Hebrew word order

1. Hebrew word
2. Hebrew lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. Gloss
8. CAPS codes
9. OET tags
10. OET word #
1. אֲנִי
2. 521730
3. I
4. -
5. 589
6. S-Pp1cs
7. I
8. S
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364590
1. יָדַעְתִּי
2. 521731
3. I know
4. know
5. 3045
6. V-Vqp1cs
7. I_know
8. -
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364591
1. אֶפְרַיִם
2. 521732
3. ʼEfrayim
4. Efrayim
5. 669
6. O-Np
7. Ephraim
8. -
9. Person=Ephraim; Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364592
1. וְ,יִשְׂרָאֵל
2. 521733,521734
3. and Yisrāʼēl/(Israel)
4. ≈and
5. 3478
6. S-C,Np
7. and,Israel
8. -
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364593
1. לֹא
2. 521735
3. not
4. isn't
5. 3808
6. S-Tn
7. not
8. -
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364594
2. 521736
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 364595
1. נִכְחַד
2. 521737
3. it is hidden
4. hidden
5. 3582
6. V-VNp3ms
7. it_is_hidden
8. -
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364596
1. מִמֶּ,נִּי
2. 521738,521739
3. from me
4. -
6. S-R,Sp1cs
7. from,me
8. -
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364597
1. כִּי
2. 521740
3. if/because
4. -
6. S-C
7. if/because
8. -
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364598
1. עַתָּה
2. 521741
3. now
4. -
5. 6258
6. S-D
7. now
8. -
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364599
1. הִזְנֵיתָ
2. 521742
3. you have prostituted yourself
4. ≈prostituted yourself
5. 2181
6. V-Vhp2ms
7. you_have_prostituted_yourself
8. -
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364600
1. אֶפְרַיִם
2. 521743
3. Oh ʼEfrayim
4. -
5. 669
6. S-Np
7. O_Ephraim
8. -
9. Person=Ephraim; Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364601
1. נִטְמָא
2. 521744
3. it has made itself unclean
4. -
6. V-VNp3ms
7. it_has_made_itself_unclean
8. -
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364602
1. יִשְׂרָאֵל
2. 521745
3. Yisrāʼēl/(Israel)
4. -
5. 3478
6. S-Np
7. Israel
8. -
9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 364603
2. 521746
3. -
4. -
6. -x-sof-pasuq
8. -
9. -
10. 364604

OET (OET-RV) I know Efrayim,
⇔ ≈ and Yisrael isn’t hidden from me.
⇔ You’ve prostituted yourself for now, Efrayim.
⇔ ≈ Yisrael is defiled.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 5:1–7: The LORD will judge the people of Israel and Judah

In 5:1–4, the LORD condemned the people of Israel and Judah, including the priests and leaders, for their corruption, immorality, and idolatry. In 5:5–7, he warned them that he would leave them and allow them to be destroyed.

Here are some other examples of section headings:

Israel and Judah will be judged (CEV)

Punishment Coming for Israel and Judah (ESV)

Paragraph 5:1–4

In this paragraph, the LORD made an accusation against the people of Israel. He made it clear that he knew everything they did. Nothing was hidden from him. He concluded by declaring that his people no longer knew him.

Since this paragraph occurs at the beginning of a new section, it may be helpful in some languages to make explicit that the LORD is the one who was speaking. For example, the CEV begins this paragraph with:

The Lord said (CEV)

Here is another way to introduce the paragraph:

The LORD continued to speak. He said

5:3a–b

(combined/reordered)

I see every evil thing that the people of Israel secretly do.

Notice the parallel parts that are similar in meaning:

^3a I know all about Ephraim,

^3band Israel is not hidden from Me.

In Hebrew and in the BSB, the parallel parts are arranged in the form of a chiasm. The parts in 5:3a occur in the opposite order from the parallel parts in 5:3b. Some versions do not use a chiasm. For example:

^3a Ephraim have I known,

^3b Israel is not hidden from me; (NJB)

Use an order that is natural in your language.

In these lines the LORD indicated that he knows everything that the people of Israel do. In some languages, it may be helpful to make explicit what the LORD knows about the people. For example:

^3aI know Ephraim all too well;

^3b the evil of Israel is not hidden from me. (NET)

I know all about…is not hidden from Me: Each of these two phrases has a similar meaning. In this context, the meaning is that the LORD knows all about the evil deeds of the people. They may think that they are doing evil in secret, but he sees everything they do.The REB interprets these parallel phrases in a positive sense. It has: “I have cared for Ephraim and not neglected Israel.” The NJB is more literal. It has: “Ephraim have I known, Israel is not hidden from me.” However, it probably follows the same interpretation as the REB, because it introduces the next two lines (5:3c–d) as a contrast, similar to the REB.

Ephraim…Israel: In these parallel lines, Ephraim is probably a figure of speech (synecdoche) that represents all the people of the nation of Israel.

General Comment on 5:3a–b

In some languages, it may be more natural to combine one or more of the parallel parts. For example:

I know what Israel is like—she cannot hide from me. (GNT)

I know what you are like, O Israel! (NLT96)

5:3a

I know all about Ephraim,

I know what the descendants/people of Ephraim are like.
I see everything that you^(plur) Israelites do.

5:3b

and Israel is not hidden from Me.

Yes, I know the evil secrets of the Israelites.
Nothing you^(plur) do is hidden from me.

5:3c–d

(combined/reordered)

Yes, the Israelites are like a prostitute. They are not fit to worship me.

Notice the parallel parts that are similar in meaning:

^3cFor now, O Ephraim, you have turned to prostitution;

^3d Israel is defiled.

There are at least two ways to interpret the connection between 5:3c–d and 5:3a–b:

Line 5:3c begins with two Hebrew words that indicate emphasis. These words introduce parallel statements (5:3c–d) that explain in more detail what the LORD said in 5:3a–b.The two Hebrew words are ki ʿattah. A number of English versions, including the RSV, NASB, and ESV, translate these words as “for now.” These versions may intend these words to have an explanatory relationship to 5:3a–b. Commentaries do not support a causal relationship. These statements specify that Ephraim has turned to prostitution and Israel is corrupt. For example:
Behold, you have fornicated, O Ephraim; Israel has defiled himself! (NJPS) (BSB, NJPS)
Line 5:3c begins with two Hebrew words that indicate a contrast. These words introduce parallel statements (5:3c–d) that contrast with what the LORD said in 5:3a–b. According to this interpretation, the LORD knew and cared for Ephraim/Israel, but they responded by turning to immorality and defiling themselves. For example:
but now Ephraim has become promiscuous and Israel has brought defilement on himself (REB) (NJB, REB)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1). The some versions leave the connection between 5:3c–d and 5:3a–b implied.

Ephraim…Israel: See the note for 5:3a–b.

you have turned to prostitution: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as you have turned to prostitution is the same word as in 4:10 and 4:18. It means “fornication” with a person or “unfaithfulness” towards God. Here it probably means both at the same time.

Here are some other ways to translate it:

she has been unfaithful (GNT)

Ephraim has become promiscuous (REB)

is defiled: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as is defiled is literally “it has made itself unclean.” The word refers to the people’s moral impurity. It also refers to their spiritual impurity that was caused by breaking the commands of their covenant with the LORD. The people were guilty of both kinds of impurity.

Here are some other ways to translate this line:

Israel is corrupt (NIV)

I find you unacceptable (CEV)

her people are unfit to worship me (GNT)

General Comment on 5:3c–d

In some languages, it may be more natural to combine and/or reorder the parallel parts. For example:

Now that Israel acts like a prostitute, it has made itself unclean. (NCV)

Israel has defiled herself like a prostitute!

5:3c

For now, O Ephraim, you have turned to prostitution;

Indeed! You^(plur) descendants/people of Ephraim are unfaithful to me like an adulteress is unfaithful to her husband.

5:3d

Israel is defiled.

You^(plur) people of Israel are defiled!

uW Translation Notes:

General Information:

Yahweh is talking about Israel.

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / synecdoche

(Occurrence 0) I know Ephraim, and Israel is not hidden from me

(Some words not found in UHB: I I_know ʼEfrayim and,Israel not hidden from,me that/for/because/then/when now played_the_whore ʼEfrayim defiled Yisrael )

Here, “Ephraim” and “Israel” both refer to the whole northern kingdom of Israel, and represent the people who live there.

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / simile

(Occurrence 0) Ephraim, now you have become like a prostitute

(Some words not found in UHB: I I_know ʼEfrayim and,Israel not hidden from,me that/for/because/then/when now played_the_whore ʼEfrayim defiled Yisrael )

Ephraim is presented in terms of a prostitute because the people have become unfaithful to God, as a prostitute is faithful to no man.

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

5:3 you are utterly defiled: The word translated defiled is used frequently in the Pentateuch to describe ritual uncleanness, a physical condition that disqualified a person from worshiping God in the Temple (Lev 11–15). The prophets used the concept as a metaphor for Israel’s moral uncleanness as the result of her idolatry (Isa 6:5; Mic 2:10).

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.

OET interlinear HOS 5:3