HOS 12:2 Parallel Verse View

Note: This view shows ‘verses’ which are not natural language units and hence sometimes only part of a sentence will be visible—click on any Bible version abbreviation down the left-hand side to see the verse in more of its context. Normally the OET discourages the reading of individual ‘verses’, but this view is only designed as a tool for doing comparisons of different translations—the older translations are further down the page (so you can read up from the bottom to trace the English translation history). The OET segments on this page are still very early looks into the unfinished texts of the Open English Translation of the Bible—please double-check these texts in advance before using in public.

Text critical issues=none Clarity of original=clear Importance to us=normal (All still tentative.)

OET (OET-RV) ⇔ Yahweh also has a dispute with Yehudah,
⇔ and will punish Yakov for what they’ve done.
⇔ He will repay them according to how they behaved.

Key: khaki:verbs, green:YHWH.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).

BrLXX Ὁ δὲ Ἐφραὶμ πονηρὸν πνεῦμα, ἐδίωξε καύσωνα ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν· κενὰ καὶ μάταια ἐπλήθυνε, καὶ διαθήκην μετὰ Ἀσσυρίων διέθετο, καὶ ἔλαιον εἰς Αἴγυπτον ἐνεπορεύετο.
(Ho de Efraim ponaʸron pneuma, ediōxe kausōna holaʸn taʸn haʸmeran; kena kai mataia eplaʸthune, kai diathaʸkaʸn meta Assuriōn dietheto, kai elaion eis Aigupton eneporeueto. )

BrTr But Ephraim is an evil spirit, he has chased the east wind all the day: he has multiplied empty and vain things, and made a covenant with the Assyrians, and oil has gone in the way of traffic into Egypt.

ULT Yahweh also has a dispute with Judah,
⇔ and will punish Jacob according to his ways;
⇔ he will repay him according to his deeds.

UST Yahweh is also accusing the people of Judah of breaking his covenant.
⇔ He will punish those descendants of Jacob for what they have done.
⇔ He will pay them back; he will give them what they deserve.

BSB The LORD has a charge to bring against Judah.
⇔ He will punish Jacob[fn] according to his ways
⇔ and repay him according to his deeds.

12:2 Jacob means he grasps the heel or he deceives.

OEB The Lord has a charge to bring against Israel,
⇔ to punish Jacob for his acts,
⇔ according to his deeds will he requite him,

WEBBE The LORD also has a controversy with Judah,
⇔ and will punish Jacob according to his ways;
⇔ according to his deeds he will repay him.

WMBB (Same as above)

NET The Lord also has a covenant lawsuit against Judah;
⇔ he will punish Jacob according to his ways
⇔ and repay him according to his deeds.

LSV And YHWH has a controversy with Judah,
To lay a charge on Jacob according to his ways,
He returns to him according to his doings.

FBV The Lord also has an accusation against Judah, and will punish Jacob for the way the people act; he will repay them for what they have done.

T4T Yahweh says that he will bring accusations against the leaders of Judah,
⇔ and that he will punish the descendants of Jacob for what they have done.

LEB • Yahweh has a quarrel[fn] with Judah and will punish Jacob according to his ways
• and repay him according to his deeds.

12:1 This word in Hebrew conveys a legal setting

BBE The Lord has a cause against Judah, and will give punishment to Jacob for his ways; he will give him the reward of his acts.

Moff The Eternal arraigns Israel,
⇔ to punish Jacob for his doings,
⇔ to requite him for his deeds.

JPS (12-3) The LORD hath also a controversy with Judah, and will punish Jacob according to his ways, according to his doings will He recompense him.

ASV Jehovah hath also a controversy with Judah, and will punish Jacob according to his ways; according to his doings will he recompense him.

DRA Therefore there is a judgment of the Lord with Juda, and a visitation for Jacob: he will render to him according to his ways, and according to his devices.

YLT And a controversy hath Jehovah with Judah, To lay a charge on Jacob according to his ways, According to his doings He returneth to him.

Drby Jehovah hath also a controversy with Judah, and he will punish Jacob according to his ways; according to his doings will he recompense him.

RV The LORD hath also a controversy with Judah, and will punish Jacob according to his ways; according to his doings will he recompense him.
(The LORD hath/has also a controversy with Yudah, and will punish Jacob according to his ways; according to his doings will he recompense him. )

SLT And a contention to Jehovah with Judah, and to review Jacob according to his ways; he will turn back to him according to his doings.

Wbstr The LORD hath also a controversy with Judah, and will punish Jacob according to his ways; according to his doings will he recompense him.

KJB-1769 The LORD hath also a controversy with Judah, and will punish Jacob according to his ways; according to his doings will he recompense him.[fn]
(The LORD hath/has also a controversy with Yudah, and will punish Jacob according to his ways; according to his doings will he recompense him. )

12.2 punish: Heb. visit upon

KJB-1611 [fn]The LORD hath also a controuersie with Iudah, and will punish Iacob according to his wayes, according to his doings will he recompense him.
(Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above, apart from punctuation and footnotes)

12:2 Heb. visit vpon.

Bshps The Lorde hath a controuersie with Iuda, and wyll visite Iacob accordyng to his wayes, accordyng to their owne inuentions wyll he recompence them.
(The Lord hath/has a controversy with Yuda, and will visit Yacob according to his ways, according to their own inventions will he recompense them.)

Gnva The Lord hath also a controuersie with Iudah, and will visite Iaakob, according to his waies: according to his workes, wil he recompence him.
(The Lord hath/has also a controversy with Yudah, and will visit Yacob, according to his ways: according to his works, will he recompense him. )

Cvdl The LORDE hath a courte to holde with Iuda, and wil punysh Iacob: After their owne waies and acordinge to their owne inuencions, shal he recompence them.
(The LORD hath/has a court to hold with Yuda, and will punish Yacob: After their own ways and according to their own inventions, shall he recompense them.)

Wycl Therfor the doom of the Lord is with Juda, and visityng is on Jacob; bi the weies of hym, and bi the fyndyngis of hym he schal yelde to hym.
(Therefore the judgement of the Lord is with Yuda, and visiting is on Yacob; by the ways of him, and by the findings of him he shall yield to him.)

Luth Ephraim aber weidet sich vom Winde und läuft dem Ostwinde nach und macht täglich der Abgötterei und des Schadens mehr; sie machen mit Assur einen Bund und bringen Balsam nach Ägypten.
(Ephraim but grazes itself/yourself/themselves from_the winds and running to_him east_winds after and power daily the/of_the idolatry and the damage/harm(n)s more; they/she/them make with Assur a federation/agreement and bring/get balsam/balm/lotion after Egypt.)

ClVg Judicium ergo Domini cum Juda, et visitatio super Jacob: juxta vias ejus, et juxta adinventiones ejus reddet ei.
(Judgement therefore Master when/with Yuda, and a_visit over Yacob: next_to ways/roads his, and next_to inventions his will_return to_him. )

SOTN SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 11:12–12:14: Israel is deceitful and refuses to return to the LORD

In this section, the LORD accuses both Israel and Judah of wrongdoing, but then focuses on the wicked behavior of Israel (11:12–12:1). Hosea continues to describe Israel, giving examples from the life of their ancestor Jacob to show that Israel followed his bad behavior (12:2–8). The LORD then reminded the people how they had responded wickedly when he led them in the past (12:9–11). Hosea concludes this section by comparing Jacob’s care of sheep in Aram with the LORD’s care of his people through a prophet or prophets.

Here are some other examples of section headings:

Israel’s Sin (NIV)

Israel and Judah Are Condemned (GNT)

Paragraph 12:2–6

In this paragraph and also in 12:12, Hosea gives examples from the life of Jacob. Scholars do not agree on the purpose of the examples. There are two main views:

These examples show the similarity between Jacob and his descendants. Jacob set a bad example and his descendants followed it.
These examples show the contrast between Jacob and his descendants. Jacob set a good example but his descendants did not follow it.

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1). Hosea 12:2 says that the LORD will punish Jacob according to his ways. Examples from Jacob’s life immediately follow in 12:3. It is reasonable to assume that these are examples of behavior or character traits that deserve punishment. Most versions and commentaries support this interpretation.A number of versions make interpretation (1) explicit, especially in 12:3. See the comments on that verse for examples. No versions make interpretation (2) explicit. Commentaries that favor interpretation (1) include Davies, Hubbard, Dearman, Garrett, Macintosh, and McComiskey. Some who favor interpretation (2) are Stuart, Keil, and Wood. For more details, see the following notes on these verses.

12:2a–c

Notice the parallel parts that are similar in meaning:

^2a The Lord also brings a charge against Judah.

^2b He will punish Jacob according to his ways

^2cand repay him according to his deeds.

There is an ellipsis in the third line. In some languages, it may be necessary to supply the missing words from the second line. For example:

^2cand He will repay him according to his deeds

In these lines, Hosea tells the descendants of Jacob that the LORD will punish them. The first line is a general statement. The second and third lines give more detail. He includes the people of Judah and the people of Israel. He will punish them fairly, just as they deserve.

12:2a

The LORD also brings a charge against Judah.

¶ Yahweh has a complaint/quarrel against the people of Judah,
¶ Yahweh accuses Judah of wickedness.

The LORD also brings a charge against Judah: Here Judah is parallel with “Jacob” in line 2b. This line is a figure of speech (synecdoche) in which Judah refers to all the descendants of Jacob. So the charge against the southern kingdom of Judah is also a charge against the northern kingdom of Israel.Stuart (page 190) suggests that this is an example of ascending parallelism in which a smaller subset of the whole (i.e. Judah) comes first in order. Although Judah is mentioned first, the charge is against the whole people. Others that agree both kingdoms are in view are Keil, Dearman, McComiskey, Hubbard, and Wood.

charge: The Hebrew word means “to fight with words,” as in a quarrel or a legal case. The same word is used in Hosea 4:1, where the BSB translates it as “case.” In both verses, some English versions use an expression that refers to an actual trial.Some who understand it as legal terminology describing a court case are Hubbard (page 202), McComiskey (page 200), Dearman (pages 299–302), and Stuart (page 190). For example:

The Lord also has a covenant lawsuit against Judah (NET)

But this verse may refer to an informal accusation. If possible, use a general expression that could be understood as either a formal or an informal accusation.Some who say that it may not describe a lawsuit or court case are Garrett (page 236) and Davies (page 272). For example:

The Lord has an accusation to bring against the people of Judah (GNT)

12:2b

He will punish Jacob according to his ways

and he will punish Jacob for the evil he has done.
He will fairly judge all the descendants of Jacob for their crimes.

He will punish Jacob according to his ways: This clause means that the LORD will punish Jacob fairly. The expression punish…according to his ways indicates the degree or extent of punishment. The punishment will be exactly what people deserve. It will not be too much or too little. The expression his ways refers to his sinful conduct. Here are some other ways to translate this expression:

he will punish Jacob as his conduct merits (NJB)

He is about to punish Jacob for all his deceitful ways (NLT)

punishes Jacob because of the way their people act (GW)

Jacob: Jacob is the ancestor of the people of Israel and Judah. But here Jacob is a figure of speech (metonymy) in which the name represents all his descendants. Some versions make this meaning explicit. For example:

the descendants of Jacob (CEV)

12:2c

and repay him according to his deeds.

He will give back to him exactly what he deserves.
He will pay them back based on what their deeds deserve.

and repay him according to his deeds: The meaning of this line is very similar to 2b. The Hebrew word for repay means “to give back.”HALOT (electronic edition, page 1432) 4b. Here the word deeds refers to wicked actions.Hubbard (page 202). This line describes the LORD’s punishment of the people of Israel. As in the previous line, the expression according to his deeds means that the extent of the LORD’s punishment will be exactly what the descendants of Jacob deserve. Here are some other ways to translate this line:

he will give them what they deserve (NCV)