OET interlinear 1TIM 5:10

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

ἐν & μαρτυρουμένη

in & /being/_attested

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “others testifying to her good works”

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ἔργοις καλοῖς & εἰ ἐτεκνοτρόφησεν, εἰ ἐξενοδόχησεν, εἰ ἁγίων πόδας ἔνιψεν, εἰ θλιβομένοις ἐπήρκεσεν, εἰ παντὶ ἔργῳ ἀγαθῷ ἐπηκολούθησεν

works good & if ˱she˲_raised_children if ˱she˲_lodged_strangers if ˱of˲_holy_‹ones› /the/_feet ˱she˲_washed if /being/_oppressed_‹ones› ˱she˲_assisted if ˱to˲_every work good ˱she˲_followed_after

Here the clauses that begin with if could be: (1) examples of good works that the widow should have done. Alternate translation: “good works such as raising children, receiving strangers, washing the feet of the saints, relieving the afflicted, pursuing every good work” (2) separate requirements for being enrolled as a widow in need of support. Alternate translation: “good works. Let her be enrolled if she has raised children, if she has received strangers, if she has washed the feet of the saints, if she has aided the afflicted, if she has followed every good work”

ἐξενοδόχησεν

˱she˲_lodged_strangers

Alternate translations: “she has welcomed strangers into her home” or “she has practiced hospitality”

Note 3 topic: translate-unknown

ἁγίων πόδας ἔνιψεν

˱of˲_holy_‹ones› /the/_feet ˱she˲_washed

In this culture, people walked barefoot or in sandals on roads that were dusty or muddy. When they arrived at a house, usually they or a servant would wash their feet to clean off the dust or mud. Washing off someone’s feet was generally considered a menial or lowly task. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of practice, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general phrase. Alternate translation: “she has helped the saints take off their shoes when they went inside” or “she has cared for the saints who visited her”

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / synecdoche

ἁγίων πόδας ἔνιψεν

˱of˲_holy_‹ones› /the/_feet ˱she˲_washed

Here Paul may be referring to washing feet in order to: (1) give another specific example of the good works that this widow has done. Alternate translation: “she has cleaned the saints’ feet” (2) describe more generally any kind of humble service. Alternate translation: “has done humble things to help the saints” or “she has performed menial tasks for the saints”

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / nominaladj

θλιβομένοις

/being/_oppressed_‹ones›

Paul is using the adjective afflicted as a noun to mean people who are afflicted. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are afflicted”

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

θλιβομένοις

/being/_oppressed_‹ones›

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “the ones experiencing hardship” or “those whom others have afflicted”

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἐπηκολούθησεν

˱she˲_followed_after

Here, Paul speaks as if every good work were a person whom this widow followed. He means that she has worked hard always to do every good work. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “she has been eager to perform” or “she has strived to do”

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / hyperbole

παντὶ ἔργῳ ἀγαθῷ

˱to˲_every work good

Paul says every here as an overstatement for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “every kind of good work” or “very many good works”