HOS 10:13 Parallel Verse View

Note: This view shows ‘verses’ which are not natural language units and hence sometimes only part of a sentence will be visible—click on any Bible version abbreviation down the left-hand side to see the verse in more of its context. Normally the OET discourages the reading of individual ‘verses’, but this view is only designed as a tool for doing comparisons of different translations—the older translations are further down the page (so you can read up from the bottom to trace the English translation history). The OET segments on this page are still very early looks into the unfinished texts of the Open English Translation of the Bible—please double-check these texts in advance before using in public.

Text critical issues=small word differences Clarity of original=clear Importance to us=normal (All still tentative.)

Key: khaki:verbs.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).

BrLXX Ἱνατί παρεσιωπήσατε ἀσέβειαν, καὶ τὰς ἀδικίας αὐτῆς ἐτρυγήσατε; ἐφάγετε καρπὸν ψευδῆ, ὅτι ἤλπισας ἐν τοῖς ἁμαρτήμασί σου, ἐν πλήθει δυνάμεώς σου.
(Hinati paresiōpaʸsate asebeian, kai tas adikias autaʸs etrugaʸsate; efagete karpon pseudaʸ, hoti aʸlpisas en tois hamartaʸmasi sou, en plaʸthei dunameōs sou. )

BrTr Wherefore have ye passed over ungodliness in silence, and reaped the sins of it? ye have eaten false fruit; for thou hast trusted in thy sins, in the abundance of thy power.

ULT You have plowed wickedness;
⇔ you reaped injustice.
⇔ You have eaten the fruit of lies
⇔ because you trusted in your way,
⇔ in your many warriors.

UST You have sinned wickedly, and now you will have to bear the consequences.
⇔ You told lies, and now you must suffer the results of the lies you told.
⇔ You have trusted in your own abilities and wisdom,
⇔ and you have relied on the soldiers in your armies.

OEB But you have ploughed wickedness,
⇔ iniquity have you reaped.
⇔ You have eaten the fruit of lies.
⇔ Because you have trusted in your own path[fn],
⇔ in the multitude of your warriors,

10:13 LXX: chariots

WEBBE You have ploughed wickedness.
⇔ You have reaped iniquity.
⇔ You have eaten the fruit of lies,
⇔ for you trusted in your way, in the multitude of your mighty men.

WMBB (Same as above)

NET But you have plowed wickedness;
⇔ you have reaped injustice;
⇔ you have eaten the fruit of deception.
⇔ Because you have depended on your chariots;
⇔ you have relied on your many warriors.

LSV You have plowed wickedness,
Perversity you have reaped,
You have eaten the fruit of lying,
For you have trusted in your way,
In the abundance of your might.

FBV But instead you have planted wickedness and reaped an evil harvest. You have eaten the fruit of lies, because you trusted in your own strength and in your many warriors.

T4T You plant seeds and harvest the crops and eat them;
⇔ but what I consider that you have really done is that you have planted wicked things and harvested evil things
⇔ and eaten [MET] the results [IDM] of the lies that you have told.
⇔ Instead of trusting in me, you have ◄depended on/trusted in► your own power
⇔ and in your many soldiers.

LEB   • You have plowed wickedness, you have reaped injustice,
• you have eaten the fruit of lies,[fn]
  • because you have trusted in your strength,
  • in the multitude of your warriors.

10:? Hebrew “lie”

BBE You have been ploughing sin, you have got in a store of evil, the fruit of deceit has been your food: for you put faith in your way, in the number of your men of war.

Moff ⇔ You have been ploughing evil,
⇔ and you reaped disaster;
⇔ you have had to eat the harvest of your lies.

JPS Ye have plowed wickedness, ye have reaped iniquity, ye have eaten the fruit of lies; for thou didst trust in thy way, in the multitude of thy mighty men.

ASV Ye have plowed wickedness, ye have reaped iniquity; ye have eaten the fruit of lies; for thou didst trust in thy way, in the multitude of thy mighty men.

DRA You have ploughed wickedness, you have reaped iniquity, you have eaten the fruit of lying: because thou hast trusted in thy ways, in the multitude of thy strong ones.

YLT Ye have ploughed wickedness, Perversity ye have reaped, Ye have eaten the fruit of lying, For thou hast trusted in thy way, In the abundance of thy might.

Drby Ye have ploughed wickedness, reaped iniquity, eaten the fruit of lies; for thou didst confide in thy way, in the multitude of thy mighty men.

RV Ye have plowed wickedness, ye have reaped iniquity; ye have eaten the fruit of lies: for thou didst trust in thy way, in the multitude of thy mighty men.
(Ye/You_all have ploughed wickedness, ye/you_all have reaped iniquity; ye/you_all have eaten the fruit of lies: for thou/you didst/did trust in thy/your way, in the multitude of thy/your mighty men. )

SLT Ye ploughed injustice, ye reaped iniquity; ye ate the fruit of falsehood: for thou didst trust in thy way in the multitude of thy strong ones.

Wbstr Ye have plowed wickedness, ye have reaped iniquity; ye have eaten the fruit of lies: because thou hast trusted in thy way, in the multitude of thy mighty men.

KJB-1769 Ye have plowed wickedness, ye have reaped iniquity; ye have eaten the fruit of lies: because thou didst trust in thy way, in the multitude of thy mighty men.
(Ye/You_all have ploughed wickedness, ye/you_all have reaped iniquity; ye/you_all have eaten the fruit of lies: because thou/you didst/did trust in thy/your way, in the multitude of thy/your mighty men. )

KJB-1611 Ye haue plowed wickednesse, yee haue reaped iniquitie, ye haue eaten the fruite of lies: because thou didst trust in thy way, in the multitude of thy mightie men.
(Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above, apart from punctuation)

Bshps For you haue plowed vngodlinesse, ye haue reaped iniquitie, you haue eaten the fruite of lyes, because thou puttest thy confidence in thine owne wayes, and leanest to the multitude of thy strong men.
(For you have ploughed ungodliness, ye/you_all have reaped iniquity, you have eaten the fruit of lies, because thou/you puttest/put thy/your confidence in thine/your own ways, and leanest to the multitude of thy/your strong men.)

Gnva But you haue plowed wickednesse: ye haue reaped iniquitie: you haue eaten the fruite of lies: because thou didest trust in thine owne waies, and in the multitude of thy strong men,
(But you have ploughed wickedness: ye/you_all have reaped iniquity: you have eaten the fruit of lies: because thou/you didest trust in thine/your own ways, and in the multitude of thy/your strong men, )

Cvdl But now they haue plowed them wickednesse, therfore shal they reepe synne, and eate the frute of lyes. Seinge thou puttest thy cofidence in thine owne wayes, and leanest to ye multitude of thy worthies:
(But now they have ploughed them wickedness, therefore shall they reap sin, and eat the fruit of lies. Seeing thou/you puttest/put thy/your confidence in thine/your own ways, and leanest to ye/you_all multitude of thy/your worthies:)

Wycl Ye han erid vnfeithfulnesse, ye han rope wickidnesse, ye han ete the corn of leesyng. For thou tristydist in thi weles, and in the multitude of thi stronge men.
(Ye/You_all have ploughed unfaithfulness, ye/you_all have rope wickedness, ye/you_all have eat the corn of falsehood. For thou/you trusted in thy/your weles, and in the multitude of thy/your strong men.)

Luth Denn ihr pflüget Böses und erntet Übeltat und esset Lügenfrüchte.
(Because you(pl)/their/her ploughs(v) evil and harvests(v) eviltat and eat lie(s)früchte.)

ClVg Arastis impietatem, iniquitatem messuistis: comedistis frugem mendacii, quia confisus es in viis tuis, in multitudine fortium tuorum.
(Arastis impiety/irreverence, iniquity messuistis: I_atestis frugem lies, because confisus you_are in/into/on ways yours, in/into/on multitude of_the_brave yours. )

SOTN SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 10:9–15: The LORD will punish Israel

In this section, the LORD (10:9–11) and Hosea (10:12–15) warn the people of Israel that the LORD will punish them because of their past and current sin. This section includes figures of speech from agriculture that the Israelites in Hosea’s time would clearly understand. Some examples are comparisons of the people to farm animals (10:11) and to farmers (10:12–13).

Here are some other examples of section headings:

The Lord Pronounces Judgment on Israel (GNT)

The Lord Promises to Punish Israel (CEV)

Paragraph 10:12–15

Hosea is the speaker in this paragraph. He speaks to the people directly, using second person pronouns such as “you” and “yourselves.” He urges the people to seek the LORD instead of sinning as in their past. He also warns them how terrible the future judgment will be.

10:13a–c

In this verse, Hosea continues to speak directly to the people of Israel. These verse parts are another saying about sowing and reaping. It contrasts with the saying in 10:12a–c. There, the saying figuratively reminds the people of Israel that the LORD requires them to be righteous and loving. But here the saying describes how the people actually lived. They were wicked and evil.

Notice the parallel parts:

^13a You have plowed wickedness

^13band reaped injustice;

^13c you have eaten the fruit of lies.

10:13a

You have plowed wickedness

But you^(plur) have planted/cultivated wrong thoughts and actions,
But instead you have grown a crop of wickedness,

10:13b

and reaped injustice;

and you^(plur) have reaped injustice.
and you have harvested much evil.

10:13a–b

You have plowed wickedness and reaped injustice: This is a metaphor. It compares people who live in wicked ways to people who plow (and by implication plant seeds) and then harvest a crop. People who plow wickedness will harvest a crop of evil.

Here are some ways to translate this metaphor:

Keep the metaphor. For example:
You have planted wickedness and harvested evil. (GW)
You have plowed iniquity; you have reaped injustice (ESV)
Change the metaphor to a simile. For example:
You have been like people who plant wickedness and harvest a crop of evil.
Translate the meaning without using a figure of speech. For example:
You have lived sinfully and are now full of evil.

In Hebrew, the contrast between 13a–c and 12a–c is implied. Some versions make it explicit by adding the word “but” to introduce this contrast. Use a natural way in your language to indicate this contrast.

You have plowed wickedness: This phrase contrasts with “sow for yourselves righteousness” in 12a. The Hebrew word for “plow” here probably implies sowing in addition to plowing.Macintosh (page 425). One method of growing crops was to scatter the seed and then plow it into the ground.This practice is mentioned by Hubbard (page 182), who suggests the following paraphrase: “But instead of all this, you have grooved (ploughed) into your way of life the seeds of iniquity.” Many versions use only the word plowed, but it may be better to use a word or phrase that more clearly shows the contrast to “sow.” For example:

cultivated (NLT)

planted (GNT)

The Hebrew word for wickedness means to do wrong.TWOT (#2222a), HALOT (electronic ed., page 1296). It is the opposite of the righteousness that God commanded them to sow in 12a.See Stuart (pages 170–171) and Macintosh (page 425).

and reaped injustice: In Hebrew, this phrase is literally “you have reaped injustice/badness.” The phrase contrasts with “reap love” in 12b. It indicates that injustice is the result of wicked behavior. The word injustice is very similar to the Hebrew word for wickedness in 13a. Both words mean to do what is wrong.TWOT (#1580b). Hubbard (page 181) suggests that the word conveys a sense of violence in the doing of wrong. McComiskey (page 180) suggests that the word is often translated as “injustice” but in most occurrences it has the general sense of wickedness. Macintosh (page 425) suggests “what is wrong—opposite of goodness.”

10:13c

you have eaten the fruit of lies.

It is as if the food/fruit you^(plur) have eaten is deception/lies.
You have experienced the result of your lies/deception.

you have eaten the fruit of lies: This clause is part of the metaphor in 13a–b that compares the people of Israel to people who plant seeds and then harvest a crop. In this clause, the people of Israel are compared to people who eat fruit of deception/lies.

Here are some ways to translate this clause:

Keep the metaphor. For example:
you have eaten the fruit of lies (NRSV)
Change the metaphor to a simile. For example:
It is as if deception has been your food.
Translate the meaning without using a figure of speech. For example:
You have been deceitful in all you do.

In Hebrew, the word lies refers to either the act of lying or the lies that result from that action.TWOT (#975b), Andersen and Freedman (page 569). Stuart (pages 170–171) suggests “dishonesty.” Macintosh (page 425) and Wood (page 211) suggest “deceit.” To eat deception/lies is probably a figurative way to say that lies and deceit characterized the people’s conduct.Macintosh (page 425). Deception was normal behavior for them. See Hosea 11:12.

There are two main ways to understand the phrase fruit of lies. Either option is valid.

The phrase fruit of lies means fruit that consists of deception/lies. The deception/fruit that Israel eats is the product of Israel’s wickedness and evil.Keil (page 88) and Davies (page 247). For example:
You have eaten lies, which is the fruit that your wickedness produced.
The phrase fruit of lies means fruit that comes/results from deception/lying. The fruit that Israel eats is the product of deception/lies.Andersen and Freedman (page 569). For example:
You have eaten the fruit that your lies produced. (GW)

10:13d

Because you have trusted in your own way and in the multitude of your mighty men,

Because you^(plur) have trusted in your own power, in your many soldiers,
You have confidence in your large army that is the basis of your strength.

Because you have trusted in your own way and in the multitude of your mighty men: There are two main ways to understand the relationship of this clause to the clauses that surround it:

This clause is related to the clauses that follow it. It gives the reason for the coming destruction (see 10:14).Wood (page 211), McComiskey (page 180), and Stuart (pages 170–171). For example:
^13dBecause you have trusted in your own way and in the multitude of your warriors, ^14atherefore the tumult of war shall arise among your people, and all your fortresses shall be destroyed (ESV) (BSB, CEV, GNT, GW, ESV, NASB, NCV, NIV, NJB, NRSV, REB)
This clause is related to the clause that precedes it. It explains the deception/lies that Israel has eaten.Hubbard (pages 181–182) and Wood (page 211). For example:
^13cYou have eaten the fruit of lies—^13dtrusting in your military might, believing that great armies could make your nation safe. (NLT) (NJPS, NLT)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1) along with most versions and commentaries.McComiskey (page 180) discusses several factors that support this option. One important factor is the change of number on the pronoun “you” from plural in 13a–c to singular here through verse 14. This indicates a break in the flow of thought and provides a connection between this clause and verse 14a.

Because: This word introduces the reason for the destruction that 10:14 tells about. Use a natural way in your language to introduce this reason.

you have trusted in your own way: In Hebrew, the pronoun you is plural in 13a–c. However, it is singular in this clause. Hosea may be thinking of the nation as one unit.See Davies (page 248). However, another option is suggested by Macintosh (page 426). He cites Kimchi, who proposed that the singular pronoun indicates Hosea is addressing the king of Israel. However, evidence in favor of this proposal is not sufficient to recommend it for translation. Translate the pronoun here and in 10:14 in a way that is natural in your language.

The word trusted means to place confidence in a person or an object.

way: There are textual and interpretation issues with the Hebrew word for strength:

The Masoretic Text has “you have trusted in your own way.” Here way should be interpreted as military strength or power.HALOT (electronic ed., page 231) sense 7. Favored by Andersen and Freedman (page 569), Hubbard (page 182), and Wood (page 211). HOTTP recommends the MT with a B rating (almost certain), but it suggests the translation “on your way.” For example:
you have trusted in your power (NRSV) (CEV, GW, NCV, NIV, NLT, NRSV)
The LXX has “you have trusted in your chariots.”Favored by Stuart (pages 170–171) and Davies (page 248). The BHS editors suggest that the original reading of the word was bǝrikbǝka, “in your chariots.” See the NET footnote on this word. For example:
you have trusted in your chariots (REB) (GNT, NET, NJB, REB, RSV)
The Masoretic Text has “you have trusted in your own way.” In this context, it may refer to the way that the nation of Israel conducts its affairs.HALOT (electronic ed., page 231) sense 4. Also McComiskey (page 180) and Macintosh (page 425) For example:
you have trusted in your way (NASB) (BSB, ESV, KJV, NASB, NJPS)

You may follow option (1) or (2). Both options make good sense in the context of military strength and the following reference to warriors.Most versions under option (3) also imply a trust in military strength here. All but the ESV use punctuation and wording that connect Israel’s reliance on their own “way” to reliance on their many warriors. The Display will follow option (1).

and in the multitude of your mighty men: In Hebrew, this phrase does not begin with the word and. The BSB and some other versions supply it. The absence of this word in Hebrew probably indicates that Israel’s strength consisted in their mighty men. The mighty men were not a separate item in addition to their strength.

Here are some ways to express the more accurate meaning:

…trusting in your military might, believing that great armies could make your nation safe. (NLT)

you have trusted in your power, in your great numbers of warriors (adapted from NJB)

The Hebrew word for “mighty man” means “strong or valiant man,” or “military hero.”HALOT (electronic ed., page 172) 1. “manly, vigorous” and 2 “(military) hero.” Also, McComiskey (page 180) and Andersen and Freedman (page 570).

Here are some other ways to translate this word:

soldiers (NCV)

mighty men (KJV)

powerful forces (CEV)

Parallel HOS 10:13