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InterlinearVerse GEN EXO LEV NUM DEU JOB JOS JDG RUTH 1 SAM 2 SAM PSA AMOS HOS 1 KI 2 KI 1 CHR 2 CHR PROV ECC SNG JOEL MIC ISA ZEP HAB JER LAM YNA (JNA) NAH OBA DAN EZE EZRA EST NEH HAG ZEC MAL LAO GES LES ESG DNG 2 PS TOB JDT WIS SIR BAR LJE PAZ SUS BEL MAN 1 MAC 2 MAC 3 MAC 4 MAC YHN (JHN) MARK MAT LUKE ACTs YAC (JAM) GAL 1 TH 2 TH 1 COR 2 COR ROM COL PHM EPH PHP 1 TIM TIT 1 PET 2 PET 2 TIM HEB YUD (JUD) 1 YHN (1 JHN) 2 YHN (2 JHN) 3 YHN (3 JHN) REV
1 Pet 1 V1 V2 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22 V23 V24 V25
OET (OET-LV) Blessed is the god and father of_the master of_us, Yaʸsous chosen_one/messiah, who according_to the great mercy of_him, having_born_again us to a_ living _hope, through the_resurrection of_Yaʸsous chosen_one/messiah from the_dead,
OET (OET-RV) May God, the father of our master Yeshua the messiah be blessed. He’s the one who, because of his incredible mercy, births us into living hope through the death and coming back to life of Yeshua the messiah.
In this section, Peter praised God for the new life that his readers had received because Jesus Christ rose from the dead. He also praised God for the good things that God has made ready for his people in heaven (1:3–5). These blessings from God cause believers to rejoice, even in times of trouble. They have joy because they know that God is saving their souls (1:6–9). In the final paragraph, Peter reminded his readers of how the Old Testament prophets had earlier prophesied about this salvation. They had foretold that Christ would suffer in order to save people (1:10–12).
Some other headings for this section are:
The hope of eternal life (NLT)
Faith in Christ brings you joy (NET)
A real reason for hope (CEV)
Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ!
Let us(incl) praise the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Everyone should bless/praise the God and Father of our(incl) Lord Jesus Christ.
Our God and Father of our(incl) Lord Jesus Christ is worthy of all praise.
Blessed be: The Greek word that the BSB translates as Blessed be means “praised” in such contexts. It was common for the Jews to use a phrase like this as a formal way to affirm that God is worthy to be praised. It indicates that people should praise God by telling others how wonderful and excellent he is. Some other ways to translate this meaning are:
Let us give thanks to… (GNT)
All honor to… (NLT)
Praise… (GW)
the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ: There are two ways to interpret the Greek phrase that the BSB translates as the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ:
It means that God is both the God of our Lord Jesus Christ and the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ. For example, TLB says:
God, the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ (BSB, GW, KJV, NASB, NCV, NET, NIV, REB, RSV, GNT)
It means that God is the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ. For example, the CEV says:
God, the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ (NJB, CEV, NLT)
It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1), as the majority of English versions do.
By His great mercy He has given us new birth
Because he is so merciful, he has caused us(incl) to be born again.
He has given us(incl) new life/birth because his compassion is so great!
He is very compassionate, and so he has caused us(incl) to live new lives
By His great mercy: The phrase By His great mercy here means “because of God’s great mercy.” God’s great mercy is the reason why God provided a new birth (1:3b). The GW says:
God has given us a new birth because of his great mercy.
The Greek phrase that the BSB translates as His great mercy refers here to the generous compassion that God has for people. He showed great mercy to those who believe in his Son, Jesus Christ. Although they had sinned, he did not punish them but forgave them.
Some other ways to express His great mercy are:
because he is so merciful
because God is very compassionate
He has given us new birth: The Greek phrase that the BSB translates as has given us new birth is literally “having caused us to be born again.” This is a figure of speech. It expresses the great change that God made in the lives of Peter and his readers when they believed in Jesus. God made them like new people, and they began a new type of life with him.Goppelt says that “new birth occurs as transposition into a new life situation, namely as the dawn of an…unfailing and effective ‘living hope’” (page 83). In other words, God caused them to be born into (enter into, begin) a new life. They had a new hope and a new inheritance in heaven (1:3–4).
us: In this letter, the terms us and “we” always include Peter’s readers.
new birth: The phrase new birth does not mean that the believers had been born again as babies. Refer to John 1:12–13, 3:3. Other ways to translate this are:
he has caused us to be born again (NCV)
he has given us new life (CEV)
he has made our lives new
he has changed our lives as if we were born again
If you use birth or “born” in your translation, you will want to make sure that it does not sound as if Peter said that God had given them children.
into a living hope
We(incl) now live in confident hope
So now we(incl) expect his blessings with certainty
of confident expectation,
into a living hope…and into an inheritance: In Greek, 1:3c and 1:4a both begin with the word that is often translated as into (BSB) or “for.” Many scholars believe that both times, this word introduces a benefit (result) of the new birth that God had given the believers.Elliott, page 333, says, “This is the first of three…eis (“for”) phrases…identifying three related results or benefits of God’s regenerating action.” Most English versions have “into a living hope” for the first eis phrase (BSB, NRSV, NJB, REB, NET, NCV, NIV). The RSV and KJV have “to” or “unto” respectively. The only real unambiguous readings indicate result (GW, NLT, CEV, GNT). For “into an inheritance,” several versions imply result: BSB, NIV, NJB, NRSV, KJV, and GW. Several indicate that the inheritance is the content of the hope, that is, what is hoped for (NCV, NET, REB, GNT). The difference in content and result in this context may be less than it appears. The new birth gives believers a living hope in an inheritance that is also the result of the new birth. The BSB indicates this by supplying the connector and, which is not in the Greek text. In 1:3c, the benefit of the new birth is hope, and in 1:4a the benefit is an inheritance. Some other ways to translate this are:
with the result that we have a living hope…and an inheritance
As a result we have a living hope…and an inheritance
The benefits (blessings) of the new birth are in focus in this context.
a living hope: There are two ways to interpret the Greek phrase that the BSB translates as a living hope:
It refers to a hope that would certainly be fulfilled. People could have confidence that they would not be disappointed in that hope. The EASY translation says:
as we live, we are sure that we will receive good things from God
It refers to “a hope that continues.” People keep hoping year after year without stopping.This interpretation is supported by the UBS Handbook, Selwyn, page 124 (“a hope that is never extinguished by untoward circumstances”), Bigg (“hope is…eternal”), and Grudem, page 55 (“it grows and increases in strength year by year”). The CEV says:
a hope that lives on (CEV)
Most English versions are ambiguous, and both ideas are true. However, if you must choose between these interpretations, it is recommended that you choose interpretation (1).
hope: In the New Testament, a hope is the confident expectation that something good will happen. In some languages it may be necessary to translate it with a verb phrase. For example:
we have assurance/certainty
we confidently expect
In some languages it is necessary to translate hope as an action. In some of those languages, it is also necessary to specify what is hoped for. If that is true in your language, you may want to specify that the believers hoped for the inheritance. For example, the REB says:
hope, the hope of an inheritance (REB)
through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead,
by means of Jesus Christ rising from death.
through Jesus Christ living again after his death.
because he caused Jesus Christ to live again after he died.
through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead: The phrase through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead indicates that Jesus’ resurrection is the means by which God gave Peter and his readers a new birth into a living hope and an inheritance. For example, the GNT says:
by raising Jesus Christ from death (GNT)
the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead: This context implies that God caused Jesus Christ to live again after his death. In some languages, it may be necessary to make that explicit. For example:
God gave us this new birth/life by causing Jesus to live again after his death
resurrection: The term resurrection refers to someone’s body becoming alive again after his death. It does not refer only to his soul or spirit becoming alive again. Some other ways to translate this word are:
rising from the dead
being raised to life
God caused to live again
Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / declarative
εὐλογητὸς
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Εὐλογητός ὁ Θεός καί Πατήρ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ὁ κατά τό πολύ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος ἀναγεννήσας ἡμάς εἰς ἐλπίδα ζῶσαν διʼ ἀναστάσεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐκ νεκρῶν)
Peter is using a statement to give an exhortation. If this is confusing in your language, you can use a more natural form for exhortation. Alternate translation: [Let us bless] or [Let us praise]
Note 2 topic: guidelines-sonofgodprinciples
Πατὴρ
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Εὐλογητός ὁ Θεός καί Πατήρ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ὁ κατά τό πολύ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος ἀναγεννήσας ἡμάς εἰς ἐλπίδα ζῶσαν διʼ ἀναστάσεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐκ νεκρῶν)
Father is an important title for God.
Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / exclusive
ἡμῶν & ἡμᾶς
˱of˲_us & (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Εὐλογητός ὁ Θεός καί Πατήρ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ὁ κατά τό πολύ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος ἀναγεννήσας ἡμάς εἰς ἐλπίδα ζῶσαν διʼ ἀναστάσεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐκ νεκρῶν)
The words our and us are inclusive. They refer to Peter and those believers to whom he is writing. Your language may require you to mark these forms.
Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / possession
τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν
˱of˲_the Lord ˱of˲_us
Peter is using the possessive form to describe Jesus as the Lord who rules over those who believe in him. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: [of the person who is lord over us,] or [of the person who rules over us,]
Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns
κατὰ τὸ πολὺ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Εὐλογητός ὁ Θεός καί Πατήρ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ὁ κατά τό πολύ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος ἀναγεννήσας ἡμάς εἰς ἐλπίδα ζῶσαν διʼ ἀναστάσεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐκ νεκρῶν)
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of mercy, you can express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: [according to his great merciful character]
Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor
ἀναγεννήσας ἡμᾶς
˓having˒_born_again (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Εὐλογητός ὁ Θεός καί Πατήρ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ὁ κατά τό πολύ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος ἀναγεννήσας ἡμάς εἰς ἐλπίδα ζῶσαν διʼ ἀναστάσεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐκ νεκρῶν)
The phrase born again is a metaphor that refers to spiritual rebirth. Since this is an important metaphor in the Bible, you should keep it in your translation and include an explanation if necessary. Alternate translation: [who … has caused us to be spiritually reborn]
Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / infostructure
ἀναγεννήσας ἡμᾶς εἰς ἐλπίδα ζῶσαν, δι’ ἀναστάσεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐκ νεκρῶν
˓having˒_born_again (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Εὐλογητός ὁ Θεός καί Πατήρ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ὁ κατά τό πολύ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος ἀναγεννήσας ἡμάς εἰς ἐλπίδα ζῶσαν διʼ ἀναστάσεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐκ νεκρῶν)
The clause into a living hope is parallel to “into an imperishable and undefiled and unfading inheritance” in the next verse. If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the order of the phrases in this verse in order to show that parallel structure. Alternate translation: [who … has caused us to be born again through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from dead ones into a living hope]
Note 8 topic: grammar-connect-logic-goal
εἰς ἐλπίδα ζῶσαν
to ˓a˒_hope living
Here, into introduces a purpose clause. Peter is stating a purpose for which God causes believers to be born again. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. Alternate translation: [for the purpose of giving us a living hope]
Note 9 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor
εἰς ἐλπίδα ζῶσαν
to ˓a˒_hope living
Peter uses living to describe hope that is certain and will not lead to disappointment. If this might confuse your readers, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [into a hope that will not disappoint you]
Note 10 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns
δι’ ἀναστάσεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐκ νεκρῶν
through ˓the˒_resurrection ˱of˲_Jesus Christ from ˓the˒_dead
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of resurrection, you can express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: [through Jesus Christ being resurrected from among dead ones]
1:3 born again: New birth is a way of describing Christian conversion (cp. John 3:1-13; Jas 1:18; 1 Jn 2:29; 3:9; 4:7; 5:1, 4, 18). This Greek word, which occurs again in 1 Pet 1:23, brackets the message of 1:1-25.
OET (OET-LV) Blessed is the god and father of_the master of_us, Yaʸsous chosen_one/messiah, who according_to the great mercy of_him, having_born_again us to a_ living _hope, through the_resurrection of_Yaʸsous chosen_one/messiah from the_dead,
OET (OET-RV) May God, the father of our master Yeshua the messiah be blessed. He’s the one who, because of his incredible mercy, births us into living hope through the death and coming back to life of Yeshua the messiah.
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.