imply that the people of Israel sinned in a way that was similar to the sins of the people of Gibeah.Hubbard (page 176).

O Israel: Here, the LORD, speaking through Hosea, addresses the people of Israel directly.

Here are other ways to translate this expression:

Israel (CEV)

You Israelites

Use a vocative that is natural in your language when a person speaks to a group of people.

The GNT translates this accusation as indirect speech:

The LORD says, “The people of Israel have not stopped sinning against me since the time of their sin at Gibeah. (GNT)

However, indirect speech is not recommended here. Direct address is preferable, since in this situation the LORD is confronting the people, not just speaking about them.

10:9b

and there you have remained.

You keep following the same sinful behavior.
They have not changed at all.

and there you have remained: This statement indicates that Israel continued to follow same kind of sinful behavior as the terrible sin committed at Gibeah.Hubbard (page 177), Macintosh (page 411), and Keil (page 86). Another standard meaning of the Hebrew word is “stood” or “took a stand.” If that is the intended meaning here, it may refer to the eleven tribes of Israel that took a stand in battle against the people of Gibeah and the tribe of Benjamin.

Here are some other ways to translate this statement:

You never change (GW)

You have made no progress whatsoever (NLT)

10:9c

Did not the battle in Gibeah overtake the sons of iniquity?

Will not war overwhelm those who do evil in Gibeah?
War will overtake the wicked people in Gibeah. (GW)

Did not the battle in Gibeah overtake the sons of iniquity?: This clause is more literally “not will war overtake them in the gibeah on the sons of injustice.” There are three main interpretations of this clause:

A future war will overtake evildoers in Gibeah.Stuart (page 168), Macintosh (page 411), and Hubbard (page 177). For example:
Shall not war overtake them in Gibeah? (NRSV) (CEV, ESV, GW, NASB, NCV, NJB, NJPS, NRSV, REB)
A past war overtook evildoers in Gibeah.Andersen and Freedman (page 564). For example:
Did not war overtake the evildoers in Gibeah? (NET) (BSB, NET, NIV, NLT)
A war did not overtake evildoers in Gibeah.McComiskey (page 171) and Keil (page 86). For example:
the battle in Gibeah against the children of iniquity did not overtake them. (KJV) (KJV)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1) along with most versions and a slight majority of commentaries. It is the most accepted way to understand the difficult Hebrew text.In all three interpretations, Gibeah/hills symbolize moral depravity in Israel. All three interpretations imply that a future war will be fought against the moral depravity in Israel. It will be analogous to the past war fought in Gibeah. Interpretation (1) states this most directly. Interpretation (2) implies it by way of comparison with the past war in Gibeah. Just as the sins in Gibeah resulted in war in the past, so too the sins of Israel will result in a future war. Interpretation (3) implies it in a different way. The past war against Gibeah did not eradicate moral depravity. The people of Israel continued to sin in similar ways. In Hosea’s time a war against the moral depravity of Israel had not yet been fought. But it will come.

Here are some ways to translate this clause:

As a rhetorical question. The expected answer is “yes.” For example:
Will not war overtake them in Gibeah? (REB)
As a statement. For example:
War will overtake the wicked people in Gibeah. (GW)
But war will surely overwhelm them in Gibeah, because of the evil they have done there. (NCV)The NCV shows an alternative understanding of two Hebrew words. The Hebrew word for “not” is understood here to be a particle meaning, “surely” or “indeed.” Thus instead of saying, “will not war overwhelm them” it is, “war will surely overwhelm them.” For more detail see Andersen and Freedman (page 564) and Hubbard (page 177). Secondly, the Hebrew word for “against” is understood here to indicate, “because of.” Thus, instead of saying a war is “against evildoers” it is a war “because of the evil they have done there.” See Hubbard (page 177).

overtake: The Hebrew word here means to “catch up to” or to “take hold upon” something or someone.TWOT (#1422). Here are other ways to translate this word:

overwhelm them (NCV)

catch up with them (GNT)

will soon experience

the sons of iniquity: The Hebrew phrase is literally, “sons of injustice.” The Hebrew word for “injustice” means to act contrary to what is right.TWOT (#1580b). The Hebrew word in the Masoretic text has two letters transposed. That word is unknown. But other Hebrew manuscripts have this word, so most scholars assume that this is the correct word here. See Macintosh (page 412). Here the expression refers to people that are as evil as those at Gibeah.

in Gibeah: The word “gibeah” literally means “hills.” Here the word Gibeah is probably a word play. It refers both to the city of Gibeah and also to the hills that Hosea calls “high places” in 10:8a, where the Israelites worshiped idols.If so, this would be similar to the word play on Jezreel in 1:11d and 2:22–23. This understanding is supported by Stuart (page 168) who suggests that Gibeah may be a double-entendre, which could be translated as “in the hills.” Also Hubbard (page 176) suggests that the accusation, “you have sinned,” together with the name Gibeah itself which means ‘hill,’ serves to connect v 9 to v 8, where Bethel is called the sin of Israel and the hills are summoned to fall on the Israelites.

It is recommended that you add a footnote to explain the meaning. For example:

Gibeah means “hills.” See Hosea 10:8.

UTN uW Translation Notes:

General Information:

Yahweh is speaking.

(Occurrence 0) days of Gibeah

(Some words not found in UHB: since,the_days_of of_(the),Gibeah sinned Yisrael there remained not will,it_overtake_them? in,Gibeah war on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in sons_of unjust )

This is probably a reference to the shocking actions of the tribe of Benjamin recounted in Judges 19–21. See how you translated this in [Hosea 9:9](../09/09.md).

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

(Occurrence 0) there you have remained

(Some words not found in UHB: since,the_days_of of_(the),Gibeah sinned Yisrael there remained not will,it_overtake_them? in,Gibeah war on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in sons_of unjust )

This passage probably means that the people of the present time continue to act in the same ways that their ancestors did at Gibeah. Alternate translation: “and you think just as they did”

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / rquestion

(Occurrence 0) Will not war overtake the sons of wrong in Gibeah?

(Some words not found in UHB: since,the_days_of of_(the),Gibeah sinned Yisrael there remained not will,it_overtake_them? in,Gibeah war on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in sons_of unjust )

Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that those in Gibeah who do wrong will certainly have to endure war. Alternate translation: “War will certainly come on those who do wrong in Gibeah”

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

(Occurrence 0) the sons of wrong

(Some words not found in UHB: since,the_days_of of_(the),Gibeah sinned Yisrael there remained not will,it_overtake_them? in,Gibeah war on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in sons_of unjust )

Here “son of” is an idiom that means “having the characteristic of.” Alternate translation: “those who do wrong” or “the evildoers”

Parallel HOS 10:9

Section 10:9–15: The LORD will punish Israel

Paragraph 10:9–10

10:9a–b

10:9a

10:9b

10:9c

General Information: