HOS 5:11 Parallel Verse View

Note: This view shows ‘verses’ which are not natural language units and hence sometimes only part of a sentence will be visible—click on any Bible version abbreviation down the left-hand side to see the verse in more of its context. Normally the OET discourages the reading of individual ‘verses’, but this view is only designed as a tool for doing comparisons of different translations—the older translations are further down the page (so you can read up from the bottom to trace the English translation history). The OET segments on this page are still very early looks into the unfinished texts of the Open English Translation of the Bible—please double-check these texts in advance before using in public.

Text critical issues=none Clarity of original=clear Importance to us=normal (All still tentative.)

Key: khaki:verbs.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).

BrLXX Κατεδυνάστευσεν Ἐφραὶμ τὸν ἀντίδικον αὐτοῦ, κατεπάτησε τὸ κρίμα, ὅτι ἤρξατο πορεύεσθαι ὀπίσω τῶν ματαίων.
(Katedunasteusen Efraim ton antidikon autou, katepataʸse to krima, hoti aʸrxato poreuesthai opisō tōn mataiōn. )

BrTr Ephraim altogether prevailed against his adversary, he trod judgment under foot, for he began to go after vanities.

ULT Ephraim is oppresssed;
⇔ he is crushed in judgment,
⇔ because he was determined to go after idols.

UST Ephraim will suffer greatly; the people will perish when I punish them,
⇔ because they were determined to worship idols.

OEB Ephraim will be oppressed, crushed by judgment,
⇔ for they are determined to go after vanity[fn].

5:11 So LXX. Heb. uncertain.

WEBBE Ephraim is oppressed,
⇔ he is crushed in judgement,
⇔ because he is intent in his pursuit of idols.

WMBB (Same as above)

NET Ephraim will be oppressed, crushed under judgment,
⇔ because he was determined to pursue worthless idols.

LSV Ephraim is oppressed, broken in judgment,
When he pleased he went after the command.

FBV The people of Ephraim are crushed, smashed to pieces in judgment because they were determined to follow human commands.[fn]

5:11 This verse has been linked to the decision of King Menahem of Israel's decision to agree to a huge payment in silver to the Assyrian king as a means of avoiding conflict (see 2 Kings 15:19-20). Others have thought the “human commands” are Jeroboam's institution of calves as images to worship ( 1 Kings 12). Alternatively the end of this verse could also be translated “determined to follow idolatry.”

T4T And the people of Israel will suffer greatly when I punish them,
⇔ because they are very determined to worship idols.

LEB • Ephraim is oppressed, crushed in judgment,
• because he was determined
• to go after filth.[fn]

5:? Hebrew uncertain; another possible translation is “that he follows human commands”

BBE Ephraim is troubled; he is crushed by his judges, because he took pleasure in walking after deceit.

Moff Ephraim is an oppressor,
⇔ trampling justice down–
⇔ he would go after idols vain;

JPS Oppressed is Ephraim, crushed in his right; because he willingly walked after filth.

ASV Ephraim is oppressed, he is crushed in judgment; because he was content to walk after man’s command.

DRA Ephraim is under oppression, and broken in judgment: because he began to go after filthiness.

YLT Oppressed is Ephraim, broken in judgment, When he pleased he went after the command.

Drby Ephraim is oppressed, crushed in judgment, because in selfwill he walked after the commandment [of man].

RV Ephraim is oppressed, he is crushed in judgment; because he was content to walk after the command.
(Ephraim is oppressed, he is crushed in judgement; because he was content to walk after the command. )

SLT Ephraim was oppressed, he was broken in judgment because he was willing to go after the command.

Wbstr Ephraim is oppressed and broken in judgment, because he willingly walked after the commandment.

KJB-1769 Ephraim is oppressed and broken in judgment, because he willingly walked after the commandment.
(Ephraim is oppressed and broken in judgement, because he willingly walked after the commandment. )

KJB-1611 Ephraim is oppressed, and broken in iudgement: because he willingly walked after the commandement.
(Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above, apart from punctuation)

Bshps Ephraim is oppressed and broken in iudgement, because he wyllyngly folowed the commaundement.
(Ephraim is oppressed and broken in judgement, because he willingly followed the commandment.)

Gnva Ephraim is oppressed, and broken in iudgement, because he willingly walked after the commandement.
(Ephraim is oppressed, and broken in judgement, because he willingly walked after the commandment. )

Cvdl Ephraim is oppressed, and can haue no right of the lawe: for why? they folowe ye doctrynes of men.
(Ephraim is oppressed, and can have no right of the law: for why? they follow ye/you_all doctrines of men.)

Wycl Effraym suffrith fals chalenge, and is brokun bi doom; for he bigan to go after filthis.
(Ephraim suffereth/suffers false challenge, and is broken by judgement; for he began to go after filths.)

Luth Ephraim leidet Gewalt und wird geplagt; daran geschiehet ihm recht; denn er hat sich gegeben auf (Menschen-)Gebot.
(Ephraim suffers violence and becomes plagued/afflicted; to_it happens/occurs him right; because/than he has itself/yourself/themselves given on/in/to (people-)commandment/command.)

ClVg Calumniam patiens est Ephraim, fractus judicio, quoniam cœpit abire post sordes.
(Slanderm patient it_is Ephraim, fractus judgement, since/because he_began to_go_away after dirt/filth. )

SOTN SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 5:8–15: The LORD will judge the people by war

In 5:8–11, the LORD warned Israel and Judah that he would soon destroy them by means of the enemy that had come to wage war against them. He also accused them of various kinds of sin. In 5:12–15, the LORD compared his judgment to destructive things like a moth, wood rot, and a lion. He assured the people that they would be destroyed in spite of their attempt to get help from Assyria. We do not know with certainty the date and the details of the war. However, some scholars believe that this is the war that is mentioned in 2 Kings 16:5–9 and 2 Chronicles 28:5–23.This may be the Syro-Ephraimite war, 735–732 B.C.E. In that war the kingdoms of Israel and Syria united to fight against the kingdoms of Assyria and Judah. The war greatly harmed both Israel and Judah. Israel and Syria lost the war, and the king of Assyria took control of most of the land of Israel. See Andersen and Freedman (pages 402–403), Hubbard (pages 118–122), Stuart (page 101), and Macintosh (page 194) for more details.

Here are some other examples of section headings:

War between Judah and Israel (GNT)

The Lord warns Israel and Judah (CEV)

5:11

In this verse, the focus shifts from the southern kingdom of Judah back to the northern kingdom of Israel.

5:11a

Ephraim is oppressed, crushed in judgment,

And as for the people of Israel, their enemies oppress and trample/crush them. This is my judgment against them,
The time for me to punish the people of Israel has come. I will soon send their enemies to cause them severe hardship and suffering,

Ephraim is oppressed, crushed in judgment: This verse part implies that the people of Israel are oppressed by their enemies. This oppression is the means by which the LORD judges them.

In the preceding context, the judgment on Ephraim clearly refers to a future event (see 5:7, 5:9). The following context (5:14) also refers to a future event. Here in 5:11a, Hosea describes the judgment as if it has already begun. Scholars have not been able to identify the exact historical context. So we do not know if this judgment refers to the same future event as in 5:9a or if it refers to a different event that has already begun.Scripture records three invasions of Israel by Assyria: one during the reign of Menahem (2 Kings 15:19–20), one during the reign of Pekah (2 Kings 15:29), and the final defeat and exile of Israel during the reign of Hoshea (2 Kings 17:5–6). Hosea served as a prophet during this entire time. Examples of both options are given in the following note on “oppressed, trampled.” You may choose either option.

Ephraim: In this context, the tribe of Ephraim probably represents all the people of the nation of Israel. See the note on Ephraim…Israel at 5:3a–b.

oppressed, crushed: The words that the BSB translates as oppressed and crushed have almost the same meaning in this context. Both words are passive forms that refer to people who are being mistreated or caused hardship by their enemies.

The translations crushed and “trampled” are both figurative. They do not refer here to literal crushing or trampling. Use one or more literal or figurative terms in your language that refer to oppression.

Here are some other ways to translate this whole clause using passive forms:

Israel is crushed by the punishment (NCV)

The people of Israel will be crushed and broken by my judgment (NLT)

In some languages, it may be necessary to use active forms and to make explicit who oppresses the people of Israel and who judges them.

Here are some ways to translate this clause using active forms:

The time for me to punish the people of Israel has arrived. I will send their enemies to cause them great hardship and suffering.

The enemies of Israel oppress and mistreat them as a result of my judgment against them.

in judgment: This phrase indicates that the LORD allows an enemy to oppress and trample the people as his judgment or punishment against them.

5:11b

for he is determined to follow worthless idols.

because they persist in worshiping idols.
for they have decided to do what is worthless. They follow/worship false gods.

for he is determined to follow worthless idols: The reason Israel is oppressed and trampled in judgment is because they are intent on pursuing idols. Some versions translate this word as “because” (RSV). Other versions leave it implied. Use a natural way in your language to introduce this reason.

determined to follow: In Hebrew, this phrase is more literally “he was determined to walk after.” It means that the people had made a deliberate decision to follow something.BART interlinear.

Here are some other ways to translate this phrase:

having deliberately followed (NJB)

decided to follow (NCV)

worthless idols: There are several textual and interpretation issues involving the Hebrew word that the BSB translates as worthless idols.Textual options followed by one or more English versions are: 1) The LXX, Targum, Peshitta, and Vulgate follow an emended text (šawʾ) that means “vanity,” “emptiness,” “futility,” or “worthlessness.” The NRSV, NJPS, and REB follow this text. 2) The ESV and NAB have “filth,” derived from the assumed root ṣwʾ “filthy” (TWOT #1884). 3) The MT has ṣaw. This anomalous form occurs elsewhere only in Isaiah 28:10, 13, where it may represent a nonsense syllable or mimicry. The NASB and KJV understand it to mean “command” (derived from ṣawah), perhaps referring to Jeroboam’s establishment of idol worship at Bethel and Dan in 1 Kings 12:28–29. See TWOT (#1887c). (See the preceding and following footnote for details). None of the textual choices literally means idols. However, in this context, most of the choices refer to idol worship, which was both worthless and filthy in the sight of God.Most English versions, including the BSB, CEV, GW, NCV, NET, NIV, and NLT, interpret one of the textual options to refer to idols. In other passages, idol worship is described as being worthless and filthy, and Jeroboam’s command resulted in the people of Israel turning to idol worship. The NJB has “a Lie.” The GNT has “going for help to those who had none to give.” Both of these versions may be specific applications of the text followed by the LXX.

Here are some other ways to translate this verse part:

worshiping useless idols (CEV)

pursuing what is worthless (REB)

follow idols (NCV)

determined to go after filth (ESV)

UTN uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / parallelism

(Occurrence 0) Ephraim is crushed; he is crushed in judgment

(Some words not found in UHB: oppressed ʼEfrayim crushed_of judgement that/for/because/then/when determined go after filth )

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This statement is made twice for emphasis. Here “Ephraim” refers to the people of the northern kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “I will punish the people of Israel severely” (See also: figs-synecdoche and figs-activepassive)

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

(Occurrence 0) walked after idols

(Some words not found in UHB: oppressed ʼEfrayim crushed_of judgement that/for/because/then/when determined go after filth )

Here “walked” represents the idea of worshiping.

(Occurrence 0) idols

(Some words not found in UHB: oppressed ʼEfrayim crushed_of judgement that/for/because/then/when determined go after filth )

The Hebrew word translated here as “idols” is uncertain in its meaning, and is translated by modern versions in many different ways.

Parallel HOS 5:11

Section 5:8–15: The LORD will judge the people by war

5:11

5:11a

5:11b