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InterlinearVerse GEN EXO LEV NUM DEU JOB JOS JDG RUTH 1 SAM 2 SAM PSA AMOS HOS 1 KI 2 KI 1 CHR 2 CHR PROV ECC SNG JOEL MIC ISA ZEP HAB JER LAM YNA (JNA) NAH OBA DAN EZE EZRA EST NEH HAG ZEC MAL LAO GES LES ESG DNG 2 PS TOB JDT ESA WIS SIR BAR LJE PAZ SUS BEL MAN 1 MAC 2 MAC 3 MAC 4 MAC YHN (JHN) MARK MAT LUKE ACTs YAC (JAM) GAL 1 TH 2 TH 1 COR 2 COR ROM COL PHM EPH PHP 1 TIM TIT 1 PET 2 PET 2 TIM HEB YUD (JUD) 1 YHN (1 JHN) 2 YHN (2 JHN) 3 YHN (3 JHN) REV
Dan C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12
Dan 10 V1 V2 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21
OET (OET-LV) Food_of desirableness(es) not I_ate and_flesh/body and_wine not it_came into mouth_of_my and_indeed_(anoint) not I_anointed_myself until were_completed three_of sevens days.
OET (OET-RV) I hadn’t eaten any tasty food or meat, and no wine had been near my lips. I hadn’t even put any perfumed oil on my hair or face during those three weeks.
In this long final vision, Daniel was told of events leading up to the end of the age.
This paragraph, unlike the first, is in the first person. Daniel records what he was doing in the time before he received the vision
I ate no rich food,
I had eaten no special/rich/fancy food.
During that time, I ate only simple food.
I ate no rich food: The Hebrew phrase that the BSB translates as rich food is more literally “bread of desirableness.” It refers in general to the rich and tasty foods that someone might eat during a celebration or feast. Daniel did not eat food like that. He ate only plain, simple food. Here is another way to translate this:
All that time I had eaten no rich food. (NLT)
no meat or wine entered my mouth,
I had not eaten any meat and I had not drunk any wine.
I did not eat any meat or drink any wine.
no meat or wine entered my mouth: The Hebrew phrase that the BSB translates as entered my mouth is literally “came into my mouth.” This is an idiom referring to eating. This clause explains and expands on the previous clause. Specifically, Daniel did not eat any meat or wine. Use an expression that is natural in your language. For example:
no meat or wine had entered my mouth (NRSV)
no meat or wine passed my lips (REB)
No meat or wine crossed my lips (NLT)
I did not eat any…meat, or drink any wine (NCV)
and I did not anoint myself with oil until the three weeks were completed.
For three weeks I had not anointed myself with oil.
Until the three weeks were over, I did not pour/rub any perfumed ointment on my body/skin.
and I did not anoint myself with oil: The Hebrew phrase that the BSB translates as I did not anoint myself with oil is more literally “anointing I did not anoint myself.” The repetition of the verb anoint emphasizes the statement. It was the custom to anoint oneself, that is, apply oil to the skin, for comfort and an attractive appearance. Daniel did not do this. This was another way in which he showed that he was mourning. Here are some other ways to translate this:
nor did I anoint myself with oil until the end of those three weeks (NET)
or use any perfumed oil for three weeks (NCV)
and I put no olive oil on my face or hair (CEV)
oil: The Hebrew text does not indicate what Daniel did not apply to his skin. The BSB has supplied the general word oil. Olive oil was the normal oil used for the skin and hair, and you may wish to supply this here, as the CEV has done.
In some languages it may be natural to reorder the phrases in this verse part. For example:
and for those three weeks I did not put any oil on my skin
Note 1 topic: translate-symaction
לֶ֣חֶם חֲמֻד֞וֹת לֹ֣א אָכַ֗לְתִּי וּבָשָׂ֥ר וָיַ֛יִן לֹא־בָ֥א אֶל־פִּ֖י וְס֣וֹךְ לֹא־סָ֑כְתִּי
food/grain/bread rich not eaten and=flesh/body and,wine not touched to/towards mouth_of,my and,indeed_(anoint) not anointed
Going without bread of delight, and flesh and wine and anointing for three weeks was a symbolic action by which Daniel showed that he was mourning. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in the text of your translation or in a footnote. Alternate translation: [To show that I was mourning, I ate no choice foods or meat or wine, and certainly, I did not anoint myself]
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / synecdoche
לֶ֣חֶם חֲמֻד֞וֹת
food/grain/bread rich
Daniel is using one kind of food, bread, to represent food in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [delightful food]
Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom
וּבָשָׂ֥ר וָיַ֛יִן לֹא־בָ֥א אֶל־פִּ֖י
and=flesh/body and,wine not touched to/towards mouth_of,my
Daniel is using flesh and wine did not come into my mouth as a common expression of the culture to mean “I did not eat meat or drink wine.” If this phrase does not have that meaning for your readers, you could use a comparable expression from your language that does have that meaning, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [and I did not consume any meat or wine]
Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / reduplication
וְס֣וֹךְ לֹא־סָ֑כְתִּי
and,indeed_(anoint) not (Some words not found in UHB: food/grain/bread rich not eaten and=flesh/body and,wine not touched to/towards mouth_of,my and,indeed_(anoint) not anointed until over three_of weeks days )
Daniel is repeating forms of the verb anoint in order to intensify his expression of the idea that it conveys. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the intensification. Alternate translation: [I did not anoint myself at all]
OET (OET-LV) Food_of desirableness(es) not I_ate and_flesh/body and_wine not it_came into mouth_of_my and_indeed_(anoint) not I_anointed_myself until were_completed three_of sevens days.
OET (OET-RV) I hadn’t eaten any tasty food or meat, and no wine had been near my lips. I hadn’t even put any perfumed oil on my hair or face during those three weeks.
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.