2 COR 12:18 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. Παρεκάλεσα
2. parakaleō
3. I implored
4. urged
5. 38700
6. VIAA1··S
7. ˱I˲ implored
8. ˱I˲ implored
9. S
10. Y60
11. 125191
1. Τίτον
2. titos
3. Titos
4. -
5. 51030
6. N····AMS
7. Titos
8. Titus
9. U
10. Person=Titus; Y60
11. 125192
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y60
11. 125193
1. συναπέστειλα
2. sunapostellō
3. I sent with him
4. -
5. 48820
6. VIAA1··S
7. ˱I˲ sent_with ‹him›
8. ˱I˲ sent_with ‹him›
9. -
10. Y60; R123972; Person=Paul
11. 125194
1. τόν
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····AMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 125195
1. ἀδελφόν
2. adelfos
3. brother
4. -
5. 800
6. N····AMS
7. brother
8. brother
9. -
10. Y60
11. 125196
1. Μήτι
2. mēti
3. Surely not
4. Surely didn't
5. 33850
6. T·······
7. surely_not
8. surely_not
9. S
10. Y60
11. 125197
1. ἐπλεονέκτησεν
2. pleonekteō
3. exploited
4. exploited
5. 41220
6. VIAA3··S
7. exploited
8. exploited
9. -
10. Y60
11. 125198
1. ὑμᾶς
2. su
3. you all
4. -
5. 47710
6. R···2A·P
7. you_all
8. you_all
9. -
10. Y60; R123204
11. 125199
1. Τίτος
2. titos
3. Titos
4. -
5. 51030
6. N····NMS
7. Titos
8. Titus
9. U
10. Person=Titus; Y60
11. 125200
1. Οὒ
2. ou
3. Not
4. -
5. 37560
6. T·······
7. not
8. not
9. S
10. Y60
11. 125201
1. τῷ
2. ho
3. in the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····DNS
7. ˱in˲ the
8. ˱in˲ the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 125202
1. αὐτῷ
2. autos
3. same
4. -
5. 8460
6. E····DNS
7. same
8. same
9. -
10. Y60; R125204
11. 125203
1. πνεύματι
2. pneuma
3. spirit
4. spirit
5. 41510
6. N····DNS
7. spirit
8. spirit
9. -
10. Y60; F125203
11. 125204
1. περιεπατήσαμεν
2. peripateō
3. we walked
4. -
5. 40430
6. VIAA1··P
7. ˱we˲ walked
8. ˱we˲ walked
9. -
10. Y60; R122231; R123750
11. 125205
1. οὒ
2. ou
3. not
4. -
5. 37560
6. T·······
7. not
8. not
9. -
10. Y60
11. 125206
1. τοῖς
2. ho
3. in the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····DNP
7. ˱in˲ the
8. ˱in˲ the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 125207
1. αὐτοῖς
2. autos
3. same
4. -
5. 8460
6. E····DNP
7. same
8. same
9. -
10. Y60; R125209
11. 125208
1. ἴχνεσιν
2. iχnos
3. steps
4. -
5. 24870
6. N····DNP
7. steps
8. steps
9. -
10. Y60; F125208
11. 125209

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 12:11–21: Proof that Paul was an apostle and his concern for the believers

In this section, the attitude of some believers in Corinth forced Paul to act foolishly and boast (12:11a). Paul knew he deserved praise from them and was better than the false teachers even though humanly speaking he deserved nothing (12:11b–d). Paul reminded the believers of all that he had done among them that proved he was an apostle (12:12). He asked them if they were angry at him with a rhetorical question and, using irony, told them that they should not be angry (12:13).

He told them that he would continue to avoid accepting their money for his support and explained why (12:14). He told them of his great love for them (12:15).

Using irony, Paul told them that he had not deceived them (12:16) and that his colleagues had not exploited them either (12:17–18). He explained that he had not been defending himself, but rather he was teaching them to be strong in their faith (12:19). He told them of some of his fears about them (12:20–21).

Other examples for this section heading are:

Paul’s Concern for the Corinthian Church (NRSV)

Paul loved the believers in Corinth

Paul reminded the believers in Corinth about his deeds and explained his worry for them

Paul defended his apostleship and spoke about his concern for the believers

12:18a

I urged Titus to visit you, and I sent our brother with him.

I urged Titus and he went and visited you^(plur). And I sent our^(incl) other brother with him.
For example, I urged Titus to go and sent our fellow-believer with him.

I urged Titus to visit you, and I sent our brother with him: This sentence refers to one of the times that Paul had sent someone (12:17). The visit of Titus was important to Paul. Of all of Paul’s coworkers, the believers in Corinth perhaps knew Titus the best and trusted him the most. So Paul used the example of Titus to show clearly that the believers could trust Paul as well.

In some languages it will not be clear that 12:18 is an example of what Paul said in 12:17. If that is true in your language, you may want to explain the connection in your translation. For example:

In particular, I urged Titus to go to you and I sent our brother with him

For example, I urged Titus to go to you and I sent our brother with him

brother: Here the word brother refers to a believer. The word indicates a close relationship, because all believers are children of God. See how you translated this word in 1:1 or 11:9.

Paul did not name this believer, but the believers in Corinth knew him.

12:18b

Did Titus exploit you in any way?

Did Titus take advantage of you? Of course not!
Titus certainly did not exploit you!

Did Titus exploit you in any way?: This is a rhetorical question. It emphasizes the meaning, “Titus did not exploit you in any way.” Translate in a way that emphasizes that meaning. Some ways to translate this are:

As a rhetorical question. For example:
did Titus take advantage of you? No! (NLT)
Would you say that Titus took advantage of you? (GNT)
As a statement. For example:
Titus certainly did not exploit you!
Assuredly Titus did not take advantage of you!

12:18c

Did we not walk in the same Spirit and follow in the same footsteps?

Did we^(excl,dual) not act the same way towards you? Did we not take the same steps/path regarding you?
We certainly had the same motives and behaved the same way in relating to you!

Did we not walk in the same Spirit and follow in the same footsteps?: There are two issues here.

Issue 1: Interpretation

There are two ways to interpret the word Spirit:

It refers to attitudes about things. Paul and Titus had the same attitude about relating to the believers. For example:
Do not he and I act from the very same motives and behave in the same way? (GNT) (RSV, NIV, GNT, NASB, NABRE, NLT, GW, CEV, NET, NCV, ESV, KJV)
It refers to the Holy Spirit. For example:
Have we not both been guided by the same Spirit, and followed the same course? (REB) (BSB, NJB, REB, NLT96)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1).Harris (p. 892) says it refers here to a “disposition of mind.” Thrall (p. 855) says it refers here to the “human disposition.” Martin (p. 449) says it is “parallel with ‘in the same steps’.”

Issue 2: Rhetorical Question

This is a rhetorical question. It emphasizes the meaning of “we acted in the same spirit and follow the same course.” Translate in a way that emphasizes that meaning. Some ways to translate this are:

As a rhetorical question. For example:
Did we not conduct ourselves with the same spirit? Did we not take the same steps? (NRSV)
Didn’t we have the same motives and do things the same way? (GW)
As a statement. For example:
Indeed, we acted in the same spirit and follow the same course!
We certainly have the same motives and do things the same way!

walk in the same Spirit: This phrase refers to relating to the believers in the same way. Both Paul and Titus had the same attitudes towards the believers in Corinth. Other ways to translate this are:

act from the very same motives (GNT)

have the same heart

follow in the same footsteps: This phrase refers to doing things in the same way. Paul and Titus related to the believers in Corinth in the same manner. Other ways to translate this are:

behave in the same way (GNT)

walked the same path/track

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

παρεκάλεσα Τίτον καὶ συναπέστειλα τὸν ἀδελφόν

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Παρεκάλεσα Τίτον καί συναπέστειλα τόν ἀδελφόν Μήτι ἐπλεονέκτησεν ὑμᾶς Τίτος Οὒ τῷ αὐτῷ πνεύματι περιεπατήσαμεν οὒ τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἴχνεσιν)

Here Paul refers to a trip Titus took previously to visit the Corinthians. He is probably referring to the visit he mentions in [8:6](../08/06.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that refers to a trip that has already been completed. Alternate translation: [I urged Titus to go to you previously, and I sent the other brother with him]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / extrainfo

τὸν ἀδελφόν

Here Paul assumes that the Corinthians know who this brother is, so he does not name him. Since we do not know who this person was, you should not make the idea more explicit. Alternate translation: [a brother] or [the brother you know]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

τὸν ἀδελφόν

Paul is using the term brother to mean a person who shares the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [the other believer]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / rquestion

μήτι ἐπλεονέκτησεν ὑμᾶς Τίτος?

Paul is using the question form to remind the Corinthians that Titus did not take advantage of them. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: [You remember that Titus did not take advantage of you.] or [Titus did not take advantage of you!]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / rquestion

οὐ τῷ αὐτῷ πνεύματι περιεπατήσαμεν οὐ τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἴχνεσιν?

Paul is using the question form to remind the Corinthians that Titus behaved in the same ways that Paul did. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate these as statements or exclamations. Alternate translation: [You remember that we walked in the same spirit, and we walked in the same footsteps.] or [We walked in the same spirit! We walked in the same footsteps!]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

οὐ & περιεπατήσαμεν οὐ

Here, the word we refers to Titus and Paul only. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: [Did Titus and I not walk … Did Titus and I not walk]

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

οὐ τῷ αὐτῷ πνεύματι περιεπατήσαμεν

Paul speaks of behavior in life as if it were walking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [Did we not behave according to the same spirit] or [Did we not live in the same spirit]

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

τῷ αὐτῷ πνεύματι

˱in˲_the same spirit

Here, the word spirit could refer to: (1) the spirit of a person, which refers to the inner life of a person, that is, how that person thinks, feels, and makes decisions. Alternate translation: [in the same mind] or [in the same heart] (2) the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: [in the same Holy Spirit]

Note 9 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

οὐ τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἴχνεσιν?

Here Paul speaks as if he and Titus walked on the same path so closely together that the person walking behind stepped in the footsteps of the person in front. He means that they did and said very similar things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [Did we not act in the same ways] or [Did we not behave in very similar ways]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

1. OET-LV words
2. OET-RV words
3. Strongs
4. Greek word
5. Greek lemma
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. I implored
2. urged
3. 38700
4. S
5. parakaleō
6. V-IAA1··S
7. ˱I˲ implored
8. ˱I˲ implored
9. S
10. Y60
11. 125191
1. Titos
2. -
3. 51030
4. U
5. titos
6. N-····AMS
7. Titos
8. Titus
9. U
10. Person=Titus; Y60
11. 125192
1. and
2. -
3. 25320
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y60
11. 125193
1. I sent with him
2. -
3. 48820
5. sunapostellō
6. V-IAA1··S
7. ˱I˲ sent_with ‹him›
8. ˱I˲ sent_with ‹him›
9. -
10. Y60; R123972; Person=Paul
11. 125194
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····AMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 125195
1. brother
2. -
3. 800
5. adelfos
6. N-····AMS
7. brother
8. brother
9. -
10. Y60
11. 125196
1. Surely not
2. Surely didn't
3. 33850
4. S
5. mēti
6. T-·······
7. surely_not
8. surely_not
9. S
10. Y60
11. 125197
1. exploited
2. exploited
3. 41220
5. pleonekteō
6. V-IAA3··S
7. exploited
8. exploited
9. -
10. Y60
11. 125198
1. you all
2. -
3. 47710
5. su
6. R-···2A·P
7. you_all
8. you_all
9. -
10. Y60; R123204
11. 125199
1. Titos
2. -
3. 51030
4. U
5. titos
6. N-····NMS
7. Titos
8. Titus
9. U
10. Person=Titus; Y60
11. 125200
1. Not
2. -
3. 37560
4. S
5. ou
6. T-·······
7. not
8. not
9. S
10. Y60
11. 125201
1. in the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····DNS
7. ˱in˲ the
8. ˱in˲ the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 125202
1. same
2. -
3. 8460
5. autos
6. E-····DNS
7. same
8. same
9. -
10. Y60; R125204
11. 125203
1. spirit
2. spirit
3. 41510
5. pneuma
6. N-····DNS
7. spirit
8. spirit
9. -
10. Y60; F125203
11. 125204
1. we walked
2. -
3. 40430
5. peripateō
6. V-IAA1··P
7. ˱we˲ walked
8. ˱we˲ walked
9. -
10. Y60; R122231; R123750
11. 125205
1. not
2. -
3. 37560
5. ou
6. T-·······
7. not
8. not
9. -
10. Y60
11. 125206
1. in the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····DNP
7. ˱in˲ the
8. ˱in˲ the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 125207
1. same
2. -
3. 8460
5. autos
6. E-····DNP
7. same
8. same
9. -
10. Y60; R125209
11. 125208
1. steps
2. -
3. 24870
5. iχnos
6. N-····DNP
7. steps
8. steps
9. -
10. Y60; F125208
11. 125209

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear 2 COR 12:18

SR Greek word order

Section 12:11–21: Proof that Paul was an apostle and his concern for the believers

12:18a

12:18b

12:18c

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

OET interlinear 2 COR 12:18

SR Greek word order

Section 12:11–21: Proof that Paul was an apostle and his concern for the believers

12:18a

12:18b

12:18c

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

OET interlinear 2 COR 12:18