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Key: khaki:verbs.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).
BrLXXΚαὶ ἐβασίλευσε βασιλεὺς Βαβυλῶνος τὸν Βατθανίαν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἀντʼ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐπέθηκε τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ, Σεδεκία. (Kai ebasileuse basileus Babulōnos ton Batthanian huion autou antʼ autou, kai epethaʸke to onoma autou, Sedekia. )
BrTrAnd the king of Babylon made [fn]Batthanias his son king in his stead, and called his name Sedekias.
JPSAnd the king of Babylon made Mattaniah his father's brother king in his stead, and changed his name to Zedekiah.
ASVAnd the king of Babylon made Mattaniah, Jehoiachin’s father’s brother, king in his stead, and changed his name to Zedekiah.
DRAAnd he appointed Matthanias his uncle in his stead: and called his name Sedecias.
YLTAnd the king of Babylon causeth Mattaniah his father's brother to reign in his stead, and turneth his name to Zedekiah.
DrbyAnd the king of Babylon made Mattaniah his uncle king in his stead, and changed his name to Zedekiah.
RVAnd the king of Babylon made Mattaniah his father’s brother king in his stead, and changed his name to Zedekiah.
WbstrAnd the king of Babylon made Mattaniah his father's brother king in his stead, and changed his name to Zedekiah.
KJB-1769¶ And the king of Babylon made Mattaniah his father’s brother king in his stead, and changed his name to Zedekiah.
KJB-1611¶ [fn]And the king of Babylon made Mattaniah his fathers brother king in his stead, and changed his name to Zedekiah. (Same as from KJB-1769 above, apart from punctuation and footnotes)
BshpsAnd the king of Babylon made Mathania his fathers brother king in his steade, and chaunged his name to Zedekia. (And the king of Babylon made Mathania his fathers brother king in his stead, and chaunged his name to Zedekia.)
GnvaAnd the King of Babel made Mattaniah his vncle King in his steade, and changed his name to Zedekiah. (And the King of Babel made Mattaniah his uncle King in his stead, and changed his name to Zedekiah. )
CvdlAnd the kynge of Babilon made Matania his vncle kynge in his steade, and turned his name Sedechias. (And the king of Babilon made Matania his uncle king in his stead, and turned his name Sedechias.)
WyclAnd he ordeynede Mathanye, the brother of his fadir, for hym; and puttide to hym the name Sedechie. (And he ordained Mathanye, the brother of his father, for him; and put to him the name Sedechie.)
LuthUnd der König von Babel machte Mathanja, seinen Vetter, zum Könige an seiner Statt und wandelte seinen Namen Zidekia. (And the/of_the king from Babel made Mathanya, his Vetter, for_the kings/king at his instead_of and walked his name(s) Zidekia.)
ClVgEt constituit Matthaniam patruum ejus pro eo: imposuitque nomen ei Sedeciam. (And constituit Matthaniam patruum his for eo: imposuitque nomen to_him Sedeciam. )
One of the most significant events in the story of the Old Testament is the exile of Judah to Babylon in 586 B.C. This event–actually the third in a series of exiles to Babylon (the others occurring in 605 B.C. and 597 B.C.)–precipitated several crises in the nation and in Judaism. The northern kingdom of Israel had already been exiled to Assyria over a century earlier in 722 B.C. (2 Kings 15:29; 17:1-6; 1 Chronicles 5:26; see also “Israelites Are Exiled to Assyria” map), and in some ways that exile was even more devastating. Nevertheless, the Temple of the Lord remained intact in Jerusalem as a place where the faithful could continue to offer their sacrifices. With the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple of the Lord at the hands of the Babylonians, however, sacrifices could no longer be offered at the Tabernacle or Temple of the Lord (Leviticus 17:2-4; Deuteronomy 12:5-7), and the Lord’s promise to provide a land for his people and a descendant on the throne of David no doubt seemed abandoned. At the same time, however, the Judean exiles were allowed to maintain their religious traditions in Babylon, and many even began to thrive there, including Daniel and his friends, who served at the royal court (Daniel 1; see also “The Land of Exile” map). One of the last kings of Babylon expanded Babylonia further by capturing the desert oases of Dumah, Tema, Dedan, and Yathrib (see “Oases of the Arabian Desert” map), but eventually the Median Empire to the north merged with the Persian Empire to the southeast and conquered the Babylonian Empire. King Cyrus of Persia then decreed that the exiled Judeans, now called “Jews,” could return to their homeland if they desired (2 Chronicles 36:22-23; Ezra 1-2; see also “Jews Return from Exile” map).
Nebuchadnezzar’s Final Campaign against Judah
2 Kings 23:19-25:30; Jeremiah 39
The final collapse of the southern kingdom of Judah as an independent nation came at the hands of King Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon in 586 B.C. Judah had already become a vassal of Egypt in 609 B.C. when King Josiah was killed by Pharaoh Neco at Megiddo (see “Josiah Battles Neco” map). Then in 605 B.C., after Egypt and Assyria were defeated by Nebuchadnezzar at Carchemish, Judah’s vassal loyalty transferred to Babylon. At that time, some of the Judean nobility were sent into exile, including Daniel and his friends (Daniel 1:1-7). Several years later in 597 B.C. a second exile occurred in retaliation for King Jehoiakim’s refusal to continue paying tribute to Babylon, and this likely included the prophet Ezekiel (Ezekiel 1:1-3). Finally, in 586 B.C. Nebuchadnezzar conquered many of the fortified towns throughout Judah and destroyed Jerusalem and the Temple after King Zedekiah refused to submit to his Babylonian overlords any longer. Nebuchadnezzar began this campaign into Judah by heading south along the Great Trunk Road and dividing his forces near Aphek, sending some of them to Jerusalem from the north and others from the southwest. At some point during his siege of Jerusalem, King Hophra of Egypt advanced toward Judah to support Judah’s rebellion against Babylon, and Nebuchadnezzar lifted the siege to confront Hophra (Jeremiah 37:5-8). It is unclear exactly what transpired between Hophra’s forces and Nebuchadnezzar’s forces, but apparently Hophra’s forces returned to Egypt, and Nebuchadnezzar’s forces returned to finish besieging Jerusalem. When the Babylonians finally breached the main northern wall, it became clear that all hope was lost, and King Zedekiah and his sons fled on horseback through a gate at the southeastern corner of Jerusalem (see “Jerusalem during the Early Old Testament” map). They followed the Ascent of Adummim toward Jericho, perhaps seeking to escape to Ammon, but the Babylonians captured Zedekiah and his sons on the plains of Jericho and sent them to Riblah. There they killed Zedekiah’s sons, blinded Zedekiah, and sent him to Babylon to die in exile. After completely destroying Jerusalem and the Temple, the Babylonians sent many other Judean nobles and their families to Babylon (see “Judah Is Exiled to Babylon” map) and appointed a Judean named Gedaliah as governor over the region at Mizpah, thus bringing an end to the independent kingdom of Judah. Around this time it also appears that the Edomites took advantage of Judah’s vulnerable situation and captured territory for themselves in the Negev. In response, the prophets Obadiah and Ezekiel pronounced blistering curses upon the Edomites (Obadiah 1:1-21; Ezekiel 25:12-14).
