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19 After that, Yeshua entered Yeriho (Jericho) and continued walking through it. 2 Then, look, there was a man named Zacchaeus and he was a chief tax-collector and pretty wealthy. 3 He wanted to see who this Yeshua was, but couldn’t see over the crowd because he[fn] was rather short, 4 so he ran along ahead of the crowd and climbed a sycamore tree so that he could see Yeshua as he walked past. 5 However, as Yeshua came to that place, he looked up and said, “Zacchaeus, hurry up and get down because I think it would be good to stay at your place.” 6 So he hurried down the tree and happily welcomed him.
7 But everyone who had observed it was grumbling, “Hoy, he’s going to stay with a sinful man.”
8 At dinner, Zacchaeus stood and said to the master, “Listen, master, I’m giving half of everything I own to the poor, and anyone that I defrauded, I’ll pay them back four times over.”
9 “Salvation came to this home today,” responded Yeshua, “as this man has also shown that he’s Abraham’s offspring, 10 because humanity’s child came to look for those who are lost, and save them.”[ref]
11 Then Yeshua went on to tell a parable to those who heard all that, because he was getting near to Yerushalem and they had assumed that God’s kingdom was going appear straight away. 12 Because of that, he told them, “Once a man of high status was going to a distant country to inherit a kingdom, and then to return after that. 13 So he called his ten slaves and gave them ten silver coins and told them to put them to work until he got back. 14 But his citizens hated him and sent a delegation out to him to say, ‘We don’t want this man to reign over us.’
15 “But he received his kingdom and then he headed back and sent for those slaves that he had given the silver to, to find out how well they’d traded. 16 The first slave arrived and said, ‘Master, I used your silver coin to earn ten more coins.’ 17 ‘Well done good slave,’ he said, ‘and because you were faithful with a little, I’ll put you in charge of ten cities.’ 18 Then the second slave came and said, ‘Your silver master, gained five more coins.’ 19 ‘You too,’ the master said, ‘will be put in charge of five cities.’ 20 Then another slave came and said, ‘Master, look, here’s your silver that I kept hidden away wrapped in a handkerchief 21 because I was scared of you, knowing that you’re a hard man—picking up what you didn’t put down, and harvesting where you didn’t sow.’ 22 ‘I’ll judge you by your own words,’ the master said, ‘you evil slave! You knew that I’m a hard man, picking up what I didn’t put down, and harvesting what I didn’t sow. 23 So why didn’t you take my silver to the bank? Then went I returned, at least I would have been able to collect some interest.’ 24 Then the master told the others who were standing there, ‘Take the silver coin away from him and give it to the slave who has the ten.’ 25 But they protested, ‘Master, he already has ten coins.’ 26 ‘I’m telling you all,’ the master replied, ‘that everyone who has, will be given more, but the person who doesn’t have, even what they have will be taken away from them.[ref] 27 However, about those enemies of mine who didn’t want me to reign over them: bring them here and strike them down in front of me.’ ”[ref]
28 After he’d said that, Yeshua continued on towards Yerushalem, 29 and as he got near to Bethfage and Bethany going towards the Mt. of Olives, he sent two of his followers ahead, 30 telling them, “Go on to the next village, and when you enter it, you’ll see a colt that’s never been ridden tied up there. Untie it and bring it here. 31 But if anyone asks you why you’re untying it, tell them that the master needs it.”
32 So they went off and found it just like he’d told them, 33 and when they were untying the colt, the owners asked them, “Why are you untying the colt?”
34 “The master needs it,” they answered. 35 So they led it back to Yeshua, and after throwing some of their clothes over it, they mounted him on it. 36 Then as the colt moved along, they spread more of their clothes on the road.
37 As he was about to descend down the slope of the Mount of Olives, the whole crowd of followers started celebrating and loudly praising God for all the miracles they’d seen, 38 saying, “The coming king has been blessed in the name of Yahweh. May there be peace in heaven and brilliant splendour up high there.”[ref]
39 There were some members of the Pharisee party in the crowd and they suggested to him, “Teacher, tell your followers to stop!”
40 “I’m telling you,” Yeshua answered, “that if all of these people stayed silent then the stones would start shouting.”
41 As Yeshua got closer to Yerushalem, he cried over it, 42 saying, “If only you knew how to obtain peace today, but it’s been hidden from your eyes, 43 because in the future, your enemies will surround you and build a palisade around you and attack you from every side. 44 Then they’ll level you and your children along with you, and they’ll topple the stone walls and buildings, because you didn’t realise the importance of who was visiting you.”
45 Then Yeshua went into the temple and started throwing out the traders, 46 telling them, “It’s been written that ‘my house will be a place of prayer,’ but you’ve made it into a den for robbers.”[ref]
47 After that, he taught in the temple every day, but the chief priests and the religious teachers were looking for a way to execute him,[ref] 48 but they didn’t come up with a plan, because all the people loved to listen to him.
19:3 It’s commonly assumed that Zacchaeus was the short person in this sentence, but the Greek is ambiguous. (See https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-topics/new-testament/jesus-the-short-king/.)
Much like the difficulties of discerning the Israelites’ journey to the Promised Land (see here), the task of reconciling the four Gospel accounts of Jesus’ final journey to Jerusalem into one coherent itinerary has proven very challenging for Bible scholars. As with many other events during Jesus’ ministry, the accounts of Matthew, Mark, and Luke (often referred to as the Synoptic Gospels) present a noticeably similar account of Jesus’ final travels, while John’s Gospel presents an itinerary that is markedly different from the others. In general, the Synoptic Gospels present Jesus as making a single journey to Jerusalem, beginning in Capernaum (Luke 9:51), passing through Perea (Matthew 19:1-2; Mark 10:1) and Jericho (Matthew 20:29-34; Mark 10:46-52; Luke 18:35-19:10), and ending at Bethany and Bethphage, where he enters Jerusalem riding on a donkey (Matthew 21:1-11; Mark 11:1-11; Luke 19:28-44). John, on the other hand, mentions several trips to Jerusalem by Jesus (John 2:13-17; 5:1-15; 7:1-13; 10:22-23), followed by a trip to Perea across the Jordan River (John 10:40-42), a return to Bethany where he raises Lazarus from the dead (John 11), a withdrawal to the village of Ephraim for a few months (John 11:54), and a return trip to Bethany, where he then enters Jerusalem riding on a donkey (John 12:1-19). The differences between the Synoptics’ and John’s accounts are noteworthy, but they are not irreconcilable. The Synoptics, after noting that Jesus began his trip at Capernaum, likely condensed their accounts (as occurs elsewhere in the Gospels) to omit Jesus’ initial arrival in Jerusalem and appearance at the Festival of Dedication, thus picking up with Jesus in Perea (stage 2 of John’s itinerary). Then all the Gospels recount Jesus’ trip (back) to Bethany and Jerusalem, passing through Jericho along the way. Likewise, the Synoptics must have simply omitted the few months Jesus spent in Ephraim to escape the Jewish leaders (stage 4 of John’s itinerary) and rejoined John’s account where Jesus is preparing to enter Jerusalem on a donkey.
Matthew 21:1-17; Mark 11:1-11; Luke 19:28-48; John 12:1-19; see also Matthew 26:6-13; Mark 14:3-9
At the start of Passover one week before he was crucified, Jesus and his disciples traveled to Jerusalem, approaching the city from the east. When they arrived at the village of Bethphage, Jesus mounted a donkey and rode down the Mount of Olives as a humble king entering his capital city. Along the way, many people laid branches and cloaks in his path to welcome him. After Jesus entered the city, he immediately went up to the Temple and drove out the moneychangers and merchants there, and he healed the blind and the lame. Then he traveled nearly two miles outside the city to the village of Bethany to spend the night, which appears to have been where he typically lodged each night while visiting Jerusalem during the crowded Passover festival. Bethany is also where Jesus’ close friends Mary, Martha, and Lazarus lived. One evening while Jesus was there at a large dinner party given in his honor, Martha served the food, and Mary poured expensive perfume on Jesus’ feet and wiped his feet with her hair.
By the time of the New Testament, the ancient city of Jerusalem had been transformed from the relatively small fortress of David’s day (2 Samuel 5:6-10; 1 Chronicles 11:4-9) into a major city with a Temple that rivaled the greatest temples in the Roman world. Just prior to Jesus’ birth, Herod the Great completely renovated and expanded the Temple of the Lord, and he also built a lavish palace for himself, various pools (where Jesus occasionally performed healings), public buildings, and military citadels, including the Antonia Fortress, which overlooked the Temple. Wealthy residents, including the high priest, occupied extravagant houses in the Upper City, while the poorer residents were relegated to less desirable areas like the Lower City. The Essene Quarter was so named because many of its residents belonged to the Essenes, a strict religious sect that was known for its careful attention to the law of Moses. Across the Kidron Valley lay the Garden of Gethsemane, where Jesus often met with his disciples (Matthew 26:36-46; Mark 14:32-53; John 18:1-14). Further east was the Mount of Olives, where Jesus began his triumphal entry one week before his crucifixion (Matthew 21:1-11; Mark 11:1-11; Luke 19:28-40; John 12:12-19), taught his disciples about the last days (Matthew 24-25; Mark 13), and eventually ascended to heaven after his resurrection (Luke 24:50-53; Acts 1:1-11).
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