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Hos C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14

Hos 4 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19

OET interlinear HOS 4:13

◄ ← HOS 4:13 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. עַל
    2. 521537
    3. On
    4. -
    6. S-R
    7. on
    8. S
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364442
    2. 521538
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 364443
    1. רָאשֵׁי
    2. 521539
    3. the tops of
    4. -
    6. S-Ncmpc
    7. the_tops_of
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364444
    1. הֶ,הָרִים
    2. 521540,521541
    3. the mountains
    4. mountaintops
    5. 2022
    6. S-Td,Ncmpa
    7. of,the_mountains
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364445
    1. יְזַבֵּחוּ
    2. 521542
    3. they sacrifice
    4. sacrifice
    5. 2076
    6. V-Vpi3mp
    7. they_sacrifice
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364446
    1. וְ,עַל
    2. 521543,521544
    3. and on
    4. -
    6. S-C,R
    7. and,on
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364447
    2. 521545
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 364448
    1. הַ,גְּבָעוֹת
    2. 521546,521547
    3. the hills
    4. hills
    5. 1389
    6. S-Td,Ncfpa
    7. the,hills
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364449
    1. יְקַטֵּרוּ
    2. 521548
    3. they make smoke
    4. -
    6. V-Vpi3mp
    7. they_make_smoke
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364450
    1. תַּחַת
    2. 521549
    3. under
    4. under
    5. 8478
    6. S-R
    7. under
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364451
    1. אַלּוֹן
    2. 521550
    3. oak
    4. -
    5. 437
    6. S-Ncmsa
    7. oak
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364452
    1. וְ,לִבְנֶה
    2. 521551,521552
    3. and poplar
    4. poplars
    5. 3839
    6. S-C,Ncmsa
    7. and,poplar
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364453
    1. וְ,אֵלָה
    2. 521553,521554
    3. and terebinth
    4. terebinths
    5. 424
    6. S-C,Ncfsa
    7. and,terebinth
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364454
    1. כִּי
    2. 521555
    3. if/because
    4. -
    6. S-C
    7. if/because
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364455
    1. טוֹב
    2. 521556
    3. +is good
    4. good
    6. P-Aamsa
    7. [is]_good
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364456
    1. צִלָּ,הּ
    2. 521557,521558
    3. shade of its
    4. shade
    5. 6738
    6. S-Ncmsc,Sp3fs
    7. shade_of,its
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364457
    1. עַל
    2. 521559
    3. therefore
    4. -
    6. S-R
    7. therefore
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364458
    2. 521560
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 364459
    1. כֵּן
    2. 521561
    3. yes/correct/thus/so
    4. -
    6. S-Tm
    7. yes/correct/thus/so
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364460
    1. תִּזְנֶינָה
    2. 521562
    3. they prostitute themselves
    4. ≈prostitute themselves
    5. 2181
    6. V-Vqi3fp
    7. they_prostitute_themselves
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364461
    1. בְּנוֹתֵי,כֶם
    2. 521563,521564
    3. daughters of your(pl)
    4. daughters
    5. 1323
    6. S-Ncfpc,Sp2mp
    7. daughters_of,your(pl)
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364462
    1. וְ,כַלּוֹתֵי,כֶם
    2. 521565,521566,521567
    3. and brides of your(pl)
    4. -
    5. 3618
    6. S-C,Ncfpc,Sp2mp
    7. and,brides_of,your(pl)
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364463
    1. תְּנָאַֽפְנָה
    2. 521568
    3. they commit adultery
    4. commit adultery
    5. 5003
    6. V-Vpi3fp
    7. they_commit_adultery
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364464
    2. 521569
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 364465

OET (OET-LV) On the_tops_of the_mountains they_sacrifice and_on the_hills they_make_smoke under oak and_poplar and_terebinth if/because is_good shade_of_its therefore yes/correct/thus/so daughters_of_your(pl) they_prostitute_themselves and_brides_of_your(pl) they_commit_adultery.

OET (OET-RV) They sacrifice on the mountaintops
 ⇔ ≈ and burn incense on the hills,
 ⇔ under oaks, poplars and terebinths,
 ⇔ → because the shade is good.
 ⇔ Therefore your daughters prostitute themselves,
 ⇔ ≈ and your daughters-in-law commit adultery.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 4:11b–19: The Sinful People

This section shows how much the people of Israel were committed to sexual sin and idolatry. They were stubborn and refused to return to the LORD. As a result, the LORD promised to discipline them so that in time they would be ashamed of their idolatry.

Here are some other examples of section headings:

The Lord Condemns Pagan Worship (GNT)

Worship in Israel is idolatrous and debauched (NJB)

The previous section focused primarily on the priests. This section focuses on the people as a group. A section heading may be appropriate here if you chose interpretation (1) in 4:10d–11b. In that case this section would begin with a new sentence. A section heading is not recommended if you chose interpretation (2) or (3), because the heading would interrupt a sentence.

4:13a–b

(combined/reordered)

Notice the parallel parts that are similar in meaning:

13aThey sacrifice on the mountaintops

13band burn offerings on the hills

These lines describe one of the ways that the people and priests were unfaithful to God.At that time the only acceptable way to offer sacrifices was as he described in the book of Leviticus. The only acceptable place of worship was Jerusalem. See Deuteronomy 12:5–7, 15–27. They sacrificed to idols at pagan shrines. These shrines were frequently located on the tops of mountains or hills.

sacrifice…burn offerings: These parallel terms refer here to two kinds of offerings that people made when they worshiped Baal or other idols. The form of the Hebrew verbs indicates that they sacrificed regularly or repeatedly.

The word sacrifice refers to killing an animal and eating portions of it as part of a worship ceremony. The phrase burn offerings is literally “they make smoke.” It refers primarily to the smoke from burning incense. See the note on this verb at 2:13a. In some languages, it may be necessary to make some of this information explicit. For example:

They sacrifice animals and burn incense as an offering to their idols

on the mountaintops…on the hills: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as hills usually refers to areas that are slightly lower than mountains. Here no distinction is intended between these two parallel terms. The parallel lines do not imply that people offered one kind of sacrifice on mountains and another kind on hills.

General Comment on 4:13a–b

In some languages, it may be more natural to combine the parallel parts into one line. For example

They never stop offering sacrifices on mountaintops and hills (CEV)

4:13a

They sacrifice on the mountaintops

4:13b

and burn offerings on the hills,

4:13c

under oak, poplar, and terebinth, because their shade is pleasant.

under oak, poplar, and terebinth, because their shade is pleasant: This phrase gives a further description of the places on the mountaintops and hills where the Israelites made sacrifices. Oak, poplar, and terebinth are three kinds of large trees that give good shade. If these trees are unknown in your area, you may use borrowed terms from another translation in your area. You may also use a descriptive phrase instead of stating the names of specific kinds of trees. For example:

under tall, spreading trees, because the shade is so pleasant (GNT)

4:13d–e

(combined/reordered)

Notice the parallel parts that are similar in meaning:

13dAnd so your daughters turn to prostitution

13eand your daughters-in-law to adultery

In addition to offering sacrifices, another part of the people’s idol worship was getting drunk and sleeping with prostitutes. These lines describe a result of this idol worship. The immoral behavior of the men motivated young women to behave immorally also.

And so: This word introduces the response of the young women to the idol worship described in 4:13a–b. They became sexually immoral.

Here are some other ways to translate this word:

As a result (GNT)

That is why (REB)

In some languages, it may not be clear that the young women’s response is due to idol worship. If that is true in your language, you may want to make the connection explicit. For example:

Because of the rituals that accompany idol worship, your daughters…

your daughters…your daughters-in-law: In 4:12c–4:13b, “they” pronouns are used. Here in 4:13d–e, the pronouns change to your. This change of pronouns may help the hearers to realize what is happening to the young women in their own families.

The parallel phrases your daughters…your daughters-in-law function as a pair. They represent all the young women of Israel.Stuart (page 82). In some languages, it may be more natural to refer to these two groups with a more general term. For example:

your female children

your young women

daughters-in-law: There are two ways to interpret the Hebrew word that the BSB translates as daughters-in-law:

  1. It means “daughters-in-law.” For example:

    daughters-in-law (NJB) (BSB, CEV, GNT, GW, NAB, NCV, NIV, NJPS, NLT, NRSV)

  2. It means “brides.” For example:

    brides (ESV) (ESV, KJV, NASB, REB, RSV)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1) along with most versions. This interpretation better fits the parallel term “daughters” in 4:13d.

turn to prostitution…to adultery: These parallel terms function together to indicate sexual immorality in general. This verse does not imply a distinction between one group of women who are prostitutes and another group who commit adultery.

General Comment on 4:13d–e

In some languages, it may be more natural to reorder and/or combine the parallel parts in these two lines. For example:

Your own daughters and daughters-in-law sell themselves for sex. (CEV)

4:13d

And so your daughters turn to prostitution

4:13e

and your daughters-in-law to adultery.

uW Translation Notes:

General Information:

Yahweh is talking about Israel.

(Occurrence 0) on the tops of the mountains … on the hills

(Some words not found in UHB: on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in tops_of of,the_mountains sacrifice and,on the,hills burn_offerings below/instead_of oak and,poplar and,terebinth that/for/because/then/when good shade_of,its on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in yes/correct/thus/so play_the_whore daughters_of,your(pl) and,brides_of,your(pl) commit_adultery )

It was common for the people to set up idols in these places, often called “high places” in the Old Testament.

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

4:13 Many Canaanite religious rites were practiced on the mountaintops and hills. On these pagan “high places,” sacred trees were usually used in fertility worship (1 Kgs 14:23; Jer 2:20).
• Israelite daughters and brides also committed sexual acts in the worship of Baal; they were possibly forced to do so by their fathers and husbands.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. On
    2. -
    3. 5837
    5. 521537
    6. S-R
    8. S
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364442
    1. the tops of
    2. -
    3. 7356
    5. 521539
    6. S-Ncmpc
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364444
    1. the mountains
    2. mountaintops
    3. 1893,1906
    5. 521540,521541
    6. S-Td,Ncmpa
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364445
    1. they sacrifice
    2. sacrifice
    3. 2097
    5. 521542
    6. V-Vpi3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364446
    1. and on
    2. -
    3. 1987,5837
    5. 521543,521544
    6. S-C,R
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364447
    1. the hills
    2. hills
    3. 1893,1358
    5. 521546,521547
    6. S-Td,Ncfpa
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364449
    1. they make smoke
    2. -
    3. 6943
    5. 521548
    6. V-Vpi3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364450
    1. under
    2. under
    3. 8310
    5. 521549
    6. S-R
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364451
    1. oak
    2. -
    3. 529
    5. 521550
    6. S-Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364452
    1. and poplar
    2. poplars
    3. 1987,3733
    5. 521551,521552
    6. S-C,Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364453
    1. and terebinth
    2. terebinths
    3. 1987,330
    5. 521553,521554
    6. S-C,Ncfsa
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364454
    1. if/because
    2. -
    3. 3482
    5. 521555
    6. S-C
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364455
    1. +is good
    2. good
    3. 2866
    5. 521556
    6. P-Aamsa
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364456
    1. shade of its
    2. shade
    3. 6575,1978
    5. 521557,521558
    6. S-Ncmsc,Sp3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364457
    1. therefore
    2. -
    3. 5837
    5. 521559
    6. S-R
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364458
    1. yes/correct/thus/so
    2. -
    3. 3529
    5. 521561
    6. S-Tm
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364460
    1. daughters of your(pl)
    2. daughters
    3. 1143,1978
    5. 521563,521564
    6. S-Ncfpc,Sp2mp
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364462
    1. they prostitute themselves
    2. ≈prostitute themselves
    3. 2126
    5. 521562
    6. V-Vqi3fp
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364461
    1. and brides of your(pl)
    2. -
    3. 1987,3561,1978
    5. 521565,521566,521567
    6. S-C,Ncfpc,Sp2mp
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364463
    1. they commit adultery
    2. commit adultery
    3. 5103
    5. 521568
    6. V-Vpi3fp
    8. -
    9. Y-780; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364464

OET (OET-LV) On the_tops_of the_mountains they_sacrifice and_on the_hills they_make_smoke under oak and_poplar and_terebinth if/because is_good shade_of_its therefore yes/correct/thus/so daughters_of_your(pl) they_prostitute_themselves and_brides_of_your(pl) they_commit_adultery.

OET (OET-RV) They sacrifice on the mountaintops
 ⇔ ≈ and burn incense on the hills,
 ⇔ under oaks, poplars and terebinths,
 ⇔ → because the shade is good.
 ⇔ Therefore your daughters prostitute themselves,
 ⇔ ≈ and your daughters-in-law commit adultery.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← HOS 4:13 ↑ → ► ║ ©