HOS 12:14 Parallel Verse View

Note: This view shows ‘verses’ which are not natural language units and hence sometimes only part of a sentence will be visible—click on any Bible version abbreviation down the left-hand side to see the verse in more of its context. Normally the OET discourages the reading of individual ‘verses’, but this view is only designed as a tool for doing comparisons of different translations—the older translations are further down the page (so you can read up from the bottom to trace the English translation history). The OET segments on this page are still very early looks into the unfinished texts of the Open English Translation of the Bible—please double-check these texts in advance before using in public.

Text critical issues=none Clarity of original=clear Importance to us=normal (All still tentative.)

OET (OET-RV) Efrayim has provoked bitter anger,
⇔ so his master will hold him to account for bloodshed
⇔ and will turn his insults back onto himself.

Key: khaki:verbs.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).

BrLXX Καὶ ἐν προφήτῃ ἀνήγαγεν Κύριος τὸν Ἰσραὴλ ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου, καὶ ἐν προφήτῃ διεφυλάχθη.
(Kai en profaʸtaʸ anaʸgagen Kurios ton Israaʸl ek gaʸs Aiguptou, kai en profaʸtaʸ diefulaⱪthaʸ. )

BrTr And the Lord brought Israel out of the land of Egypt by a prophet, and by a prophet was he preserved.

ULT Ephraim has bitterly provoked to anger.
⇔ So his Lord will leave his bloodguilt on him
⇔ and will turn back his reproach to him.

UST The people of Israel have caused Yahweh to become very angry;
⇔ their Lord says that they are guilty of the death of many, and that their guilt remains on them.
⇔ He will pay them back because they have insulted him with their shameful deeds.

BSB Ephraim has provoked bitter anger,
⇔ so his Lord will leave his bloodguilt upon him
⇔ and repay him for his contempt.

OEB ⇔ Ephraim has given bitter provocation.
⇔ His Lord will leave upon him his guilt of bloodshed,
⇔ and for his contempt he will repay him.

WEBBE Ephraim has bitterly provoked anger.
⇔ Therefore his blood will be left on him,
⇔ and his Lord[fn] will repay his contempt.

12:14 The word translated “Lord” is “Adonai.”

WMBB Ephraim has bitterly provoked anger.
⇔ Therefore his blood will be left on him,
⇔ and his Lord[fn] will repay his contempt.

12:14 The word translated “Lord” (mixed case) is “Adonai.”

NET But Ephraim bitterly provoked him to anger;
⇔ so he will hold him accountable for the blood he has shed,
⇔ his Lord will repay him for the contempt he has shown.

LSV Ephraim has most bitterly provoked,
And he leaves his blood on himself,
And his Lord turns his reproach back to him!”

FBV Ephraim has really upset the Lord, and the Lord will let them have the consequences of their bloodshed and pay them back for their contempt.

T4T But now the people of Israel have caused Yahweh to become very angry;
⇔ Yahweh says that they deserve to die because they caused many others to die [MTY];
⇔ he will pay them back for the sins that they have committed against him and for insulting him.

LEB • Ephraim has caused bitter provocation, and his Lord will hold him responsible for his crimes[fn]
• and pay back to him his insults.

12:1 Literally “will bring down on him his blood”

BBE I have been bitterly moved to wrath by Ephraim; so that his blood will be on him, and the Lord will make his shame come back on him.

Moff Ephraim has provoked God bitterly;
⇔ so I will crush him suddenly,
⇔ and repay him for his insults.

JPS (12-15) Ephraim hath provoked most bitterly; therefore shall his blood be cast upon him, and his reproach shall his Lord return unto him.

ASV Ephraim hath provoked to anger most bitterly: therefore shall his blood be left upon him, and his reproach shall his Lord return unto him.

DRA Ephraim hath provoked me to wrath with his bitterness, and his blood shall come upon him, and his Lord will render his reproach unto him.

YLT Ephraim hath provoked most bitterly, And his blood on himself he leaveth, And his reproach turn back to him doth his Lord!

Drby Ephraim provoked [him] to anger most bitterly; and his Lord shall leave his blood upon him, and recompense unto him his reproach.

RV Ephraim hath provoked to anger most bitterly: therefore shall his blood be left upon him, and his reproach shall his Lord return unto him.
(Ephraim hath/has provoked to anger most bitterly: therefore shall his blood be left upon him, and his reproach shall his Lord return unto him. )

SLT Ephraim provoked bitternesses, and bloods shall fly swiftly upon him, and his reproach shall his Lord turn back to him.

Wbstr Ephraim provoked him to anger most bitterly: therefore will he leave his blood upon him, and his reproach will his Lord return to him.

KJB-1769 Ephraim provoked him to anger most bitterly: therefore shall he leave his blood upon him, and his reproach shall his Lord return unto him.[fn][fn]

12.14 most…: Heb. with bitternesses

12.14 blood: Heb. bloods

KJB-1611 [fn][fn]Ephraim prouoked him to anger, most bitterly: therefore shall he leaue his blood vpon him, and his reproch shall his LORD returne vnto him.
(Ephraim provoked him to anger, most bitterly: therefore shall he leave his blood upon him, and his reproach shall his LORD return unto him.)

12:14 Hebr. with bitternesses.

12:14 Hebr. bloods.

Bshps But Ephraim hath prouoked him to displeasure through his abhominations, therfore shall his blood be powred vpon him selfe, and the Lorde his God shall rewarde him his blasphemies.
(But Ephraim hath/has provoked him to displeasure through his abomination/disgusting_things/disgusting_things, therefore shall his blood be poured upon himself, and the Lord his God shall reward him his blasphemies.)

Gnva But Ephraim prouoked him with hie places: therefore shall his blood be powred vpon him, and his reproche shall his Lord reward him.
(But Ephraim provoked him with high places: therefore shall his blood be poured upon him, and his reproach shall his Lord reward him. )

Cvdl But Ephraim hath prouoked him to displeasure thorow his abhominacions: therfore shal his bloude be poured vpon him self, and the LORDE his God shal rewarde him his blasphemies.
(But Ephraim hath/has provoked him to displeasure through his abomination/disgusting_things/disgusting_things: therefore shall his blood be poured upon him self, and the LORD his God shall reward him his blasphemies.)

Wycl Effraym terride me to wrathfulnesse in hise bitternessis, and the blood of hym schal come on hym; and his Lord schal restore to hym the schenschipe of him.
(Ephraim terride me to wrathfulness in his bitternesses, and the blood of him shall come on him; and his Lord shall restore to him the harm/trouble of him.)

Luth Aber hernach führete der HErr Israel aus Ägypten durch einen Propheten und ließ sein hüten durch einen Propheten.
(But afterwards led the/of_the LORD Israel out_of Egypt through a prophet(s) and left/let be guard through a prophet(s).)

ClVg Ad iracundiam me provocavit Ephraim in amaritudinibus suis: et sanguis ejus super eum veniet, et opprobrium ejus restituet ei Dominus suus.]
(To anger me he_challenged Ephraim in/into/on bitterness to_his_own: and blood his over him will_come, and reproach his will_restore to_him Master it's.] )

SOTN SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 11:12–12:14: Israel is deceitful and refuses to return to the LORD

In this section, the LORD accuses both Israel and Judah of wrongdoing, but then focuses on the wicked behavior of Israel (11:12–12:1). Hosea continues to describe Israel, giving examples from the life of their ancestor Jacob to show that Israel followed his bad behavior (12:2–8). The LORD then reminded the people how they had responded wickedly when he led them in the past (12:9–11). Hosea concludes this section by comparing Jacob’s care of sheep in Aram with the LORD’s care of his people through a prophet or prophets.

Here are some other examples of section headings:

Israel’s Sin (NIV)

Israel and Judah Are Condemned (GNT)

Paragraph 12:12–14

This paragraph compares/contrasts Jacob and the LORD. Jacob took care of sheep in Aram to attain a wife. The LORD took care of the people in Sinai by sending a prophet. Yet Israel provoked the LORD’s anger, and he will hold them accountable.

Hosea is probably the speaker in this paragraph. This is suggested by the use of the phrase “the/his LORD” rather than “I.”

12:14

Notice the parallel parts that are similar in meaning:

^14aEphraim has provoked bitter anger,

^14bso his Lord will leave his bloodguilt upon him

^14cand repay him for his contempt.

There is an ellipsis in the third line. In some languages, it may be necessary to supply the missing words from the second line. For example:

^14cand he/his Lord will repay him for his contempt.

In these lines, Hosea tells the Israelites that the LORD will judge them. The first line is a general statement. The second and third lines give more detail.

This verse has some similarities to 12:2.Both have a similar structure, a general statement followed by two lines that give more detail. Both use the expression “he will repay.” Both have the same purpose, to declare judgment against Israel. Andersen and Freedman (pages 622–623).

12:14a

Ephraim has provoked bitter anger,

Yet Israel’s/Ephraim’s sinful conduct has caused Yahweh to feel deep/strong anger against him.
Nevertheless, they incited/provoked intense rage in Yahweh,

The BSB and the Hebrew text leave implied the connection between this verse and the previous one. Some other versions do the same.

Some versions think that there is an implicit contrast to the previous verse and supply the word “But” to indicate it. Indicate the connection of this verse to 12:13 in a natural way in your language. For example:

But Ephraim has bitterly provoked him to anger… (NIV)

Ephraim has provoked bitter anger: The phrase provoked…anger means “caused someone to become angry.”TWOT (#1016). Hebrew and some English versions do not make explicit that the LORD is the one Ephraim has provoked. For example:

Ephraim gave bitter provocation (REB)

Some versions make this information explicit for clarity. For example:

But the people of Israel have bitterly provoked the Lord (NLT)

But Ephraim bitterly provoked him to anger (NET)

Ephraim: As in many places in Hosea, the name Ephraim represents the people of Israel, as in the NLT quoted above.

provoked…anger: In Hebrew, this verb phrase is one word. There is no separate word for anger. Some versions leave the idea of anger implied. For example:

Ephraim gave bitter provocation (NJB)

Other versions make it make it explicit. For example:

Ephraim bitterly provoked him to anger (NET)

In some languages, it may be more natural to focus on the LORD’s anger caused by Ephraim’s provocation. For example:

But Ephraim has aroused his bitter anger (NIV2011)

The people of Israel have made the Lord bitterly angry (GNT)

bitter: The form of the Hebrew word here is literally “bitternesses (plur).” It indicates the bitter manner in which Ephraim provoked the LORD.There is a strong consensus in the commentaries that “bitternesses” functions here as an adverb of manner. They probably provoked him by persisting in the sins listed in 12:7–8, 11.The bitterness does not refer to Ephraim’s bitter emotions against the LORD. Nothing in the preceding context hints at such an emotional response. Pusey (page 124) points out that the literal “with bitternesses” indicates that they provoked the LORD “with the most heinous sins, such as are most grievously displeasing to God.”

The plural form indicates intensity. It implies “very bitterly provoked to anger.”A noun that functions as an adverbial accusative. HALOT (electronic edition, page 1758) and the NET footnote on “bitterly.” In Hebrew, the adjective form bitter means “bitter, strong.”TWOT (#1248a). Here it probably implies that Ephraim’s bitter provocation caused the LORD to experience a correspondingly bitter or strong anger.According to TWOT (#1016), in the 45 instances of the Hiphil form of “provoke to anger,” a common theme is that God’s covenant people have aroused his wrath by means of their unfaithfulness. NIDOTTE (#4087) also mentions Hosea 12:14 as “one of the earliest examples of divine anger.” See the NIV2011 and GNT quoted below.

12:14b

so his Lord will leave his bloodguilt upon him

So his Lord/master will hold him accountable for his murders,
and he will not forgive them for the blood they have shed.

so his Lord will leave his bloodguilt upon him: This clause is more literally “and his bloods on him he will leave.”

This expression probably means that God holds Ephraim (the people of Israel) accountable for his crimes, particularly the murders he has committed. God will not forgive Ephraim by removing the guilt. Instead, he will leave the guilt on Ephraim. The implication is that Ephraim will be punished accordingly.This view assumes that the Hebrew word “bloods (pl)” refers here to murders committed by Ephraim. See Keil (page 99), Stuart (pages 195–196), and Hubbard (page 211). Compare to 1 Kings 2:32–33. Here are some other examples:

so he will hold him accountable for the blood he has shed (NET)

He will hold them guilty of murder (GW)

his Lord: In the Hebrew text his Lord comes at the end of 14c. The BSB and many other versions place it here to conform to natural English. The pronoun his refers to Ephraim.

The Hebrew word for Lord here is ʾadon, “lord,”Literally ʾadonaw “his Lords (plur).” McComiskey (page 211) suggests that the plural ending denotes the plural of majesty. The variation in vocalization distinguishes this use as a sacred name from uses that refer to human beings. not Yahweh. Versions indicate this by translating this word as Lord, not as “Lord” or “LORD.”

his bloodguilt: In Hebrew, this phrase is “his bloods.” The plural form of the word “blood” often refers to bloodshed/murders. The word can also indicate bloodguilt/accountability for a murder.BDB (#1818) 1g. Also Andersen and Freedman (pages 622–623), McComiskey (page 211), Davies (page 283), Macintosh (page 515), and Patterson and Hill (page 76).

The word can imply crimes so severe that the person who commits them deserves capital punishment.Stuart (pages 195–196) and Garrett (page 247). Some versions make this meaning explicit. For example:

They deserve death for their crimes. (GNT)

12:14c

and repay him for his contempt.

and he will repay Israel/Ephraim what he deserves for his defiance.
He will punish them appropriately for the scorn they have shown.

and repay him for his contempt: The meaning of this clause is similar to 14b. It means to give back to Ephraim an appropriate payment for his contempt. In this context, the Hebrew word for repay means “to pay back” or “requite evil.”DCH (Vol. 8, page 292) h. Here are some other ways to translate this clause:

Their Lord will punish them for the disgrace they have brought on him. (GNT)

His Lord will repay him for his insult. (NJB)

contempt: The Hebrew word means “reproach,” “reviling,” “taunt.” It often has a connotation of blaming or scorning someone.TWOT (#749a). Here it may indicate contempt for the LORD and/or his law.Keil (page 99), Garrett (page 247), and Stuart (pages 195–196). Here are some other ways to translate it:

his mockery (NJPS)

his insults (NRSV)