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HEART
Vital bodily organ; emotional center of one’s being.
In Hebrew and Greek, as in modern English, “heart” is used to designate a physical organ as well as the emotional center of one’s being. “Heart” (Hebrew leb; Greek kardia) occurs approximately 1,000 times in the Bible, though it is often disguised in translation. The range of meaning is great.
Physical Heart
That the beating heart indicates life seems implied in 1 Samuel 25:37-39 (see NLT mg), despite the delay in Nabal’s death. Physical food and wine affect the heart (Jgs 19:5; Ps 104:15; Acts 14:17), and the heart can “faint” and “tremble.” The heart’s position in the body yields an obvious metaphor for “the center” (Mt 12:40).
Jump to OET SA1 25:37–39 section.
Jump to OET JDG 19:5 section.
Jump to OET PSA 104:15 section.
Jump to OET ACT 14:17 section.
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Pyschological Heart
The heart attends intellectually (e.g., Jer 12:11); it also perceives (Jn 12:40), understands (1 Kgs 3:9), debates (Mk 2:6), reflects (Lk 2:19), remembers (Lk 2:51), thinks (Dt 8:17), imagines (Lk 1:51), is wise (Eccl 1:17, KJB), has technical skill (Ex 28:3, KJB), and much more.
Jump to OET JER 12:11 section.
Jump to OET JHN 12:40 section.
Jump to OET KI1 3:9 section.
Jump to OET MRK 2:6 section.
Jump to OET LUK 2:19 section.
Jump to OET LUK 2:51 section.
Jump to OET DEU 8:17 section.
Jump to OET LUK 1:51 section.
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Emotionally, the heart experiences intoxicated merriment (1 Sm 25:36), gladness (Is 30:29), joy (Jn 16:22), sorrow (Neh 2:2), anguish (Rom 9:2), bitterness (Prv 14:10), anxiety (1 Sm 4:13), despair (Eccl 2:20), love (2 Sm 14:1), trust (Ps 112:7), affection (2 Cor 7:3), lust (Mt 5:28), callousness (Mk 3:5), hatred (Lv 19:17), fear (Gn 42:28), jealousy (Jas 3:14), desire (Rom 10:1), discouragement (Nm 32:9), sympathy (Ex 23:9), anger (Dt 19:6, KJB), irresolution (2 Chr 13:7, KJB), and much more.
Jump to OET SA1 25:36 section.
Jump to OET ISA 30:29 section.
Jump to OET JHN 16:22 section.
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Jump to OET ROM 9:2 section.
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Jump to OET CO2 7:3 section.
Jump to OET MAT 5:28 section.
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Jump to OET LEV 19:17 section.
Jump to OET GEN 42:28 section.
Jump to OET JAM 3:14 section.
Jump to OET ROM 10:1 section.
Jump to OET NUM 32:9 section.
Jump to OET EXO 23:9 section.
Jump to OET DEU 19:6 section.
Jump to OET CH2 13:7 section.
Volitionally, the heart can purpose (1 Cor 4:5), incline to (1 Sm 14:7), prompt (2 Kgs 12:4; cf. Prv 4:23), be steadfast (Acts 11:23), be willing (Ex 35:22), contrive evil (Acts 5:4), or follow its “treasure” (Mt 6:21).
Jump to OET CO1 4:5 section.
Jump to OET SA1 14:7 section.
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Jump to OET PRO 4:23 section.
Jump to OET ACT 11:23 section.
Jump to OET EXO 35:22 section.
Jump to OET ACT 5:4 section.
Jump to OET MAT 6:21 section.
Morally, the heart can be gentle, lowly (Mt 11:29), holy (1 Thes 3:13), faithful (Neh 9:8), upright (Ps 97:11), pure, single-minded (Jas 4:8), clean (Acts 15:8), loving toward God (Mk 12:30) and others (1 Pt 1:22), hardened, or sensitive (Ez 11:19). Scripture’s emphasis falls upon the heart’s evil (Gn 6:5 and throughout), as self-deceiving (Jas 1:26), deceitful (Jer 17:9), avaricious (Mt 6:19-21), lustful (Mt 5:28), arrogant (Is 9:9), impious (Acts 7:51), perverse (Ps 101:4), and impenitent (Rom 2:5). Nothing defiles a man worse than his own heart (Mk 7:18-19).
Jump to OET MAT 11:29 section.
Jump to OET TH1 3:13 section.
Jump to OET NEH 9:8 section.
Jump to OET PSA 97:11 section.
Jump to OET JAM 4:8 section.
Jump to OET ACT 15:8 section.
Jump to OET MRK 12:30 section.
Jump to OET PE1 1:22 section.
Jump to OET EZE 11:19 section.
Jump to OET GEN 6:5 section.
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Jump to OET JER 17:9 section.
Jump to OET MAT 6:19–21 section.
Jump to OET ISA 9:9 section.
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Yet out of the heart can come good (Lk 6:45; 8:15). Even when frustrated by circumstances or by fear, the heart’s good intention remains good; its evil intent, bad (1 Kgs 8:18; Mt 5:28).
Jump to OET LUK 6:45 section.
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Being so complex, a person’s heart is sadly divided, and Scripture often extols a perfect, whole, true (i.e., united) heart (Gn 20:5; Ps 86:11; Acts 8:37). The “heart” signifies the total inner self, a person’s hidden core of being (1 Pt 3:4), with which one communes, which one “pours out” in prayer, words, and deeds (Ps 62:8; Mt 15:18-19). It is the genuine self, distinguished from appearance, public position, and physical presence (1 Sm 16:7; 2 Cor 5:12; 1 Thes 2:17). And this “heart-self” has its own nature, character, and disposition (Dn 4:16; 7:4, KJB; cf. Mt 12:33-37).
Jump to OET GEN 20:5 section.
Jump to OET PSA 86:11 section.
Jump to OET ACT 8:37 section.
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Jump to OET MAT 15:18–19 section.
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Jump to OET TH1 2:17 section.
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The Spiritual Heart
The heart is especially important in biblical religion. The mystery of the hidden self is fully known to God and to Christ (Jer 17:10; Lk 9:47; Rom 8:27), and the heart is the seat of our knowledge of God (2 Cor 4:6). The state of heart governs the vision of God (Mt 5:8); from the heart one speaks to God (Ps 27:8); the heart is the locus of divine indwelling (2 Cor 1:22; Gal 4:6; Eph 3:17).
Jump to OET JER 17:10 section.
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On the other hand, moral evil in the heart is seen in biblical perspective as sin against God. Senseless hearts are darkened, often secretly idolatrous, far from God, “not right” before God (Dt 29:18-19; Mt 15:8; Acts 8:21; Rom 1:21). Yet the Lord will not despise a broken, contrite heart (Ps 51:17). When one’s heart is turned toward God, he promises to make it sensitive to divine things, renewed and purified (Dt 4:29; 2 Kgs 23:25; Ps 51:10; Jl 2:13; Ez 36:25-27). God’s law shall then be written on the heart as the inward guide and incentive (Jer 31:33; Heb 8:10; cf. 2 Cor 3:2-3).
Jump to OET DEU 29:18–19 section.
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Jump to OET ACT 8:21 section.
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Jump to OET PSA 51:17 section.
Jump to OET DEU 4:29 section.
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Jump to OET EZE 36:25–27 section.
Jump to OET JER 31:33 section.
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In Christian terms, such transformation involves believing the gospel from the “honest and good heart” that provides fruitful soil for the Word of God (Lk 8:15; Rom 10:9). The true heart draws near to God, loves him with all its intellect, feeling, and will (Lk 10:27; Heb 10:22). Then God gives strength, reward, renewal, grace, peace, and joy to the heart (Ps 73:26; Is 57:15; Acts 2:46; Phil 4:7; Heb 13:9). So the ancient ideal becomes possible again, that of being “a man after God’s own heart” (1 Sm 13:14; Acts 13:22).
Jump to OET ROM 10:9 section.
Jump to OET LUK 10:27 section.
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Jump to OET PSA 73:26 section.
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Jump to OET ACT 2:46 section.
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Jump to OET HEB 13:9 section.
Jump to OET SA1 13:14 section.
Jump to OET ACT 13:22 section.