HOS 5:13 Interlinear View

1. Hebrew word
2. Hebrew lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. Gloss
8. CAPS codes
9. OET tags
10. OET word #
1. וַ,יַּרְא
2. 521896,521897
3. And he/it saw
4. When saw then But
5. 7200
6. SV-C,Vqw3ms
7. and=he/it_saw
8. S
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364713
1. אֶפְרַיִם
2. 521898
3. ʼEfrayim
4. Efrayim
5. 669
6. S-Np
7. Ephraim
8. -
9. Person=Ephraim; Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364714
1. אֶת
2. 521899
3. DOM
4. -
5. 853
6. O-To
7. DOM
8. -
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364715
2. 521900
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 364716
1. חָלְי,וֹ
2. 521901,521902
3. sickness of his
4. sickness
5. 2483
6. O-Ncmsc,Sp3ms
7. sickness_of,his
8. -
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364717
1. וִ,יהוּדָה
2. 521903,521904
3. and Yəhūdāh/(Yihudah)
4. -
5. 3063
6. S-C,Np
7. and=Yəhūdāh/(Yihudah)
8. -
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364718
1. אֶת
2. 521905
3. DOM
4. -
5. 853
6. O-To
7. DOM
8. -
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364719
2. 521906
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 364720
1. מְזֹר,וֹ
2. 521907,521908
3. sore[s] of his
4. -
5. 4205
6. O-Ncmsc,Sp3ms
7. sore[s]_of,his
8. -
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364721
1. וַ,יֵּלֶךְ
2. 521909,521910
3. and he/it went
4. went
5. 3212
6. SV-C,Vqw3ms
7. and=he/it_went
8. -
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364722
1. אֶפְרַיִם
2. 521911
3. ʼEfrayim
4. -
5. 669
6. S-Np
7. Ephraim
8. -
9. Person=Ephraim; Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364723
1. אֶל
2. 521912
3. to
4. -
5. 413
6. S-R
7. to
8. -
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364724
2. 521913
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 364725
1. אַשּׁוּר
2. 521914
3. ʼAshshūr
4. Assyria
5. 804
6. S-Np
7. Assyria
8. -
9. Location=Assyria; Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364726
1. וַ,יִּשְׁלַח
2. 521915,521916
3. and he sent
4. sent
5. 7971
6. SV-C,Vqw3ms
7. and,he_sent
8. -
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364727
1. אֶל
2. 521917
3. to
4. -
5. 413
6. S-R
7. to
8. -
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364728
2. 521918
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 364729
1. מֶלֶךְ
2. 521919
3. +the king
4. king
5. 4428
6. S-Ncmsa
7. [the]_king
8. -
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364730
1. יָרֵב
2. 521920
3. great
4. great
5. 3377
6. S-Np
7. great
8. -
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364731
1. וְ,הוּא
2. 521921,521922
3. and he
4. -
5. 1931
6. S-C,Pp3ms
7. and=he
8. -
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364732
1. לֹא
2. 521923
3. not
4. can't
5. 3808
6. S-Tn
7. not
8. -
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364733
1. יוּכַל
2. 521924
3. he is able
4. -
5. 3201
6. V-Vqi3ms
7. he_is_able
8. -
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364734
1. לִ,רְפֹּא
2. 521925,521926
3. to heal
4. heal
5. 7495
6. SV-R,Vqc
7. to,heal
8. -
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364735
1. לָ,כֶם
2. 521927,521928
3. to/for you(pl)
4. -
6. S-R,Sp2mp
7. to/for=you(pl)
8. -
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364736
1. וְ,לֹא
2. 521929,521930
3. and not
4. -
5. 3808
6. S-C,Tn
7. and=not
8. -
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364737
2. 521931
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 364738
1. יִגְהֶה
2. 521932
3. it will depart
4. -
5. 1455
6. V-Vqi3ms
7. it_will_depart
8. -
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364739
1. מִ,כֶּם
2. 521933,521934
3. from you(pl)
4. -
6. S-R,Sp2mp
7. from,you(pl)
8. -
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364740
1. מָזוֹר
2. 521935
3. +the sore[s]
4. -
5. 4205
6. O-Ncmsa
7. [the]_sore[s]
8. -
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364741
2. 521936
3. -
4. -
6. -x-sof-pasuq
8. -
9. -
10. 364742

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 5:8–15: The LORD will judge the people by war

In 5:8–11, the LORD warned Israel and Judah that he would soon destroy them by means of the enemy that had come to wage war against them. He also accused them of various kinds of sin. In 5:12–15, the LORD compared his judgment to destructive things like a moth, wood rot, and a lion. He assured the people that they would be destroyed in spite of their attempt to get help from Assyria. We do not know with certainty the date and the details of the war. However, some scholars believe that this is the war that is mentioned in 2 Kings 16:5–9 and 2 Chronicles 28:5–23.This may be the Syro-Ephraimite war, 735–732 B.C.E. In that war the kingdoms of Israel and Syria united to fight against the kingdoms of Assyria and Judah. The war greatly harmed both Israel and Judah. Israel and Syria lost the war, and the king of Assyria took control of most of the land of Israel. See Andersen and Freedman (pages 402–403), Hubbard (pages 118–122), Stuart (page 101), and Macintosh (page 194) for more details.

Here are some other examples of section headings:

War between Judah and Israel (GNT)

The Lord warns Israel and Judah (CEV)

5:13a–b

(combined/reordered)

When the leaders of Israel and Judah became aware that their nations were like a person who had a terrible disease or had many infected sores/wounds,
When the people who ruled Israel and Judah saw/noticed that their countrymen were experiencing hardship and suffering,

Notice the parallel parts that are similar in meaning:

^13aWhen Ephraim saw his sickness

^13band Judah his wound,

These lines contain parallel metaphors. In these metaphors the LORD compares the hardship of the people of Israel and Judah to the suffering caused by a sickness and a wound.

When: This word introduces what happened at that time, following the start of the LORD’s judgment. At that time, Ephraim and Judah realized their difficult situations. This word also introduces the reason that they turned to the king of Assyria for help in 5:13c–d.

Ephraim…Judah: Here these names probably refer particularly to the leaders of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. The leaders are the ones who would turn to Assyria for help. If it will be clearer or more natural to make this information explicit in your language, you may do so. For example:

the leaders of Israel…the leaders of Judah

saw: In this context, this word means “became aware of” or “realized.” For example:

when Ephraim became aware of his sickness (NJPS)

When the leaders of Ephraim realized that their nation was sick

his sickness…his wound: The first of these parallel terms can refer to any illness or disease. The second term is more specific. It refers to an infected wound or to an oozing ulcer or boil. Here both terms are figurative. They probably refer to hardships or weakness that the people were experiencing as a result of war.

General Comment on 5:13a–b

In some languages, the metaphors in these parallel lines may be incorrectly understood as literal sickness or wounds.

If that is true in your language, here are some other ways to translate these metaphors:

Change the metaphors to similes. If necessary, make explicit what is being compared. For example:
^13a The hardship that the people of Israel were experiencing was like a sickness.
^13b The people of Judah were suffering like a person who has infected/oozing sores/boils. When they saw this,
^13aWhen the leaders of Israel realized that the hardship of their people was like a sickness,
^13band when the rulers of Judah found out that the people were as if covered with infected sores,
Translate the meaning without using figures of speech. For example:
^13aWhen the people of Israel noticed the troubles that they were facing,
^13bwhen the people of Judah saw how weak their country had become,

In some languages, it may be more natural to reorder and/or combine these parallel statements. For example:

When Israel and Judah saw how sick they were (NLT)

The leaders of Israel and Judah realized that their countries had become very weak and their people were undergoing great hardship.

5:13a

When Ephraim saw his sickness

The leaders of Israel saw how weak their country was, like a very sick person.

5:13b

and Judah his wound,

The leaders of Judah also realized how much their countrymen were suffering, like a person covered with sores.

5:13c–d

(combined/reordered)

they asked the great king of Assyria for help.
they sent messengers to request help from the powerful ruler in Assyria.

Notice the parallel parts that are similar in meaning:

^13cthen Ephraim turned to Assyria,

^13dand sent to the great king.

These lines give the result of the action described in 5:13a–b. There it says that Ephraim and Judah saw their sicknesses.

Ephraim turned to Assyria and sent to the great king: There are two ways to interpret the subject of the verb sent in these parallel verse parts:

Both Ephraim and Judah turned to the king of Assyria for help. Judah is the implied subject of the verb sent in 5:13d. For example:
^13c Ephraim went to Assyria,
^13dand Judah sent to the great king. (NAB) (NAB)
Ephraim turned to the king of Assyria for help. Ephraim is the implied subject of the verb sent in the second line. For example:
^13cthen Ephraim went to Assyria,
^13dand sent to the great king. (NRSV) (BSB, CEV, ESV, GNT, GW, KJV, NCV, NASB, NET, NIV, NJB, NJPS, NLT, NRSV)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1) along with a slight majority of commentaries.Commentaries that support Judah as the subject of 5:13d include Andersen and Freedman, Davies, Hubbard, Macintosh, Stuart. and Pusey. Commentaries that support Ephraim/Israel as the subject of 5:13d as well as 5:13c include Keil, Wood, McComiskey, Lange, and probably Dearman. However, most versions follow interpretation (2). You may decide to follow (2) if it will be more acceptable to your readers.

The parallelism, pronoun use, and historical context all favor interpretation (1). To be more specific:

Ephraim and Judah occur as a parallel pair in both the preceding and following contexts (5:5b–c, 5:12a–b, 5:13a–b, and 5:14a–b).
The plural pronoun “you” in 5:13e–f suggests that both Ephraim and Judah are referred to here. Plural pronouns are also used in 5:6–7 and 5:15, where the context indicates both Ephraim and Judah.See Andersen and Freedman (page 413). Where the context refers to a single tribe or nation, singular pronouns, both second person and third person, are used consistently throughout this chapter. See especially 5:8d and 5:3c, where you^(sing) is used to refer to a single group.
Historically, King Hoshea of Israel and King Ahaz of Judah both sought the help of Assyria in situations that fit the context of these verses.Davies, Hubbard, and Stuart (cited above) all identify Hoshea and Ahaz as the kings that are referred to here.

turned to Assyria and sent to the great king: These two parallel phrases refer to the same event. They indicate that the leaders of Israel and Judah requested help from the king of Assyria.The KJV and NASB have “king Jareb” rather than “great king.” A large majority of commentators and versions support the meaning, “great king.” The king of Assyria was very powerful at that time.

In context, it is implied that the leaders sent for help. In some languages, it may be helpful to make this information explicit. For example:

and sent to the great king for help (NIV)

It is implied that the leaders sent representatives to request this help. In some languages, it may be helpful to make this information explicit. For example:

sent messengers (NJB)

General Comment on 5:13c–d

In some languages, it may be more natural to combine and/or reorder these parallel statements. For example:

they each asked the king of Assyria to help them

5:13c

then Ephraim turned to Assyria

So the leaders of Israel sent representatives to Assyria.

5:13d

and sent to the great king.

The leaders/representatives of Judah also asked the great king there for help.

5:13e–f

(combined/reordered)

But he cannot heal what is wrong with you^(plur).
But that ruler is not able to rescue you from your troubles/difficulties.

Notice the parallel parts that are similar in meaning:

^13eBut he cannot cure you

^13for heal your wound.

These lines continue to use the metaphors from 5:13a–b. Here the LORD compares the king’s inability to relieve the people’s hardships to a doctor’s inability to cure an illness or an infected wound.

But: This word introduces a negative conclusion to the leaders’ request for help in 5:13c–d. They hoped that the king of Assyria could help them, but he could not. Use a natural way in your language to introduce this kind of negative contrast.

he cannot cure you or heal your wound: These parallel lines both refer to the same situation. The king does not have the ability to cure their figurative sicknesses and wounds. He cannot deliver them from the hardships that result from the LORD’s judgment.

you or…your: In Hebrew, these pronouns are plural. They probably refer to both Israel and Judah.

General Comment on 5:13e–f

In some languages, it may be more natural to combine and/or reorder these parallel statements. For example:

But he is not able to rescue you from my punishment.

5:13e

But he cannot cure you

But the king cannot cure your^(plur) sicknesses.

5:13f

or heal your wound.

It is not possible for him to heal your^(plur) sores.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.

OET interlinear HOS 5:13

Hebrew word order

Section 5:8–15: The LORD will judge the people by war

5:13a–b

General Comment on 5:13a–b

5:13a

5:13b

5:13c–d

General Comment on 5:13c–d

5:13c

5:13d

5:13e–f

General Comment on 5:13e–f

5:13e

5:13f

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)