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Hos C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14

Hos 4 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19

OET interlinear HOS 4:12

◄ ← HOS 4:12 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. עַמִּ,י
    2. 521514,521515
    3. People of my
    4. -
    6. S-Ncmsc,Sp1cs
    7. people_of,my
    8. S
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364428
    1. בְּ,עֵצ,וֹ
    2. 521516,521517,521518
    3. by wood of his
    4. wooden
    5. 6086
    6. S-R,Ncmsc,Sp3ms
    7. by,wood_of,his
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364429
    1. יִשְׁאָל
    2. 521519
    3. he enquires
    4. -
    5. 7592
    6. V-Vqi3ms
    7. he_enquires
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364430
    1. וּ,מַקְל,וֹ
    2. 521520,521521,521522
    3. and stick of his
    4. divining
    5. 4731
    6. S-C,Ncmsc,Sp3ms
    7. and,stick_of,his
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364431
    1. יַגִּיד
    2. 521523
    3. it tells
    4. -
    5. 5046
    6. V-Vhi3ms
    7. it_tells
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364432
    1. ל,וֹ
    2. 521524,521525
    3. to him/it
    4. -
    6. S-R,Sp3ms
    7. to=him/it
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364433
    1. כִּי
    2. 521526
    3. if/because
    4. because
    6. S-C
    7. if/because
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364434
    1. רוּחַ
    2. 521527
    3. a spirit of
    4. spirit
    5. 7307
    6. S-Ncbsc
    7. a_spirit_of
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364435
    1. זְנוּנִים
    2. 521528
    3. prostitution(s)
    4. -
    5. 2183
    6. S-Ncmpa
    7. prostitution(s)
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364436
    1. הִתְעָה
    2. 521529
    3. it has misled
    4. -
    5. 8582
    6. V-Vhp3ms
    7. it_has_misled
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364437
    1. וַ,יִּזְנוּ
    2. 521530,521531
    3. and they have prostituted themselves
    4. played
    5. 2181
    6. SV-C,Vqw3mp
    7. and,they_have_prostituted_themselves
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364438
    1. מִ,תַּחַת
    2. 521532,521533
    3. from under
    4. -
    5. 8478
    6. S-R,R
    7. from=under
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364439
    1. אֱלֹהֵי,הֶֽם
    2. 521534,521535
    3. god of their
    4. god
    5. 430
    6. S-Ncmpc,Sp3mp
    7. God_of,their
    8. -
    9. Person=God; Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364440
    2. 521536
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 364441

OET (OET-LV) People_of_my by_wood_of_his he_enquires and_stick_of_his it_tells to_him/it if/because a_spirit_of prostitution(s) it_has_misled and_they_have_prostituted_themselves from_under god_of_their.

OET (OET-RV) My people consult their wooden idols,
 ⇔ ≈ and their divining rods inform them,
 ⇔ because a spirit of unfaithfulness has led them astray,
 ⇔ ≈ and they’ve played the loose woman, departing from their god.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 4:11b–19: The Sinful People

This section shows how much the people of Israel were committed to sexual sin and idolatry. They were stubborn and refused to return to the LORD. As a result, the LORD promised to discipline them so that in time they would be ashamed of their idolatry.

Here are some other examples of section headings:

The Lord Condemns Pagan Worship (GNT)

Worship in Israel is idolatrous and debauched (NJB)

The previous section focused primarily on the priests. This section focuses on the people as a group. A section heading may be appropriate here if you chose interpretation (1) in 4:10d–11b. In that case this section would begin with a new sentence. A section heading is not recommended if you chose interpretation (2) or (3), because the heading would interrupt a sentence.

4:12a–b

(combined/reordered)

Notice the parallel parts that are similar in meaning:

12a My people consult their wooden idols

12band their divining rods inform them.

These lines show that the people of Israel no longer sought guidance from the LORD. Instead they turned to idols and divination to guide them.

4:12a

My people consult their wooden idols,

My people consult their wooden idols: To consult their wooden idols means to ask an idol carved from wood to guide them. For example:

ask their wooden idols for help (GW)

4:12b

and their divining rods inform them.

and their divining rods inform them: The people did some kind of divination using a wooden stick or rod to obtain an answer to their requests.

Here are some other ways to translate this phrase:

A piece of wood tells them what to do (GW)

they ask those sticks of wood to advise them (NCV)

General Comment on 4:12a–b

In some languages, it may be more natural to reorder and combine the parallel parts. For example:

You expect wooden idols and other objects of wood to give you advice. (CEV)

4:12c–d

(combined/reordered)

Notice the parallel parts that are similar in meaning:

12cFor a spirit of prostitution leads them astray

12dand they have played the harlot against their God.

In these lines the LORD said that the people’s devotion to prostitution had led them away from devotion to him. See the General Comment on 4:12c–d at the end of 4:12d for ways to translate the literal and figurative meanings of prostitution in these parallel lines.

4:12c

For a spirit of prostitution leads them astray

For: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as For introduces the reason why the people seek guidance from wooden idols and divination instead of the LORD. It is because a spirit of prostitution has led them away from him. Other translations leave this connection implied. Use a natural way in your language to introduce this reason.

a spirit of prostitution: In this context, this phrase probably refers to a strong desire to be immoral. It probably does not refer to a demon or evil spirit.NIDOTTE (#8120), Macintosh (page 152), Davies (page 124), McComiskey (page 66), and Stuart (page 81) understand ruaḥ ”spirit” as a strong desire or tendency to act in a certain way. Andersen and Freedman (pages 366–367) prefer the idea of a demonic spirit that deceives people and “incites…promiscuity.” For example:

an urge to go whoring (NJB)

leads them astray: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as leads them astray is literally “has-caused-to-wander.” It indicates here that the people’s desire to be immoral has led or caused them to do what is wrong. The form of the Hebrew verb indicates that the people had been led astray in the past and were still being led astray. The BSB uses present tense to translate this idea. Some versions use past tense forms. For example:

an urge to go whoring has led them astray (NJB)

4:12d

and they have played the harlot against their God.

and they have played the harlot against their God: In Hebrew, this clause is literally “and they have committed fornicationThe BART interlinear for 4:12d glosses this qal form of the verb zanah as “they have prostituted themselves.” NIDOTTE (#2388) glosses the qal form as “commit fornication, act as a harlot, have illicit intercourse.” TWOT (#563) and BDB (#2181) are similar. In 4:12d the verb refers figuratively to religious immorality or unfaithfulness to God. from under their God.” It means here that the people rejected the authority of the LORD and devoted themselves to idolatry and self-indulgence instead.

General Comment on 4:12c–d

Some verse parts in the following context (4:13a–c) focus on idolatry. Other verse parts (4:13d–e) focus on the literal prostitution that was part of idol worship. If possible, your translation of “spirit of prostitution” and “played the harlot against their God” in 4:12c–d should include both meanings.

It is suggested that you use at least one expression that refers to sexual unfaithfulness between people. Use other expressions that refer to idolatry or unfaithfulness to God. In the following examples, sexual unfaithfulness will be marked with an underline. Idolatry or unfaithfulness to God will be marked with bold print:

12cTheir strong desire for sexual pleasure and idol worship has led them to abandon what is right. 12dThey have left their God to serve other gods.

12cTheir uncontrolled lusts have caused them to sin. 12dThey are no longer faithful to one another or to God .

12cLike prostitutes, they have chased after other gods 12dand have left their own God. (NCV)

12cA spirit of prostitution leads them astray. 12dThey commit adultery by giving themselves to other gods. (GW)

You may also want to clarify the relationship between literal and figurative prostitution in a footnote. Here is a suggested footnote:

People who worshiped idols at mountain shrines sacrificed animals and incense to the idols. As part of the ritual, they often had sex with the prostitutes who worked at the shrines (see 4:13–14). When they did this, they were acting immorally. They were also being unfaithful to God by worshiping other gods.

In some languages, it may be more natural to reorder and/or combine the parallel parts in 4:12c–d. For example:

Their longing for the pleasures of sexual immorality and idolatry has led them to abandon me, their God.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / personification

(Occurrence 0) their walking sticks give them prophecies

(Some words not found in UHB: people_of,my by,wood_of,his consult and,stick_of,his gives_~_oracles to=him/it that/for/because/then/when spirit_of whoredom led_~_astray and,they_have_prostituted_themselves from=under God_of,their )

Idol worshipers used walking sticks to help them predict the future. The walking sticks are spoken of here as if they were people who spoke prophecies.

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / personification

(Occurrence 0) a mind of promiscuity has misled them

(Some words not found in UHB: people_of,my by,wood_of,his consult and,stick_of,his gives_~_oracles to=him/it that/for/because/then/when spirit_of whoredom led_~_astray and,they_have_prostituted_themselves from=under God_of,their )

Worshiping the idols and sleeping with the temple prostitutes has developed in the people of Israel the desire to always sin against Yahweh in these ways. Here “mind” is spoken of as if it were a separate person who was able to convince the people to disobey Yahweh.

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

(Occurrence 0) has misled

(Some words not found in UHB: people_of,my by,wood_of,his consult and,stick_of,his gives_~_oracles to=him/it that/for/because/then/when spirit_of whoredom led_~_astray and,they_have_prostituted_themselves from=under God_of,their )

has convinced the people to sin

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

4:12 They ask a piece of wood for advice! For millennia, people have worshiped natural objects such as wood and stones that they believed embodied spirits and gods (Jer 2:27). Biblical religion completely rejects such practices and beliefs (Exod 20:4-5; Isa 44:19).

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. People of my
    2. -
    3. 5847,1978
    5. 521514,521515
    6. S-Ncmsc,Sp1cs
    8. S
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364428
    1. by wood of his
    2. wooden
    3. 846,5736,1978
    5. 521516,521517,521518
    6. S-R,Ncmsc,Sp3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364429
    1. he enquires
    2. -
    3. 7755
    5. 521519
    6. V-Vqi3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364430
    1. and stick of his
    2. divining
    3. 1987,4579,1978
    5. 521520,521521,521522
    6. S-C,Ncmsc,Sp3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364431
    1. it tells
    2. -
    3. 5120
    5. 521523
    6. V-Vhi3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364432
    1. to him/it
    2. -
    3. 3705,1978
    5. 521524,521525
    6. S-R,Sp3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364433
    1. if/because
    2. because
    3. 3482
    5. 521526
    6. S-C
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364434
    1. a spirit of
    2. spirit
    3. 7390
    5. 521527
    6. S-Ncbsc
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364435
    1. prostitution(s)
    2. -
    3. 2018
    5. 521528
    6. S-Ncmpa
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364436
    1. it has misled
    2. -
    3. 8380
    5. 521529
    6. V-Vhp3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364437
    1. and they have prostituted themselves
    2. played
    3. 1987,2126
    5. 521530,521531
    6. SV-C,Vqw3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364438
    1. from under
    2. -
    3. 4129,8310
    5. 521532,521533
    6. S-R,R
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364439
    1. god of their
    2. god
    3. 38,1978
    5. 521534,521535
    6. S-Ncmpc,Sp3mp
    8. -
    9. Person=God; Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364440

OET (OET-LV) People_of_my by_wood_of_his he_enquires and_stick_of_his it_tells to_him/it if/because a_spirit_of prostitution(s) it_has_misled and_they_have_prostituted_themselves from_under god_of_their.

OET (OET-RV) My people consult their wooden idols,
 ⇔ ≈ and their divining rods inform them,
 ⇔ because a spirit of unfaithfulness has led them astray,
 ⇔ ≈ and they’ve played the loose woman, departing from their god.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← HOS 4:12 ↑ → ► ║ ©