OET interlinear 1 YHN (1 JHN) 2:13

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

πατέρες

fathers

The term fathers here is likely a figurative description of one part of the believers. In that case, it could mean either: (1) mature believers or (2) church leaders

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ἐγνώκατε

˱you_all˲_˓have˒_known

As in the second usage in [2:4](../02/04.md), John is using the word know in the sense of knowing a person. See how you translated it there. Alternate translation: [you know very well]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

τὸν ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Γράφω ὑμῖν πατέρες ὅτι ἐγνώκατε τόν ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς Γράφω ὑμῖν νεανίσκοι ὅτι νενικήκατε τόν πονηρόν)

John uses the phrase from the beginning in various ways in this letter. Here it describes Jesus or possibly God the Father. John refers to Jesus with these same words at the beginning of this letter and in a similar way in John 1:1–2. Alternate translation: [him who has always existed] or [Jesus, who has always existed]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

νεανίσκοι

young_men

Here, young men is likely a figurative description of a part of the group of believers. It probably refers to people who have become strong in their faith, even if they are not yet as mature as those in the group of fathers, since young men are in the time of life when they are strong and vigorous. Alternate translation: [strong believers]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / gendernotations

νεανίσκοι

young_men

Although the term men is masculine, John is likely using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: [strong believers]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

νενικήκατε τὸν πονηρόν

˱you_all˲_˓have˒_overcome (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Γράφω ὑμῖν πατέρες ὅτι ἐγνώκατε τόν ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς Γράφω ὑμῖν νεανίσκοι ὅτι νενικήκατε τόν πονηρόν)

John speaks of these strong believers refusing to do what the devil wants them to do as if they had defeated him in a struggle. Alternate translation: [you refuse to do what the evil one wants you to do]

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / nominaladj

τὸν πονηρόν

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Γράφω ὑμῖν πατέρες ὅτι ἐγνώκατε τόν ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς Γράφω ὑμῖν νεανίσκοι ὅτι νενικήκατε τόν πονηρόν)

John is using the adjective evil as a noun in order to indicate a specific being. ULT adds one to show this. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: [the one who is evil]

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

τὸν πονηρόν

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Γράφω ὑμῖν πατέρες ὅτι ἐγνώκατε τόν ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς Γράφω ὑμῖν νεανίσκοι ὅτι νενικήκατε τόν πονηρόν)

John is speaking of Satan, also known as the devil, by association with his characteristic of being evil. Alternate translation: [the devil] or [Satan]