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OET interlinear HOS 4:18

◄ ← HOS 4:18 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. סָר
    2. 521659
    3. It has come to an end
    4. -
    5. 5493
    6. V-Vqp3ms
    7. it_has_come_to_an_end
    8. S
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364539
    1. סָבְאָ,ם
    2. 521660,521661
    3. drink of their
    4. drinking
    5. 5435
    6. S-Ncmsc,Sp3mp
    7. drink_of,their
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364540
    1. הַזְנֵה
    2. 521662
    3. continually (prostitute themselves)
    4. ≈prostitute continually
    5. 2181
    6. S-Vha
    7. continually_(prostitute_themselves)
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364541
    1. הִזְנוּ
    2. 521663
    3. they have prostituted themselves
    4. -
    5. 2181
    6. V-Vhp3cp
    7. they_have_prostituted_themselves
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364542
    1. אָהֲבוּ
    2. 521664
    3. they have loved
    4. -
    5. 157
    6. V-Vqp3cp
    7. they_have_loved
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364543
    1. הֵבוּ
    2. 521665
    3. love
    4. love
    5. 157
    6. V-Vqv2mp
    7. love
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364544
    1. קָלוֹן
    2. 521666
    3. shame
    4. shame
    5. 7036
    6. O-Ncmsa
    7. shame
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364545
    1. מָגִנֶּֽי,הָ
    2. 521667,521668
    3. shields of its
    4. rulers
    5. 4043
    6. S-Ncbpc,Sp3fs
    7. shields_of,its
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364546
    2. 521669
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 364547

OET (OET-LV) drink_of_their It_has_come_to_an_end continually_(prostitute_themselves) they_have_prostituted_themselves they_have_loved love shame shields_of_its.

OET (OET-RV) Even when their drinking is over,
 ⇔ they prostitute themselves continually.
 ⇔ Her rulers dearly love their shame.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 4:11b–19: The Sinful People

This section shows how much the people of Israel were committed to sexual sin and idolatry. They were stubborn and refused to return to the LORD. As a result, the LORD promised to discipline them so that in time they would be ashamed of their idolatry.

Here are some other examples of section headings:

The Lord Condemns Pagan Worship (GNT)

Worship in Israel is idolatrous and debauched (NJB)

The previous section focused primarily on the priests. This section focuses on the people as a group. A section heading may be appropriate here if you chose interpretation (1) in 4:10d–11b. In that case this section would begin with a new sentence. A section heading is not recommended if you chose interpretation (2) or (3), because the heading would interrupt a sentence.

Paragraph 4:15–19

This paragraph gives more details about the immorality, drunkenness, and idol worship of the people of Israel.

4:18a–19b

There is a slight change in reference from 4:18a to 4:18b. Verse 4:18a refers to the people in general, whereas 4:18b specifies the rulers. The pronouns “them/their” in 4:19a–b probably refers to the rulers as well as the people, because both groups were taken into exile.

4:18a

When their liquor is gone, they turn to prostitution;

When their liquor is gone, they turn to prostitution: The RSV has “A band of drunkards, they give themselves to harlotry.” The MT has “[when] it has come to an end their drink, they have continually prostituted themselves.” HOTTP recommends following the MT here as in the NRSV “When their drinking is ended, they indulge in sexual orgies.” These clauses describe the Israelites’ regular pattern of behavior. As part of their idol worship, the people regularly became drunk and then had sexual relations with prostitutes.

Here are some other ways to translate these clauses:

You get drunk, then sleep with prostitutes (CEV)

They consume their alcohol, then engage in cult prostitution (NET)

they turn to prostitution: In Hebrew, this phrase is literally “committing fornication they have committed fornication.” The purpose of this repetition is to emphasize the meaning.

Here are some ways to express this emphasis:

they delight in their prostitution (GNT)

they continue to have sex with the prostitutes (GW)

they indulge in sexual orgies (NRSV)

Use a natural way in your language to emphasize their immoral behavior.

4:18b

their rulers dearly love disgrace.

their rulers dearly love disgrace: There is a textual issue here. The Notes will discuss the two main options:

  1. The Masoretic Text probably has “its shields have loved, love shame.” The word “shields” here is figurative. It means rulers or “leaders.” For example:

    Their rulers dearly love to act shamefully. (GW)

    their rulers dearly love shame (ESV) (BSB, ESV, GW, KJV, NASB, NIV)

  2. The LXX has “they love disgrace more than their pride.” It means that the people love shameful behavior more than honorable behavior. For example:

    preferring disgrace to honor (GNT) (CEV, GNT, NJB, NRSV, REB)

It is recommended that you follow option (1). Both options have some unusual word forms or uses, but the MT makes reasonable sense. The guideline for TN is to follow the MT unless there is strong reason to do otherwise.The Hebrew text is uncertain here. The word that the BSB translates as “disgrace” may be taken to read “of shame/insolence” instead. For example, the NET has: “they dearly love their shameful behavior.” Other versions that understand the Hebrew text to say “of shame/insolence” are the NCV and NJPS. The HOTTP recommends the MT with a B rating (almost certain). It suggests “shields/princes.” However, both options have good version support, so it is recommended that you give the other option in a footnote. Here is a possible footnote:

This is what the Masoretic Text probably means. The LXX (Septuagint) means that the people love shameful behavior more than their honor or pride.

dearly love: In Hebrew, the repeated words “have loved, love” may intensify the meaning of love.This is the explanation given by McComiskey (page 72) and Wood (page 189).

disgrace: This phrase refers to immoral behavior.

uW Translation Notes:

(Occurrence 0) her rulers dearly love their shame

(Some words not found in UHB: gone drink_of,their to_commit_prostitution indulge_in_sexual_orgies love love_! shame shields_of,its )

The rulers are not ashamed of what they are doing when they worship idols and turn against Yahweh.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. drink of their
    2. drinking
    3. 5476,1978
    5. 521660,521661
    6. S-Ncmsc,Sp3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364540
    1. It has come to an end
    2. -
    3. 5510
    5. 521659
    6. V-Vqp3ms
    8. S
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364539
    1. continually (prostitute themselves)
    2. ≈prostitute continually
    3. 2126
    5. 521662
    6. S-Vha
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364541
    1. they have prostituted themselves
    2. -
    3. 2126
    5. 521663
    6. V-Vhp3cp
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364542
    1. they have loved
    2. -
    3. 643
    5. 521664
    6. V-Vqp3cp
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364543
    1. love
    2. love
    3. 3353
    5. 521665
    6. V-Vqv2mp
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364544
    1. shame
    2. shame
    3. 6955
    5. 521666
    6. O-Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364545
    1. shields of its
    2. rulers
    3. 4654,1978
    5. 521667,521668
    6. S-Ncbpc,Sp3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364546

OET (OET-LV) drink_of_their It_has_come_to_an_end continually_(prostitute_themselves) they_have_prostituted_themselves they_have_loved love shame shields_of_its.

OET (OET-RV) Even when their drinking is over,
 ⇔ they prostitute themselves continually.
 ⇔ Her rulers dearly love their shame.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← HOS 4:18 ↑ → ► ║ ©