OET interlinear 1TH 5:5

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

γὰρ

for

Here, the word For introduces a reason or basis for what Paul has said about how the “day” will not overtake the Thessalonians (see 5:2). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a previous claim. Alternate translation: “In fact,” or “That is true because”

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / doublet

πάντες & ὑμεῖς υἱοὶ φωτός ἐστε, καὶ υἱοὶ ἡμέρας. οὐκ ἐσμὲν νυκτὸς οὐδὲ σκότους

all & you_all sons ˱of˲_light are and sons ˱of˲_day neither ˱we˲_are ˱of˲_night nor ˱of˲_darkness

Here, the phrases sons of the light and sons of day mean basically the same thing. Also, the phrases of night and of darkness mean basically the same thing. Paul is using these phrases together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis by using a single phrase in each sentence. Alternate translation: “you are all sons of the day. We are not of night” or “you are all sons of the bright day. We are not of the dark night”

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

πάντες & ὑμεῖς υἱοὶ φωτός ἐστε, καὶ υἱοὶ ἡμέρας

all & you_all sons ˱of˲_light are and sons ˱of˲_day

The expression son of describes a person who shares the qualities of something. Paul is using this expression to describe the behavior and character of the Thessalonians, since they are people who are characterized by light and day. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you are all characterized by light and characterized by day” or “you all belong to the light and belong to the day”

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

πάντες & ὑμεῖς υἱοὶ φωτός ἐστε, καὶ υἱοὶ ἡμέρας

all & you_all sons ˱of˲_light are and sons ˱of˲_day

Here Paul speaks of the Thessalonians as if they were characterized by light and day (see the previous note for the meaning of the phrase son of). He means that they obey God and do what is right. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you are all people who obey God and do what is right”

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / gendernotations

υἱοὶ φωτός & καὶ υἱοὶ ἡμέρας

sons ˱of˲_light & and sons ˱of˲_day

Although the term sons is masculine, Paul is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “children of light and children of day”

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / possession

οὐκ ἐσμὲν νυκτὸς οὐδὲ σκότους

neither ˱we˲_are ˱of˲_night nor ˱of˲_darkness

Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe how We are not characterized by night or darkness. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “We are not characterized by night nor characterized by darkness” or “We do not belong to the night nor do we belong to the darkness”

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

οὐκ ἐσμὲν νυκτὸς οὐδὲ σκότους

neither ˱we˲_are ˱of˲_night nor ˱of˲_darkness

Here Paul speaks of believers as those who are not characterized by night and darkness (see the previous note for the meaning of the phrases of night and of darkness). He means that believers are not people who disobey God and do what is wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “we are not people who disobey God and do what is wrong”

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / exclusive

ἐσμὲν

˱we˲_are

Here, the word We includes Paul, his fellow workers, and the Thessalonians. Your language may require you to mark this form.

Note 9 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

σκότους

˱of˲_darkness

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of darkness, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “of dark places” or “without light”